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In 2020, the world faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical workers who are fighting for the lives and health of patients in the "red zones" were on the front line in this struggle. The huge level of responsibility, the increasing duration of shifts, difficult working conditions, fears for their health and the health of their loved ones, and many other factors determined the fact that doctors themselves began to need support for their physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of our work was to study the level of perceived stress in the context of the features of coping strategies in medical professionals with different practical experience (students, practicing doctors) in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of study participants was 59 people, including 35 experienced medical workers aged 33 to 72 years (M=47,88; SD=9,44) and 24 medical students aged 20 to 29 years (M=24,16; SD=3,21) without professional experience, but who voluntarily went to work in the "red zones" during the pandemic. As a result of the study, data were obtained on high levels of perceived stress and overstrain by medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is especially pronounced in students. The differences between experienced doctors and medical students were revealed according to the criterion of their preference for certain coping strategies, namely, the predominance of "Escape–avoidance" coping among students. The connection of dominant coping behavior strategies with the level of perceived stress is also established: students who resort to confrontational coping experience a higher level of perceived stress, and a decrease in their level of overexertion is associated with a greater degree of self-control strategy. Experienced doctors do not have both of these connections.

Background: In Italy since February 2020, the unexpected massive afflux of COVID-19 patients exposed healthcare professionals to high work-related stress, high time pressure and increased the risk of being infected. This is the first study that aimed to investigate the psychological impact of COVID-pandemic at the end of the peak, by identifying latent burnout profiles in a sample of front-line healthcare professionals that worked in Italy during the peak of the pandemic. Methods: A total of 589 subjects filled in an online ad-hoc questionnaire and the Italian version of Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey. Results: A higher presence of burnout profile in healthcare professionals who worked in frontline during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic was highlighted. Furthermore, those professionals showed significantly higher perceived stress levels, increase of worries, and sleep problems, they were more likely to underline the importance of team spirit and to consider asking for psychological support. A multiple regression analysis revealed that age, managing COVID-19 patients, perceived stress levels, adequacy of training, and considering to ask for psychological support significantly predicted latent burnout profiles. Moreover, perceived stress levels mediate the relationship between those profiles and managing COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: These findings highlight how stressful and damaging the pandemic has been, especially for people directly involved in the care of patients tested positive for COVID-19. Furthermore, it provides evidence for the importance of investing in wellness for healthcare professionals, in order to avoid shortage due to burnout and to guarantee optimal standards of care to all patients., Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 10, No 1 (2022)

Introduction: This research presents the relationship between the schools which implemented full day school and which did not apply the full day school to the level of stress students in junior high schools. This was influenced by the existence of regional autonomy as part of government policy and orientation toward quality education institutions.Methods: This research used a quantitative correlational approach to obtain the significance of the relationship between the variables examined. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with samples of 37 students for a group of cases and 37 students to control groups. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test.Results: The results showed that in the case group there were 83.78 experiencing mild stress and 16.22 experiencing moderate stress, while in the control group there were 89.19 experiencing mild stress, and 10.81 experiencing moderate stress with P- value 0.000 (

We describe a university’s psychological counselling approach, based mainly on a form of dialogue known as an “Elicitation Interview”. It is a technical conversational situation in which a counsell...

Introduction: Stress is one of the most important issues among medical students, often defined as the “wear and tear” the body experiences and multiple factors contribute to its prevalence. It can exert a negative impact on the emotional/psychological well-being of an individual, if not treated at the proper time. Proper management and timely interventions will lessen the negative effects of stress, thereby enhancing their academic performance and skill development as medical graduates. Aim: To measure and compare the perceived stress level among medical students studying in three main medical colleges located at Srinagar, Anantnag, and Baramulla (in the government sector), Jammu and Kashmir, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was multiinstitutional, conducted in the first and second year medical students of Government Medical College (GMC)-Srinagar/GMC-Anantnag and GMC- Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India in the age group of 18-25 years who voluntarily consented to participate. A total of 264 students were taken for the study. Data as per structured/standard questionnaire was collected on Google form in a password-protected electronic format. The already validated and reliable Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)- Cohen et al., 1983, was used to analyse the stress levels. Categorical data were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Overall maximum students, 145 (54.9%) had moderate stress, followed by 83 (31.5%) who had high or perceived stress and 36 (13.6%) had low stress levels. College analysis indicated that perceived high stress was highest in GMC-Srinagar students with 38.1%, followed by 31.6% from GMC-Baramulla and 22.22% from GMC-Anantnag. Conclusion: Present study indicate an overall high prevalence of moderate stress followed by perceived high stress among the medical students of three medical colleges located in Kashmir, India. Interestingly, the location of the medical colleges had little impact on the stress level among such undergraduate students.

Recent reports suggest that the COVID-19 lockdown resulted in changes in mental health, however, potential age-related changes and risk factors remain unknown. We measured COVID-19 lockdown-induced stress levels and the severity of depressive symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 lockdown in different age groups and then searched for potential risk factors in a well-characterized general population-based sample. A total of 715 participants were tested for mental distress and related risk factors at two time-points, baseline testing prior to COVID-19 and follow-up testing during COVID-19, using a battery of validated psychological tests including the Perceived Stress Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Longitudinal measurements revealed that the prevalence of moderate to high stress and the severity of depressive symptoms increased 1.4- and 5.5-fold, respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown. This surge in mental distress was more severe in women, but was present in all age groups with the older age group exhibiting, cross-sectionally, the lowest levels of mental distress prior to and during the lockdown. Illness perception, personality characteristics such as a feeling of loneliness, and several lifestyle components were found to be associated with a significant increase in mental distress. The observed changes in mental health and the identified potential risk factors underlying these changes provide critical data justifying timely and public emergency-tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions, which should be integrated into future public health policies globally.

Background: Senior nursing students possibly experience stress due to the difficulties encountered in the process of writing a thesis. The difficulties experienced are commonly making research background, looking for the related theory and proper methods, having pressure from supervisor, feeling saturated, and many more. The stress experienced by students can also cause various responses such as physical, psychological, and social. Purpose : The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation among stress levels andphysio-psycho-social responses of nursing students undertaking thesis. Methods : This analitic cross sectional study was conducted at Harapan Bangsa Institute of Health Sciences, Purwokerto on May-July 2018. A total of 117 senior nursing students undertaking a thesis were taken by simple random sampling. Research data were collected utilizing stress questionnaire and physio-psycho-social responses. The data analysis used was univariate analysis with frequencydistribution, and bivariate analysis used was Spearman Correlation. Result : Findings of this research indicated that the senior nursing students undertaking a thesis experienced moderate level of stress (51,3%) and excellent physio-psycho-social responses (73,5%). In addition, this research showed a significant relationship between stress levels with physio-psycho-social responses (p value=0,000; r=0,508). Conclusion : The results indicated that senior students undertaking thesis can experience stress varying from mildto moderate that potentially cause physio-psycho-social responses

The prevalence of pseudoscientific beliefs and fake news increased during the coronavirus crisis. Misinformation streams such as these potentially pose risks to people's health. Thus, knowing how these pseudoscientific beliefs and fake news impact the community of internists may be useful for improving primary care services. In this research, analyses of stress levels, effectiveness in detecting fake news, use of critical thinking (CP), and attitudes toward pseudosciences in internists during the COVID-19 crisis were performed. A total of 1129 internists participated. Several multiple regression models were applied using the forward stepwise method to determine the weight of CP and physicians' attitudes toward pseudosciences in predicting reductions in stress levels and facilitating the detection of fake news. The use of critical thinking predicted 46.9% of the reduction in stress levels. Similarly, skeptical attitudes and critical thinking predicted 56.1% of the hits on fake news detection tests. The stress levels of physicians during the coronavirus pandemic were clinically significant. The efficacy of fake news detection increases by 30.7% if the individual was a physician. Study outcomes indicate that the use of critical thinking and skeptical attitudes reduce stress levels and allow better detection of fake news. The importance of how to promote critical and skeptical attitudes in the field of medicine is discussed.

International audience; In response to the issue that whether it is the ethical leader behavior or the situation that determines subordinate outcomes. The present study conceptualizes outcomes as person driven and situation moderated. This experimental study examined, in a 2 X 2 between-participants factorial design, the effects of ethical leader behavior and magnitude of consequences on different person driven (willingness to report problems, affective trust and cognitive trust, Idealized-influence (affective) and Idealized-influence (behavioral)and situation moderated (stress level, leaders' effectiveness,) outcomes. One hundred and eighty one students from different post graduate programs of a top engineering institute in India voluntarily participated in the study. Our results show that ethical leadership impacts almost all the subordinate outcomes. The analysis indicated that moral intensity measured in terms of magnitude of consequences does moderate this relationship for predicted outcome of leader effectiveness.

Background Infertility is an issue that affects many parameters peoples' lives, as individuals and as couples. Besides the physical and economic impact of infertility on the couples, there is a significant reflection of infertility on their mental health and well-being, which follows them from the moment of the diagnosis up until the end of their treatment. Objective The aim of this review was to investigate whether psychological factors such as stress, anxiety or depression have an impact on the assisted reproduction treatment outcome and whether the use of supporting methods may help couples to minimize their fertility related stress, anxiety and depression and improve the treatment outcome. Methods After a systematic search of the electronic databases, fourteen studies were included in this umbrella review. The included studies were systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2015 and February 2020. The population of interest was women, men or couples facing infertility and undergoing fertility treatment. The included studies assessed the relationship between stress and anxiety in couples undergoing fertility treatment and the outcome of the treatment, the psychological state and psychological adjustment of the couples after a negative result and the impact of interventional methods for reducing stress, anxiety or depression on the psychological state of the couples undergoing treatment and their pregnancy outcomes. Results This review fails to provide a certain answer to our research hypothesis due to conflicting results in the included studies. However, it has been observed that couples who reported better psychological state or have been treated with an interventional method for psychological support, were more likely to adjust better to the treatment procedure and the outcome as well. Conclusion Psychological support and consultation during assisted reproduction treatment is highly recommended by researchers and clinicians.

Background: Doctors working in critical care units are prone to higher stress due to various factors such as higher mortality and morbidity, demanding service conditions and need for higher knowledge and technical skill. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the stress level and the causative stressors in doctors working in critical care units in India. Materials and Methods: A two modality questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. In manual mode, randomly selected delegates attending the annual congress of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine filled the questionnaire. In the electronic mode, the questionnaires were E-mailed to critical care doctors. These questionnaires were based on General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Completely filled 242 responses were utilized for comparative and correlation analysis. Results: Prevalence of moderate to severe stress level was 40% with a mean score of 2 on GHQ-12 scale. Too much responsibility at times and managing VIP patients ranked as the top two stressors studied, while the difficult relationship with colleagues and sexual harassment were the least. Intensivists were spending longest hours in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) followed by pulmonologists and anesthetists. The mean number of ICU bed critical care doctors entrusted with was 13.2 ± 6.3. Substance abuse to relieve stress was reported as alcohol (21%), anxiolytic or antidepressants (18%) and smoking (14%). Conclusion: Despite the higher workload, stress levels measured in our survey in Indian critical care doctors were lower compared to International data. Substantiation of this data through a wider study and broad-based measures to improve the quality of critical care units and quality of the lives of these doctors is the need of the hour.

This study investigated stress levels of pre-service teachers (PSTs) across three categories of teaching context: early childhood, primary and secondary. This paper focused on exploring the stressors in the completion of tasks in teaching practicum in the three categories of teaching context and an awareness of and access to support systems. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and an online questionnaire were used to measure the nature and level of stress. Significant results were found in relation to the school climate and the stress levels of PSTs across the three different teaching contexts. These findings have implications in terms of understanding different PSTs’ stress levels across the three teaching contexts and ways they could be supported to reduce their stress level and achieve better study outcomes.

Through the history, human beings have believed in the educational function of music and placed a great importance on music as an educational tool. Music education, which increases individuals’ achievement, imagination and brain development levels, aims at providing the individuals with the positive qualities to be introduced to the society. Through music, which is an important dimension of education, individuals will not only be raised to be knowledgeable only in a single field, but also to be versatile individuals who could keep up with the rapid development of today’s societies.It has gained more importance to raise versatile individuals with academic, personal and social aspects in today’s university education in which the professional development goal is emphasized. Music education is one of the most appropriate fields for the view of raising versatile individuals. As known, music is a versatile phenomenon with its various functions and individual, social, cultural and educational features. Considering those aspects, it was aimed that elective music courses given in universities show effect on anxiety, self-efficacy and stress levels of the students who take this course. In order to determine the effect of elective music courses in university programs on anxiety, general self-efficacy and stress management levels of the students who take this course, an experimental study was implemented using the pre- and post-test models. Experiment and control groups were composed of 242 students from 8 grade levels studying in Health Services Vocational College and Health College in Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University during the 2015-2016 education year, dividing them into two groups. The data obtained after the 12-week music education were tabulated and interpreted through appropriate SPSS programs.As a result of the study, it was found that the state-trait anxiety levels of individuals who had the music education were lower than the levels of individuals who didn’t have this education, that there was a positive effect of having the music education on individuals’ skills of self-efficacy and stress management, and that there was an improvement in those skills. It was also found that the music education has a significant impact on decreasing the state-trait anxiety levels, and increasing the self-efficacy and stress-management skills. Özetİnsanlık tarih boyunca müziğin eğitici işlevine inanmış olup müziğe bir eğitim aracı olarak önemli bir yer ayırmıştır. Bireylerin başarılı olmalarını, hayal gücünü ve beyin gelişimini arttıran müzik eğitimi bireylere, topluma kazandıracağı olumlu niteliklerin verilmesini amaçlar. Eğitimin önemli bir boyutu olan müzik ile bireyler sadece bir alanda bilgilenmiş olarak değil, günümüz toplumlarının hızlı gelişimine de ayak uydurabilecek ve çok yönlü bireyler olarak yetişeceklerdir.Mesleki gelişim amacına ağırlık verilen günümüz üniversite eğitiminde akademik, kişisel ve sosyal yönleri ile çok yönlü bireyler yetiştirilmesi daha çok önem kazanmıştır. Müzik eğitimi, çok yönlü bireyler yetiştirilmesi anlayışına en uygun alanlardan birini oluşturmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi müzik bireysel, toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik ve eğitimsel nitelikleri ile birçok işlevi olan çok yönlü bir olgudur. Bu yönleri ile bakıldığında müzik eğitimi vermeyi amaçlayan üniversitelerdeki uygulanan seçmeli müzik dersleri de öğrencilerin müziksel algılama yeteneğini ve müzik yaşamını yüksek düzeyde geliştirecektir. Bu durumdan yola çıkarak üniversitelerde verilen seçmeli müzik derslerinin bu dersi alan öğrenciler üzerinde kaygı, öz yeterlik ve stres durumlarında ki etkiyi ortaya çıkarması amaçlanmıştır. Üniversitesi programlarında yer alan seçmeli müzik derslerinin bu dersi alan öğrenciler üzerinde kaygı, genel öz yeterlik ve stres yönetimi düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek üzere deneysel bir çalışma yapılarak ön test son test modeli tercih edilmiştir. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu ve Sağlık Yüksekokulu 2015–2016 eğitim öğretim yılında öğrenim gören 8 sınıftan ve 242 öğrenciden oluşan çalışma grubu ikiye bölünerek deney ve kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. 12 haftalık müzik eğitimi sonucunda elde edilen veriler uygun spss programları ile tablolaştırılarak yorumlanmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda müzik eğitimi alan bireylerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin müzik dersi almayan bireylere göre daha düşük olduğu, bireylerin öz yeterlik ve stres yönetim becerilerinde müzik eğitimi almalarının pozitif yönde bir etkisi olduğu ve bu becerilerinde artış olduğu görülmüştür. Durumluk ve sürekli kaygının azalması, öz yeterlik ve stres yönetim becerilerinin artmasında müzik eğitimin önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Health behaviors are actions taken to prevent the disease or they are directed to improve health and its forms. Healthy behaviors include: no smoking cigarettes, moderate in drinking alcohol, an adequate number of sleeping hours per day, regular exercises, maintaining proper weight, avoid snacks between meals and regular breakfasts. Some authors also include to health behaviors the coping and exchange self-efficacy as an important part of having a direct relationship with health. The aim of this study was to diagnose health behaviors of foreign students studying medicine in Krakow. To achieve the aim of this study, authors used a method of diagnostic survey and the following research tools like: the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, the Baecke’s questionnaire of Customary Physical Activity, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) authoring questionnaire. To provide the full anonymity of research, the tools had been sent through the internet. After completing a questionnaire, research tools were sent back to the mail box created for this research (for 30 days). The results of research were statistically analyzed using the tests: $\chi^{2}$, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman. Studies have been conducted from $2^{nd}$ February to $3^{rd}$ March 2009 among 111 foreign students studying at the Collegium Medicum of Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Medicine at the Medical School for Foreigners. The surveyed students try to maintain a healthy lifestyle, healthy nutrition and physical activity. Almost half of respondents took drugs at least once in their life, more than half of them drank alcohol once a week. 12% of students smoke cigarettes every day, among of this group, almost 70% of respondents are highly addicted to nicotine. Most of the students was characterized by high level of self-efficacy and the average level of stress. The study showed that there is significant statistic relation between BMI and the level of the respondents selfefficacy and some of health behaviors among students. The value of BMI is lower among students coming to class on foot, students who do a lot of sports regularly, and students who eat 4-5 meals during a day, as well as among people consuming more fruits, vegetables and plants trenches. People who don’t take drugs, and users who regularly consuming meals show higher level of self-efficacy. When the level of stress is going down self-efficacy is going up in direct proportion. The presented results showed comparable levels of perceived stress by the tested students, raising self-efficacy of tested students, undertaking promotional and educational activities concerning the dangers of drugs among the students, helping students considered highly addicted to nicotine, undertaking research on health behaviors among Polish medical students.

A PC-based EDA measuring system is presented. The system is composed of a laptop with a PCMCIA DAQ-card running LabVIEW® software, a small front-end with a dual op-amp IC and a few passive components, and three skin-surface electrodes. The electrode system gives a monopolar measurement below the measuring electrode regardless of the electrode sizes, unless very small. Usage of the system is demonstrated by measurements from a mental stress experiment on 17 volunteers. There was a significant correlation (R=0.51, p