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EEG decoding based on motor imagery is an important part of brain–computer interface technology and is an important indicator that determines the overall performance of the brain–computer interface. Due to the complexity of motor imagery EEG feature analysis, traditional classification models rely heavily on the signal preprocessing and feature design stages. End-to-end neural networks in deep learning have been applied to the classification task processing of motor imagery EEG and have shown good results. This study uses a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to obtain spatial information and temporal correlation from EEG signals. The use of cross-layer connectivity reduces the network gradient dispersion problem and enhances the overall network model stability. The effectiveness of this network model is demonstrated on the BCI Competition IV dataset 2a by integrating CNN, BiLSTM and ResNet (called CLRNet in this study) to decode motor imagery EEG. The network model combining CNN and BiLSTM achieved 87.0% accuracy in classifying motor imagery patterns in four classes. The network stability is enhanced by adding ResNet for cross-layer connectivity, which further improved the accuracy by 2.0% to achieve 89.0% classification accuracy. The experimental results show that CLRNet has good performance in decoding the motor imagery EEG dataset. This study provides a better solution for motor imagery EEG decoding in brain–computer interface technology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of portable EEG acquisition systems, the collected EEG has gradually changed from being multi-channel to few-channel or single-channel, thus the removal of single-channel EEG signal artifacts is extremely significant. For the artifact removal of single-channel EEG signals, the current mainstream method is generally a combination of the decomposition method and the blind source separation (BSS) method. Between them, a combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and its derivative methods and ICA has been used in single-channel EEG artifact removal. However, EMD is prone to modal mixing and it has no relevant theoretical basis, thus it is not as good as variational modal decomposition (VMD) in terms of the decomposition effect. In the ICA algorithm, the implementation method based on high-order statistics is widely used, but it is not as effective as the implementation method based on second order statistics in processing EMG artifacts. Therefore, aiming at the main artifacts in single-channel EEG signals, including EOG and EMG artifacts, this paper proposed a method of artifact removal combining variational mode decomposition (VMD) and second order blind identification (SOBI). Semi-simulation experiments show that, compared with the existing EEMD-SOBI method, this method has a better removal effect on EOG and EMG artifacts, and can preserve useful information to the greatest extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]