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5 results on '"Kenneth M, Maleta"'

1. The association between plasma choline, growth and neurodevelopment among Malawian children aged 6–15 months enroled in an egg intervention trial

Author

Megan G. Bragg, Elizabeth L. Prado, Bess L. Caswell, Charles D. Arnold, Matthews George, Lisa M. Oakes, Aaron G. Beckner, Michaela C. DeBolt, Brian J. Bennett, Kenneth M. Maleta, and Christine P. Stewart

Subjects
Africa, child development, choline, complementary feeding, eggs, growth, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Choline is an essential micronutrient that may influence growth and development; however, few studies have examined postnatal choline status and children's growth and development in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The aim of this observational analysis was to examine associations of plasma choline with growth and development among Malawian children aged 6–15 months enrolled in an egg intervention trial. Plasma choline and related metabolites (betaine, dimethylglycine and trimethylamine N‐oxide) were measured at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up, along with anthropometric (length, weight, head circumference) and developmental assessments (the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool [MDAT], the Infant Orienting with Attention task [IOWA], a visual paired comparison [VPC] task and an elicited imitation [EI] task). In cross‐sectional covariate‐adjusted models, each 1 SD higher plasma choline was associated with lower length‐for‐age z‐score (−0.09 SD [95% confidence interval, CI −0.17 to −0.01]), slower IOWA response time (8.84 ms [1.66–16.03]) and faster processing speed on the VPC task (−203.5 ms [−366.2 to −40.7]). In predictive models, baseline plasma choline was negatively associated with MDAT fine motor z‐score at 6‐month follow‐up (−0.13 SD [−0.22 to −0.04]). There were no other significant associations of plasma choline with child measures. Similarly, associations of choline metabolites with growth and development were null except higher trimethylamine N‐oxide was associated with slower information processing on the VPC task and higher memory scores on the EI task. In this cohort of children with low dietary choline intake, we conclude that there were no strong or consistent associations between plasma choline and growth and development.

Published
2023
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2. Impacts of an egg intervention on nutrient adequacy among young Malawian children

Author

Bess L. Caswell, Charles D. Arnold, Chessa K. Lutter, Lora L. Iannotti, Raphael Chipatala, Elizabeth Rochelle Werner, Kenneth M. Maleta, and Christine P. Stewart

Subjects
24‐h recall, complementary feeding, eggs, infant, Malawi, nutrients, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Eggs are a rich source of multiple nutrients that support child growth and development. Provision of eggs as a complementary food may improve dietary adequacy among young children at risk for undernutrition. Our objective was to test the impact of an egg intervention on the adequacy of total nutrient intakes and micronutrient density among 6‐ to 15‐month‐old Malawian children. Children 6 to 9 months old, living in Mangochi District, Malawi, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 331) receiving an egg per day or a control group (n = 329) consuming their usual diet. Dietary intakes of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were assessed using 24‐h recalls at baseline, 3‐month midline and 6‐month endline, with repeat recalls in a subsample. Usual nutrient intake and micronutrient density distributions were modelled to estimate group means and prevalence of inadequacy. Group differences at midline and endline were tested using unequal variance t tests with bootstrapped standard errors. The egg intervention resulted in higher intakes of fat and protein and lower intakes of carbohydrates. The egg group had lower prevalence of inadequacy for selenium, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B5, vitamin B12 and choline. Micronutrient density inadequacy was lower in the egg group for vitamin A and choline at midline and endline, riboflavin at midline and vitamin B5 at endline. Inadequacy of nutrient intakes or density remained highly prevalent in both groups for multiple micronutrients. Though the egg intervention increased intakes of protein and several micronutrients, total intakes and micronutrient density of multiple micronutrients remained far below recommendations.

Published
2021
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3. The Effects of 1 Egg per Day on Iron and Anemia Status among Young Malawian Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

E Rochelle Werner, Charles D Arnold, Bess L Caswell, Lora L Iannotti, Chessa K Lutter, Kenneth M Maleta, and Christine P Stewart

Subjects
Pediatric, animal-source foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, ferritin, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Medicine (miscellaneous), Hematology, hemoglobin, anemia, iron, iron deficiency, inflammation, Clinical Research, eggs, infant and child feeding, soluble transferrin receptor, Food Science, Nutrition
Abstract

BackgroundYoung children with diets lacking diversity with low consumption of animal source foods are at risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA).ObjectivesOur objectives were to determine the impact of supplementing diets with 1 egg/d on 1) plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), body iron index (BII), and hemoglobin concentrations and 2) the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID), anemia, and IDA.MethodsMalawian 6-9-mo-old infants in the Mazira trial (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03385252) were individually randomly assigned to receive 1 egg/d for 6 mo (n = 331) or continue their usual diet (n = 329). In this secondary analysis, hemoglobin, plasma ferritin, sTfR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured at enrollment and 6-mo follow-up. Iron biomarkers were corrected for inflammation. Ferritin, sTfR, BII, and hemoglobin were compared between groups using linear regression. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for anemia (hemoglobin 8.3 mg/L, or BII

Published
2022

4. The Effects of One Egg Per Day on Vitamin A Status Among Young Malawian Children: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

E. Rochelle Werner, Marjorie J. Haskell, Charles D. Arnold, Bess L. Caswell, Lora L. Iannotti, Chessa K. Lutter, Kenneth M. Maleta, and Christine P. Stewart

Subjects
sub-Saharan Africa, Malawi, animal-source foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Medicine (miscellaneous), vitamin A, Good Health and Well Being, RBP, infant and young child feeding, Clinical Research, eggs, vitamin A deficiency, Digestive Diseases, retinol, Nutrition, Original Research, Food Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is common in populations with limited dietary diversity and access to vitamin A-rich foods. OBJECTIVES: This analysis aimed to determine the impact of supplementing children’s diets with 1 egg/d on the concentration of plasma retinol and RBP and the prevalence of VAD. METHODS: Children age 6–9 mo living in the Mangochi district of Malawi were individually randomly assigned to receive 1 egg/d for 6 mo (n = 331) or continue their usual diet (n = 329) in the Mazira trial (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT03385252). This secondary analysis measured plasma retinol by HPLC and RBP, CRP, and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) by ELISA techniques at enrollment and 6 mo follow-up. Retinol and RBP were adjusted for inflammation, and mean concentrations were compared between groups using linear regression models. In addition, prevalence ratios of VAD (retinol 5 mg/L or AGP >1 g/L: 62%) and inflammation-adjusted VAD (7%) at enrollment did not differ between groups. At follow-up, the egg intervention group did not differ from the control in inflammation-adjusted retinol [geometric mean (95% CI); egg: 1.10 μmol/L (1.07, 1.13); control: 1.08 (1.05, 1.12)], RBP [egg: 0.99 μmol/L (0.96, 1.02); control: 0.97 (0.94, 1.00)], or prevalence of VAD [egg: 6%; control: 3%; prevalence ratio: 1.87 (0.83, 4.24)]. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of 1 egg/d did not impact VAD, plasma retinol, or RBP among young children in rural Malawi, where the prevalence of VAD was low. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;x:xx. This trial was registered at [clinicaltrials.gov] as [NCT03385252].

Published
2023

5. Consumption of Animal-Source Protein is Associated with Improved Height-for-Age

Author

Yankho, Kaimila, Oscar, Divala, Sophia E, Agapova, Kevin B, Stephenson, Chrissie, Thakwalakwa, Indi, Trehan, Mark J, Manary, and Kenneth M, Maleta

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Malawi, Meat, 24-h dietary recall, Eggs, dietary diversity, Fagaceae, Poultry, Article, Eating, animal source food, Animals, Humans, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Growth Disorders, EED, Fishes, stunting, Infant, legume complementary food, Diet Records, Diet, Child, Preschool, PDCAAS, Dietary Supplements, Female, Dairy Products, Dietary Proteins, acute malnutrition
Abstract

Linear growth faltering, caused by insufficient diet, recurrent infections and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), continues to plague young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Diets in LMICs are primarily plant based, and thus have poor-quality protein and low levels of essential micronutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the type and protein quality of food consumed with stunting, EED and acute malnutrition in children aged 6–36 months in Limera and Masenjere, two rural Southern Malawian communities. This is a secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials that tested the effects of common bean and cowpea flour on stunting in children aged 6–36 months. We used data from two interactive 24-h dietary recalls conducted 12 weeks after enrolment into each trial. Food intakes were compared between the regions using Chi-square and Student’s t-test. There were 355 children that participated in the dietary recalls. The diets of children were of poor quality, but the children from Limera consumed more fish (54% vs. 35%, p = 0.009) and more bioavailable protein (26.0 ± 10.3 g/day vs. 23.1 ± 8.1 g/day, p = 0.018, respectively) than children in Masenjere. Food type and protein quality were not associated with any of the outcomes except an association between animal protein consumption and improvement in height-for-age z scores in children aged 12–36 months (p = 0.047). These findings support the notion that animal-source food (ASF) consumption in this vulnerable population promotes linear growth.

Published
2018

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