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Abstract: The paper documents a new transformer model in ATPDraw called XFMR. This model handles three-phase transformers with two or three windings. Autotransformers and all Wye and Delta couplings are supported. The model includes an inverse inductance matrix for the leakage description, optional frequency dependent winding resistance, capacitive coupling, and a topologically correct core model (3- and 5-legged) with individual saturation and losses in legs and yokes. Three different sources of parameters are supported; typical values, standard test reports, and design information. The hybrid model XFMR is compared to the UMEC model in PSCAD showing good agreement at rated, stationary operation, but considerable differences in transient situations. Both models need further benchmarking and development to reproduce all switching transient behaviors properly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

One of the weakest components of modem transient simulation software is the transformer model. Many opportunities exist to improve the simulation of its complicated behaviors, which include magnetic saturation of the core, frequency-dependency, capacitive coupling, and topologically correctness of core and coil structure. This paper presents a review of transformer models for simulation of low- and mid-frequency transients. Salient points of key references are presented and discussed in order to give an accessible overview of development, implementation and limitations of the most useful models proposed to date. Techniques for representation of the most important behaviors are examined, with the intent of providing the needed foundation for continued development and improvement of transformer models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]