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Partial discharge (PD) detection is a technique widely used for high voltage equipment insulation condition assessment. In such applications, an understanding of PD mechanisms, characteristics and development processes is important. In this paper, PD characteristics of transformer oils are examined under AC conditions, using a needle-to-plane electrode system. The PD activity in transformer oil is confirmed as appearing in pulse burst form. The duration time of PD pulse bursts was found to decrease with voltage above the PD inception voltage; this decrease was accompanied by both an increase in number of discrete PD pulses and their average maximum amplitude within the pulse burst itself. In order to obtain the increase principle of pulse amplitude within PD pulse burst, mathematical fitting models for discrete pulse current peak value within PD burst are established using exponential express and validity of mathematical models is proved by fitting error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of the materials used as the dielectric media in large transformers continues to be a combination of pressboard and mineral oil. However, a number of failures in the field have been attributed to the surface discharge or creeping discharge over the oil/pressboard interface. This paper reports on an experiment to study surface discharge over oil/pressboard. The TJ (triple-junction) model was used to study the characteristic of partial discharge (PD) from inception to flashover. The max PD charge, pattern, frequency and current pulse were measured during the flashover process. Four oil/pressboard specimens with different aging degrees were used and their influence on the flashover process over oil/paper interface was studied in this experiment. The results indicate that the max PD charge and PD frequency increase with the increase of applied voltage. The oil aging has great influence while the pressboard aging has little influence on PD characteristic over oil/pressboard. The PD pattern and current pulse shape show great difference for various applied voltages. The results therefore suggest that the PD detection on the oil/pressboard can be used effectively to implement the early monitor of surface discharge thereby to avoid the formation of surface flashover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to the design of a high-precision CMOS voltage reference. The proposed circuit utilizes MOS transistors instead of bipolar transistors to generate positive and negative temperature coefficient (TC) currents summed up to a resistive load to generate low TC reference voltage. A piecewise curvature-compensation technique is also used to reduce the TC of the reference voltage within a wider temperature range. The output reference voltage can be adjusted in a wide range according to different system requirements by setting different parameters such as resistors and transistor aspect ratios. The proposed circuit is designed for TSMC 0.6μm standard CMOS process. Spectre-based simulations demonstrate that the TC of the reference voltage is 4.3ppm/°C with compensation compared with 107ppm/°C without compensation in the temperature ranges from −15 to 95°C using a 1.5V supply voltage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]