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The disturbance propagation mechanism is crucial for the preventive, corrective, and in-extremis control of power grids. This paper proposes a novel non-uniform frame structure model for power system disturbance propagation analysis. A general state transition model of the power grid is derived from the electromechanical wave propagation process. This is further used together with the Gaussian function to derive the non-uniform heterogeneous inertial continuum model, where the non-uniform parameters of the inertia are estimated using the state transition model. The proposed non-uniform frame structure model can be integrated with the electromechanical wave equation to study the disturbance propagation process. These novel developments allow us to tackle the inertial loss and uniform homogenous assumption in existing models. Extensive comparison results carried out on both the chain grid and the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve 5- and 3-times accuracy improvements of the state-of-the-art SHU-FSM and ISHU-FSM models, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]