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This paper focuses on the use of quadratic time-frequency distributions (QTFDs) to characterize the temporal variation of low-frequency electromechanical oscillations (LFEOs) using ringdown data. A refined Margenau-Hill distribution (MHD) and a procedure to extract the instantaneous frequencies and damping factors as well as initial phase angles of system low-frequency modes when the analyzed signal is multi-component are proposed. The refinement process enjoys a fast-converging iterative algorithm and without loss of generality it can be applied to other QTFDs for using in other applications. A non-stationary synthetic signal as well as simulated ringdown data of a 5-area, 16-machine power system and real measured data of Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) system are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in the presence of measurement noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closeness to the nose point of P-V curve, or loadability limit (LL), and voltage instability is one of the main concerns of modern power systems. Hence, online evaluation of LL has attracted the interest of researchers in recent years. This letter introduces a simple local index for online estimation of closeness to LL, using two consecutive scalar local measurements. This index is achieved based on the fact that variation of the load apparent power is zero at LL. The index is suitable for implementation in numerical relays to stimulate local control actions to prevent voltage instability, and in the system control center for system-wide coordinated analysis and control measures. Simulation results on the IEEE 30-bus test system show the suitability of the proposed index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Management of reactive power resources is vital for stable and secure operation of power systems in the view point of voltage stability. This paper deals with the management of on-load tap changers (OLTCs) and dynamic VAR sources (including synchronous generators, synchronous condensers, and shunt reactive power compensators) to improve voltage stability margin (VSM) of power systems. This problem is usually called optimal reactive power dispatch (ORD) in the literature. The main contribution of the paper is to introduce a new objective function for the ORD problem. The proposed objective function is derived based on a local voltage stability index, called DSY, and has a strong correlation with VSM. This strong correlation makes the objective function effective for improving VSM, which is the main purpose of ORD. The proposed objective function is tested on the New England 39-bus test system and its performance is compared with some of the most common objective functions used in ORD. The obtained results show that solving ORD problem using the proposed objective function yields considerable increase in VSM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]