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Electrical energy produced by photovoltaic technology varies depending on the intensity of sunlight, so we need a treatment to regulate it. There are 2 methods used to operate solar panels at their maximum power point, namely the dynamic method and the static method. One static method is the MPPT method with constant voltage. Boost converter and microcontroller are used to set the algorithm. The use of a boost converter to increase the working voltage of the PV to suit the needs of the load is used. Lead-acid batteries have a certain temperature sensitivity. Voltage output settings are set using the duty cycle, to obtain a stable charging voltage. By testing of charging a 24V 36 Ah battery for 12 hours. With an average charging current of 0.3 A, it is able to charge from 22.16 V to 23.23 V or increases of 1.07 V using open controls. In closed temperature control over voltage, the charging current averages 0.3 A, the battery SoC increases from 22.23 V to 23.27 V or increase of 1.05 Volts. In each test, the battery SoC increases by 1 V or 4% of the battery capacity. The effect of battery charging temperature on this study was small, both in closed control and open control. The increase in temperature between open control and closed control is about 1-2,5 °C and the increase does not touch the maximum limit value of 35 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is the key in the development of human civilization, it causes an increase in electricity production using fossil fuels. This causes the emergence of the need for commissioning Solar PV plants in large scale. The large scale of the project has the problem of land requirement needed for the project that not always available. Installing the Solar PV plants on water bodies like oceans, lake, and reservoir can be an interesting option. Floating type solar panel can have a numerous advantages, one of them are the increase in power yield while also lowering the working temperature of the solar panel. Test carried to measure the influence of floating method by measuring the performance of the solar panel. The data shows that by using this method there has been an increase in power yield by 30.54%. However in regard of temperature, an increase of 6.42% occurred at the time of testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]