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Electrochemical synthesis, in situ spectroelectrochemistry of conducting polyindole (PIn), polyindole-TiO 2 (PIn-TiO 2 ) and polyindole-ZnO (PIn-ZnO) nanocomposites were investigated. The PIn and polymer nanocomposites were tested electrochemically for rechargeable batteries. The films were characterized by means of CVs, in situ UV-visible, FT-IR spectroscopies, in situ resistivity measurements, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The charge-discharging behavior of a Zn/1 M ZnSO 4 /PIn cell with a capacity of around 90 Ah Kg −1 and on open circuit potential of around 1.45 V was compared with Zn/1 M ZnSO 4 /PIn-nanocomposite. The potential differences of redox couples (ΔE) for nanocomposites films show very good reversibility. A positive shift of potential was observed for polymer nanocomposites during redox scan. A significant variability was observed for in situ conductivity of the PIn and polymer nanocomposites. During in situ UV-visible and FT-IR measurements, intermediate spectroscopic behavior and positive shifts of wavelengths were observed for PIn and polymer nanocomposites. The SEM, TEM and EDX of nanocomposite films show the presence of nano particle in PIn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Adsorption of medetomidine on graphene was investigated. [•] This study describes powerful method for designating a logical electrochemical mechanism. [•] π-π interactions between the adsorbed molecules and graphene were investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Graphene is ideally suited for implementation in electrochemical applications due to its reported large electrical conductivity, large surface area, unique heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and low production cost. This paper presents a method for the construction of graphene paste electrode (GPE) from reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Direct electrochemical detection of drug is of high importance in analytical chemistry. Here, the GPE was successfully used for the determination of acetazolamide (ACZ). So, the influence of some experimental variables such as working solution pH, supporting electrolyte, scan rate, pulse amplitude, and possible interferences were studied. The proposed sensor exhibited a high sensitivity and good selectivity, and it was applied for clinical evaluation of ACZ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]