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Highlights: [•] The voltage drop follows the orders: U BP-A-C-BP > U BP-A-BP > U BP-C-BP. [•] Concentration follows the orders: C BP-C-BP > C BP-A-C-BP > C BP-A-BP. [•] Current efficiency follows the orders: ŋ BP-A-C-BP > ŋ BP-C-BP > ŋ BP-A-BP. [•] Energy consumption follows the orders: E BP-A-BP > E BP-A-C-BP > E BP-C-BP. [•] It is wise to choose BP-A-C-BP configuration for preparation the succinic acid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Response surface methodology was employed to model and optimize the electrodialysis process for Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) reclamation in coal-fired power plants. Predictive models were developed for simulation of different input parameters and responses of ED process. The model for responses was statistically verified by analysis of variance which generated a high coefficient of determination value. Moreover, regression analysis showed a good repeatability and agreement of the experimental data to a quadratic model. The optimum operating parameters were found to be 5.9 V of operational voltage, 1.19 m/s of flow rate and 74 min of time. And the corresponding energy consumption and desalination rate were 0.11 Wh/L and 75.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spacer geometries have a crucial effect on the hydrodynamics of spacer-filled channels in electrodialysis (ED) process, which are beneficial to mass transfer enhancement. Herein, a three-dimensional, isothermal, and steady flow model was developed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to illuminate the impacts of the spacer geometrical configurations on hydrodynamic behaviors in the spacer-filled channel for ED applications. Simultaneously, the finite element analysis method was employed to investigate the effects of spacer geometries on the velocity and pressure profiles. Furthermore, the normalized expenditure (NEXP) was introduced to acquire one comparable cost estimation index, which determined the optimal spacer geometries subserving the efficiency and economic competitiveness of ED process. Theoretical and techno-economic analysis validated that the optimal mesh parameters within the range of the test parameters were a cylindrical mesh, a filament diameter of 0.8 mm, a filament interval of 1.0 mm, a flow attack angle of 30°. Therefore, this work can provide a feasible strategy to visualize and quantitate the hydrodynamics in the spacer-filled channel and insight into the optimization of ED stack, potentially reducing the expenditure related to materials usage, energy consumption and test time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]