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Lithium-sulfur (Li−S) batteries are recognized as one of the most promising technologies with the potential to become the next-generation batteries. However, to ensure Li−S batteries reach commercialization, complex challenges remain, among which the tailoring of an appropriate electrolyte is the most important. This review discusses the role of electrolytes in Li−S batteries, focusing on the main issues and solutions for the shuttle mechanism of polysulfides and the instability of the interface with lithium metal. Herein, we present a background on Li−S chemistry followed by the state-of-the-art electrolytes highlighting the different strategies undertaken with liquid and solid electrolytes.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates to significantly exceed the energy densities of today's lithium-ion batteries. However, for their successful commercialization, an easily scalable production procedure is needed. The tape casting procedure herein described allows to process a composite cathode by using an inert (polyoleophine) binder, conductive carbon, β-Li3PS4 and Li1+x[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2]1-xO2. The inorganic electrolyte β-Li3PS4 layer is either coated onto the composite cathode or applied as a self-standing tape. In both cases a pressing step at room temperature is used to remove the porosity. Finally, a polymer electrolyte layer is added prior to the lithium metal anode to avoid the reaction between the latter and the inorganic solid electrolyte. Such dual-electrolyte, solid-state cells demonstrate good cycle performance and specific capacity. The type of conductive carbon in the composite cathode is seen to play a crucial role.