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In this paper, a wideband difierential phase shifter has been analyzed and designed using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The difierential phase shifter consists of two flxed main lines of length ‚/2, and parallel open and short stubs of length ‚/8, which are shunted at the edge points of the main lines, respectively. With the application of GA, an impedance match and minimum phase deviation for the desired phase shift over a wide frequency band are obtained. In order to verify the optimum results, simulation experiments are made and a 45 - phase shifter is fabricated and measured. The phase shifter exhibits an impedance bandwidth (jS11j < i10dB) and a consistent 45 - (§2 - ) phase difierence bandwidth around 66%.

In this paper, rules of air breakdown are studied and emphasis is put on the analysis and deduction of sneak time and breakdown threshold field intensity. It also shows the influence of propagation energy by different parameters.