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Rare earth elements have unique outer electronic structure, variable valence, and strong chemical activity; however, their occurrence state in the rust layer and influence on the invasion state of corrosion atoms are still unclear. Herein, using a combination of experiment and first‐principles calculation, the occurrence state of La in the rust layer of low‐alloy high strength steel, the phase composition, compactness and stability of the rust layer, and the invasion state of corrosion atoms before and after La alloying are studied. The results show that La exists in the corrosion products in the form of a solute atom. La increases the concentration of corrosion‐resistant elements Cr and Mo in the rust layer but does not change the phase composition. La is conducive to stabilizing Cl atoms in α‐FeOOH and β‐FeOOH, so as to protect the steel matrix from Cl. La atoms inhibit the dissolution of Cl atoms into γ‐FeOOH and Fe3O4 structures and hinder their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding Mott insulators and charge density waves (CDW) is critical for both fundamental physics and future device applications. However, the relationship between these two phenomena remains unclear, particularly in systems close to two-dimensional (2D) limit. In this study, we utilize scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to investigate monolayer 1T-NbSe2 to elucidate the energy of the Mott upper Hubbard band (UHB), and reveal that the spin-polarized UHB is spatially distributed away from the dz2 orbital at the center of the CDW unit. Moreover, the UHB shows a √3 × √3 R30° periodicity in addition to the typically observed CDW pattern. Furthermore, a pattern similar to the CDW order is visible deep in the Mott gap, exhibiting CDW without contribution of the Mott Hubbard band. Based on these findings in monolayer 1T-NbSe2, we provide novel insights into the relation between the correlated and collective electronic structures in monolayer 2D systems. The relationship between Mott state and charge density wave state in two dimensional materials remains unclear. Here, Liu et al. reveal spatial distribution of a Mott-Hubbard band in monolayer 1T-NbSe2 forming a new periodic pattern in addition to the well-known CDW pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two similar dithiafulvalene-fused conjugated polymers, with different donor–acceptor (D–A) structures, were synthesised. The polymers have different band gaps and stacking structures, as proven by the experimental results and computational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]