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The rubble mound (RM) breakwater, which is a prevalent coastal structure worldwide, often faces the significant challenge of tsunami-induced damage. Coastal regions which are characterized by high population density necessitate robust breakwaters to withstand the destructive forces of tsunamis. The most devastating natural hazard that a breakwater could encounter during its lifespan is the tsunami. Past occurrences have revealed vulnerabilities in conventional RM breakwaters leading to failures attributed to the scouring of rubble and seabed caused by excessive seepage during tsunami overflow events. This study presents novel countermeasures aimed at mitigating the potential failure mechanisms induced by tsunamis on RM breakwaters. The proposed countermeasure elements include gabions, crown walls equipped with shear keys, and sheet piles. To assess the efficacy of these innovations, a series of tsunami overflow tests was conducted on small-scale models. The results demonstrated a marked improvement in the stability and resilience of RM breakwaters against tsunamis with the incorporation of these countermeasures. Additionally, numerical simulations were performed to determine the precise mechanisms influencing the behavior of the breakwater during tsunamis. Practical Applications: This study introduces innovative techniques for enhancing the resilience of rubble mound breakwaters against tsunamis, which have significant implications for coastal protection and disaster mitigation efforts worldwide. By incorporating gabion-based countermeasures such as wire cages filled with rocks (gabions), crown walls with shear keys, and sheet piles, substantial improvements were observed in the stability and durability of rubble mound breakwaters during tsunami events. The proposed technique enabled the rubble mound breakwater to withstand Level 1 tsunamis without undergoing any deformations. For coastal communities facing the threat of tsunamis, implementing the proposed novel gabion-based techniques offers tangible benefits in terms of enhanced protection against catastrophic tsunamis. The proposed technique provides cost-effective and adaptable solutions to existing and newly constructed rubble mound breakwaters. Through practical application of the proposed technique, coastal engineers, policymakers, and disaster management agencies can effectively mitigate the risks posed by tsunamis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceh, a tsunami-ravaged region, illustrates the delicate balance between disaster preparedness and environmental sustainability. This study delves into the potential of pond land spatial quality improvement within watersheds as a bridge between these two objectives. Employing a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analyses were conducted. Stakeholders, including local community members, urban planners, and environmentalists, were engaged to comprehensively understand current practices, challenges, and opportunities in pond land spatial management within watersheds. Findings revealed that optimizing pond land spatial quality can play a dual role: enhancing the region's capacity to manage water flow during extreme events, thus aiding in disaster mitigation, and promoting ecological balance within the watershed. However, existing practices often conflict between economic development goals and environmental sustainability. Key recommendations include the promotion of community-based interventions, stricter land-use regulations, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of pond land use. The qualitative insights from Aceh underscore the potential of strategic pond land spatial management in watersheds as a holistic approach to disaster preparedness and environmental sustainability. By fostering a synergy between these two imperatives, regions like Aceh can work towards a resilient and sustainable future, setting a precedent for similar coastal areas worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, faces a high risk of natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Sulawesi Island, which frequently experiences disasters, is the focus of this research to analyze trends and map knowledge related to disaster mitigation. The aim of this research is to highlight the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies and identify areas that require further attention. The method used is bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer software, using Publish or Perish 8, of key terms in scientific literature. Data includes articles published between 2019 and 2024, with strict inclusion criteria to ensure relevance to disaster mitigation in Sulawesi. Research findings show that the four main types of disasters are floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. disaster mitigation in Sulawesi. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge and implementation of sustainable mitigation strategies, as well as the need for active involvement of local communities in mitigation programs. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of evaluating existing disaster mitigation programs and more effective development policies, which can increase community preparedness and resilience to disasters. It is hoped that this research can make a significant contribution to efforts to reduce disaster risk in the region, as well as encourage collaboration between government, institutions and society in improving disaster mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's geographical positioning along the 'Ring of Fire' exposes it to frequent seismic activities, making effective disaster mitigation education crucial. Current educational strategies may not adequately foster the necessary empathy and understanding among students regarding the socio-environmental impacts of disasters. This study aims to develop and evaluate a digital learning platform designed to enhance GeoCapabilities in students, particularly focusing on the social-environmental empathy dimension. The objective is to improve students' empathetic responses to disaster scenarios through integrated disaster mitigation pedagogy. Utilizing the design-based research method, this research involved a systematic blend of iterative development and evaluation phases to refine educational interventions. Data collection was achieved through a combination of qualitative feedback from students and quantitative pre-and post-test measures to assess empathy levels. Data analysis involved statistical testing to determine the effectiveness of the digital learning platform in enhancing empathetic capabilities among learners. The research reveals that the digital learning platform (D-Learning), significantly improves students' empathy towards disaster impacts. Students demonstrated a deeper understanding and emotional engagement with the content, highlighting an increase in their ability to empathize with affected communities. The findings suggest that the scalability of D-Learning can be tailored to different regions, providing a valuable tool for enhancing disaster preparedness worldwide. The integration of technology and empathy-focused pedagogy in disaster education could serve as a model for developing similar educational programs globally, aiming to foster a more resilient and empathetic future generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we focused on SoVI, the most widely used and referenced social vulnerability indicator and framework for quantitatively and spatially assessing social vulnerability related to disasters, presented some corresponding research trends, and discussed various aspects regarding the problems related to SoVI implementation in Japan. In general, the concept of vulnerability is theorized in disaster research as “highly vulnerable places and groups are more susceptible to disasters” and reportedly manifests in spatial differences related to damage occurrence and recovery situations. Multiple studies have previously recognized the importance of indexing social vulnerability to disasters from a comprehensive perspective and also examining their spatial distribution. However, only a few examples of its application in Japan are currently available. This is due to the fact that disaster mitigation policy in Japan generally involves hazard- and built environment-based risk distribution and welfare support for specific vulnerable individuals and groups as well as partly because of the limited availability of variables representing socio-economic conditions at the micro level in Japan. However, as indexing allows for regional and interannual comparisons of vulnerable geospatial areas, SoVI could therefore be positioned as a useful tool for visualizing potential disaster prevention challenges. Therefore, considering vulnerability based on both location and hazard-specific spatial assessment methods may help to make significant advances in this field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A significant number of disaster and emergency victims are children. Yet, many hospitals are ill-prepared to care for these patients during disasters, as identified by the National Pediatric Readiness Project's survey of hospital pediatric disaster plans. The Region V for Kids Center of Excellence created a self-assessment tool to help regions identify vulnerabilities and ways to enhance care for vulnerable children and families. Methods: Region V for Kids identified 9 key domains (eg, infrastructures and support mechanisms) that are important to safeguard children's and families' care during disasters. A self-assessment tool to assess these domains was distributed to 24 regional health care coalitions along with a 9-question usefulness survey. The self-assessment tool addressed 3 of the original domains, which have regional or national open-source databases and datapoints that health care coalitions can access for their responses. Results: The survey received a 50% response rate. Approximately 40% of respondents indicated they were "somewhat likely" to make changes based on data gathered by the tool. The original self-assessment tool was revised to create an expanded web-based version. Conclusions: Health care coalitions and localities can use this tool to evaluate pediatric preparedness, identify needed improvements, and improve outcomes for children, families, and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant vulnerability of Padang Pariaman District to potential tsunamis necessitates extensive mitigation efforts. This study attempts to delineate the steps included in disaster mitigation through the Disaster Resilient Village program as specified in the Regulation of the Head of National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) Number 1 of 2012. The program seeks to establish self-sufficient nagaris capable of anticipating and mitigating disaster impacts. Implementing both non-structural and structural mitigation measures through this program is a prudent decision to prepare for unforeseen calamities. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through interviews with 22 local community members and stakeholders as well as field observations. The findings indicate that the disaster resilience program has stagnated and failed to achieve optimal results. This is evident by the lack of substantial progress and monitoring in Katapiang, Seulayat Ulakan, and West Sunua Nagaris, which have been designated as part of the Disaster Resilient Village program in Padang Pariaman District. These findings serve as a reminder for the government and stakeholders to prioritize the implementation of disaster mitigation initiatives, considering the unpredictable nature of disaster timing and intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important themes in the issue of urban ecology is how to build a resilient urban society. Urban resilience is defined as the capacity of a city's individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems to survive, adapt, and grow against continuous stress and major shocks. However, efforts to communicate the various urban resilience programs still need to be improved. This study aims to develop a campaign medium and dissemination of flood disaster mitigation programs through visual communication approaches in the form of graphic novel. This graphic novel narrates the activities of one of the disaster preparedness communities in carrying out flood disaster mitigation actions in the city of Surakarta, Indonesia. This graphic novel's creation applied a codesign method, meaning that the process involves all stakeholders in the flood mitigation program (especially community members). The codesign method implemented its three principles: collaborative, inclusive, and people-centered. The application of the codesign method in creating the graphic novel has responded to and considered the local community's social and cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the top-down Chinese political system, flood management has traditionally been led by the government, with the general public playing a supporting role. Within this context, individual-level disaster prevention behaviors are strongly interacted with the governmentpublic collaboration during the government-led flood management processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how government-public collaboration affects individuals' flood mitigation responses in China. An online survey data with 550 respondents from the Yellow River Delta area was examined with regard to the individuals' willingness to take positive mitigation actions, and ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to explore the influence of the government-public collaboration factors, which are digested into three aspects: public involvement, public awareness and political trust, that motivate individuals to take flood mitigation measures. The results demonstrate that public involvement and political trust are positively correlated with the likelihood of individuals' adopting positive mitigation actions, while public awareness and selfreported preparedness were also positively correlated, although to a less significant degree. This study contributes to the current literature by increasing the understanding of how government-public collaboration determines individual mitigation actions in the Chinese collectivist cultural environment. The results of this study reveal that involving the public effectively and earnestly through various forms of community engagement are likely to promote individual-level disaster prevention behaviors, from this point of view, can help policymakers to guide local residents towards taking responsible flood risk management and preventative actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviews the progress of disaster mitigation measures against tropical cyclones (TCs) in three Asian countries with different historical, social, and economic backgrounds: Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Japan. In Bangladesh, an average of 6,600 people was killed by a single TC in the 1960s, but this number had decreased to 30 in the 2010s; this reduction was due to a clear improvement in soft measures, such as weather forecasting, warning systems, and mass evacuation coordinated by volunteers. In Vietnam, several strong TCs have recently made landfall, leading to improvements in national disaster management. Although Vietnam's current disaster management budget is smaller than those of the two other countries, large-scale evacuation by local authorities is believed to have minimized casualties. In Japan, shortly after Typhoon Vera in 1959, a comprehensive law on disaster prevention was enacted, and coastal dikes were constructed nationwide, resulting in a considerable reduction in fatalities due to TCs. However, the disaster prevention facilities built in this period are now deteriorating, while Japan's budget for disaster management is projected to be decreasing. The three countries have advanced their disaster preparedness in response to past TCs and storm surges, but new challenges have also arisen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2000 to 2020, storm surges occurred 397 times in China, resulting in direct economic losses of up to CNY 220.64 billion. Storm surges not only threaten safety but also cause property damage; hence, it is necessary to assess the changes in vulnerability to storm surges in order to understand how to reduce said vulnerability. Fifteen coastal cities of four types were chosen, with different levels of urban development, rapid expansion of impervious surface, high extent of agricultural land, and high fishery output value. Viewing vulnerability through the dimensions of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability, a GIS and RS were used to evaluate and assess the vulnerability in 15 coastal cities in China over the past 30 years. The results indicated that the vulnerability of these 15 Chinese cities presented the characteristics of a continuous downward trend from 1990 to 2020, and the average rate of reduction in vulnerability over the 10 years from 2005 to 2015 was the highest, at 2.23%. The areas of high vulnerability shifted from the southern region to the northern region. The vulnerabilities in the southern region, with Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Dongguan, changed significantly, to 3.30%, 3.20%, and 3.45%, respectively. An important factor in determining vulnerability reductions is a city's ability to adapt to storm surges. Coastal cities can improve their adaptability to storm surge disasters through general public budget expenditure, investment in fixed assets, GDP, and medical and health services, thereby alleviating their vulnerability. Due to China's frequent storm surge disasters during the 2005–2015 period, government departments have strengthened the investment of relevant resources in adaptive indicators, ultimately causing the cities' vulnerability to rapidly decrease during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's geographical condition is vulnerable to geological changes and prone to natural disasters. The Indonesian Government has made various efforts to reduce disaster risk by developing disaster-safe education units. Disaster education will be effective if it is integrated into the curriculum in the school subjects such as social studies from an early age. This study aims to provide ideas for implementing disaster mitigation learning for high school students based on the concept of Merdeka belajar in the digital age. To better understand disaster preparedness under the concepts of Merdeka belajar, we thoroughly examined the relevant databases. It was carried out within the education framework put out by Ki Hadjar Dewantara (1889-1959), Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841), and Jan Komensky (1592-1670). Given that Indonesia has at least 13 disaster threats whose risks vary depending on the region, it is crucial to understand the local wisdom in disaster mitigation. This content is available in high school phases' natural and social sciences subjects (ilmu pengetahuan alam dan sosial, IPAS). This research is crucial to successfully improve the teaching-learning quality to meet the needs of the Pancasila student profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of the mudflow disaster in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, which is still being felt by the community since 2006 until now, sets a background against which this review of disaster mitigation efforts that have been carried out so far is conducted. This study aims to find out the community response to disaster mitigation efforts that have been carried out in the hope that the programs remain evaluable, more targeted and more relevant to community needs. This research was conducted by a survey method using questionnaires and interviews and by quantitativedescriptive research data analysis. The results showed that the level of community understanding of disaster mitigation was very good, and the community participation was quite good, but the relevance of the mitigation activities conducted was felt to be still not meeting the community expectations and they have to achieve a desirable level of sustainability. Therefore, a greater level of community involvement in mitigation activities is required to create disaster preparedness and resilient villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural disasters are becoming more common in Indonesia, and their severity is increasing. To meet the challenges of updating disaster mitigation and rehabilitation capabilities, more innovative or better technology is required. In an effort to mitigate and overcome disasters, an innovation known as Simpul Pena has been developed. Simpul Pena is an information system for the control and operational center for disaster management in the regional disaster management agency (BPBD) in Wajo Regency. This study applied a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations and document review. Interviews were conducted with the Head of BPBD Wajo Regency and the Head of the Emergency and Logistics Division, while observations were carried out to gain an understanding of the process of implementing public service innovations at the BPBD Wajo Regency. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Simpul Pena innovation was effective and there has been consistency in its application. The impact of Simpul Pena was measured using five factors that can contribute to the success of innovation: leadership, management/organization, risk management, human resources, and technology. Disaster information system services were carried out through Simpul Pena via access to WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram, resulting in integrated, coordinated, efficient and effective disaster management, as well as a significant increase in community participation in disaster management. The role of leadership was the most influential factor in shaping an innovative culture and behavior so that the organization continued to improve in developing service innovations to meet the challenges faced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to call for change in disaster research through a metis-based approach that values practical skills and knowledge (vs technical knowledge) derived from responding to ongoing changes in the natural and human environment. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on metis from Miami-Dade County that is prone to an array of climate-related disasters. Metis is supplemented by a review of secondary sources (e.g. newspaper articles, government reports). Findings: There is a need to reconceptualize disaster phases in disaster research—preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation. For many members of marginalized communities of color, this paper depicts preparedness and mitigation as luxuries and response as a time of worry about financial obligations and survival after the disaster. It suggests that even communities that are not on a hurricane's path could have post-disaster experiences. It also highlights ongoing risks to marginalized communities' physical and mental well-being that are in addition to the mental health impacts of the disaster during the recovery phase. Originality/value: This paper's originality is twofold: (1) underlining the importance of metis, a less studied and understood concept in disaster risk reduction, prevention and management literature and (2) questioning disaster researchers' technical knowledge with respect to each of the four disaster phases in light of metis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community participation has grown in prominence in mitigating disasters globally. It involves the active involvement in search and rescue to reconstruction that people affected by disasters undertake unsolicited. Predictive power in disaster recovery has further increased its relevance. However, quantitative analysis that community participation has on disaster mitigation measures is scant. The study analyses community participation's impact on disaster mitigation measures following the Kochi flood of 2018 and 2019 in India. We use a Multivariate Probit Regression model with a sample size of 750 to analyse the relationship between disaster mitigation measures (namely, disaster event planning, previous experience, following disaster-related news closely, and neighbourhood relationship) and community participation. The results show participants who were active in community events were 23% more likely to adopt all the disaster mitigation measures than those who did not. In addition, households with special needs members were more likely to be prepared for an unanticipated event. The results also showed higher education levels directly correlated to implementing more significant disaster mitigation measures. Implications for government policy formation include schemes to enhance community rehabilitation and promote social participation to mitigate future disaster events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Youth and young adults, ages 15–29, have been identified as assets in mitigation and management for natural disasters around the world. This study reviews the literature on disaster mitigation, response, and recovery following natural disasters with a focus on the engagement of youth and young adults. Methods: The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) scoping review model was used to broadly summarize existing literature. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using several databases. Keywords and index terms were searched using four concepts: (a) age (e.g., youth, young adult), (b) participation type (e.g., engagement, participation), (c) natural disaster type (e.g., hurricane, tsunami), and (d) disaster response type (e.g., planning, mitigation). Results: The search yielded 214 articles published between 1990 and 2021. Of these articles, 19 met inclusion criteria. Identified literature focused on youth and young adults' mitigation and recovery efforts responding to natural disasters in several different countries. Themes of young people's participation or youth‐led efforts focused on community mobilization and resilience (n = 5), youth empowerment and policy advocacy (n = 2), communication technology (n = 2), education‐community partnerships (n = 9), and postdisaster rescue efforts (n = 1). Conclusions: With a changing climate and increased weather‐related natural disasters, as well as in the context of a global health pandemic, community‐based groups would benefit from learning from international efforts to engage young people in disaster mitigation and recovery efforts especially as it relates to promoting mental health and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chain of Survival in Industrial Emergencies and Disasters is similar to the cardiac arrest chain of survival of the American Heart Association (AHA) and the trauma chain of survival. It is a sequence of five inter-linked rings, which when practiced, decreases the mortality and morbidity in the concerned population. The first ring is Early Prevention, which should be a combined effort of healthcare professionals and industrial authorities. The second ring is Early Recognition. Industrial workers and surrounding communities should be equally trained in hazard and risk analysis along with vulnerability assessment. The third ring is Access to Care by the Early Response System, involving a universal emergency response number and early intervention by on-site trained medical professionals. This ring emphasizes the importance of a link with the surrounding communities, as they are the first responders and the front-line victims. The fourth ring is Early Advanced Care by EMS for transportation to hospitals or by Emergency Department personnel in referral hospitals. The fifth and the last ring is Early Rehabilitation, which includes integrated post emergency care, overall rehabilitation and early return to work. The key to successful implementation of Chain of Survival is to have identified components of care, training and quality monitoring. When practiced diligently, this could help prevent industrial disasters, and mitigate their harmful effects on occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Climate change and global warming pose a serious threat to the community as deglaciating environments trigger glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). The Sendai framework underpins the role of disaster risk reduction (DRR) for sustainable development, thereby calling for the development of GLOF hazard and risk assessment procedures. This study aims to delineate the enablers of GLOF risk and establish a contextual relationship between them. Design/methodology/approach: The risk enablers are identified from the extant GLOF literature, and the experts from disaster management area are consulted to explore the underlying contextual relationship among them. An interpretive structural model is developed from the responses to analyze the contextual relationships among the risk enablers. Findings: The interpretive structural modeling results manifest that seismic activity, temperature and precipitation events, and proximity are key drivers that trigger flash floods from the lakes and an effective assessment of these triggers may contribute significantly to GLOF risk mitigation. Originality/value: The study models the complex relationship among the risk enablers for a glacial flood hazard that find commonality across all geographic contexts. The findings provide the practitioners of DRR useful insights into these factors and their subsequent impact on others, while conducting hazard assessment of glacial lakes that may contribute to the sustainable development of settlements lying downstream to glacial lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods are one of hazards that periodically occur in Surakarta, Indonesia. This flooding has caused damage to road infrastructure, disrupted socioeconomic activities of the community, and disturbed road traffic. However, there is no ongoing disaster management to minimize the risk. Mitigation activity is an important component in the disaster management that is needed to minimize the impact of flooding. Spatial analysis and modelling is part of disaster mitigation as it can be used to predict the spatial extent of floods. The purpose of this study is to develop a spatial model of flooding using the rational modification method. The stages in this research include creating flood evaluation model, model validation, and model visualization. This study used secondary data accompanied by field observations. The datasets consist of rainfall data, slope, vegetation cover, soil type, area, surface storage, water infiltration volume, and drainage capacity. All data was then analysed by descriptive quantitative techniques. For the flood modelling, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used with two scenarios namely A and B. Based on the results of scenario A with a rainfall intensity of 93.2 mm/hour, and scenario B with a rainfall intensity of 136.6 mm/hour, the flooding occurred throughout Surakarta. In addition, the results of the Focus Group Discussion with the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Surakarta City found that hydrological data modelling had not been utilized in making drainage channels for flood prevention, which eventually resulted in floods still occurring during the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster preparedness is an absolute prerequisite for the development of disaster risk reduction. This means that there is no awareness of danger disaster, then the high possibility of both physical and material losses is an inevitable matter. It is a must for humans to be sensitive and care for various possible disasters that can occur in the vicinity stay. Education on disaster mitigation needs to be introduced to the community. This is important to create residents who are responsive and ready for disaster. This paper aims to develop learning media supported by the use of smartphones to increase literacy about volcanic eruption disaster mitigation. This study using research and development with the 4D model. The results of this development are mobile encyclopedia packaged in a smartphone application as a media for volcanic eruption disaster mitigation education. Media and material validation show that the product being developed is very good and worth testing. Besides, the results of media validation by indicator: attracting attention, interactivity, presentation of learning material, feedback, quality of learning, training showed benefits and students were enthusiastic in learning using this media. This product can be an alternative media for the 21stcentury that applies mobile in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a sense of urgency and utmost care for careful disaster management to encourage disaster preparedness for museums and archives.x In particular, this study examines the techniques and methods to be used for response and recovery from different disasters to save valuable resources. Design/methodology/approach: A thorough review of literature was done to identify existing plans, strategies, preparedness and management of archives and museums. On the basis of the knowledge and experience gained, it was decided to use a descriptive method for this study. Among the different data collection modes available in the descriptive method, the study framed a structured questionnaire for the collection of data. Thereafter, the questionnaire was tested for loopholes by conducting a pilot study. The questionnaire evolved as such was used to collect data from select archives and museums. The collected data has been tabulated and analyzed in tune with the set objectives. The findings of this study have been correlated with relevant findings and conclusions of previous studies in this domain to provide a better overview and sanctify the revelations further. Findings: From the current study, the authors find that the topological location of most of the institutions is near or on river banks which is the cause of concern at the time of heavy rains, after heavy snow fall and at the time of floods. It was also found that the majority of these institutions are located near highways which is also a serious concern in terms of noise, smoke, dust and vibrations produced by the plying of different types of transports on these highways. These kinds of unwanted disturbances create a negative atmosphere on the holdings, visitors and staff of these institutions.Although all of the institutions have apparently strong looking buildings that are made up of good material, the matter of concern is that only one institution (SPS museum) has a building which was specifically made for the purpose. As the state of Jammu and Kashmir is politically and geographically unstable, it is found that most of the institutions are prone to disasters like floods, earthquake and bomb threats which pose a threat to these valuable institutions and their valuable holdings.The most necessary and important parameter that is the training of the staff for disaster preparedness is not provided in majority of these institutions.Despite the fact that funds for majority of these institutions are provided by the government, the funds provided are insufficient for having fool-proof disaster preparedness and management. Research limitations/implications: Because of tremendous significance of archives and museums in propagation and preservation of historical and cultural identity of any nation, culture, ethnicity or nation state, the current study sheds light on the status of these important institutions in a very important part of Central Asia. Kashmir in past has been the cradle of knowledge evolution and sharing in the region. As such, it possesses some of the very rare manuscripts and artifacts preserved in her archives and museums. Practical implications: As this study is limited to select archives and museums of Jammu and Kashmir, the findings of this study may or may not represent the wider region of Central Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How decentralized government structure influences public service delivery has been a major focus of debate in the public finance literature. In this paper, we empirically examine the effect of fiscal decentralization on natural disaster damages across the U.S. states. We construct a unique measure of decentralization using state and local government expenditures on natural resources, which include investment in flood control and mitigation measures, among others. Using state‐level panel data from 1982 to 2011, we find that states that are more decentralized in natural resource expenditures have experienced more economic losses from floods and storms. This effect is only pronounced in states that are at higher risks of flooding. Our findings suggest that fiscal decentralization may lead to inefficient protection against natural disasters and provide implications for the assignment of disaster management responsibilities across different levels of government in the U.S. federal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The World Bosai Forum/International Disaster Risk Conference in Sendai," or just "World Bosai Forum" has been held every two years since 2017. The theme of this forum regards what is needed to create "the opportunity" and "the idea" among and between humans and things, how to attract the attention of various stakeholders inside and outside the country in terms of disaster prevention and mitigation, and contributing to discussions on international strategies for disaster prevention. This paper considers how the World Bosai Forum should be by comparing the World Bosai Forum 2017 and the World Bosai Forum 2019, including aspects like their participants and content, to further contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation inside and outside the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Linbeiken area is located in the village of Pingding, Taiwan. Since the Mindulle and Aere Typhoons in 2004, and as a result of the landslide triggered by the continuous heavy rainfall on 9 June 2006, there has been a persistent collapse of side slopes in the area. This paper describes the equipment that was installed to collect on-site topographic and hydrological information in the Linbeiken area upstream of the Pingding River and to monitor changes in the landslide area, as well as the measurements that were collected during the 2008 Typhoon Sinlaku. A case study of a landslide in Pingding, Taiwan was used to monitor the accurate coordinate changes in the potential landslide areas during typhoons. The goal of this study was to establish warning indexes, and to strengthen the software and hardware at the local disaster response center in the hope of gaining a full idea of the surface movement in landslide areas in future flood seasons. This is important for boosting the preparedness to adapt to landslide hazards, for improving disaster warnings, and for reporting efficiently to better protect the lives and property of local residents. The results show that the landslide disaster monitoring and warning system in Taiwan, as applied during Typhoon Sinlaku in 2008, is both effective and comprehensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a two-stage stochastic integer programming model is developed with a centralized planning perspective to simultaneously address mitigation and response decisions in humanitarian logistics, where the mitigation decisions involve both building and transportation infrastructure retrofitting. The objective is to minimize the total cost of retrofitting, relief item transportation and relief item shortage under a limited mitigation budget. Due to the excessive number of binary decision variables, solving the model becomes computationally difficult. Therefore, we propose Lagrangean relaxation to decouple the overall model and solve it by Lagrangean heuristics. Computational results indicate the efficiency of the solution approaches in providing high quality feasible solutions to problem instances of realistic size and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia is prone to natural disasters. The loss from natural disasters that occurred was quite large, both in the economic, social and tourism sectors. This requires a company, non-governmental organization (NGO) and the Government to work together to prepare, respond to, and design new effective disaster management strategies. This study aims to determine disaster mitigation efforts and their relationship to cultural tourism areas. Data were collected through literature studies, in-depth interviews, and observations. This study aims to explore disaster mitigation efforts and their links to cultural tourism areas. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through literature studies, in-depth interviews, and observations. The study found that disaster mitigation in Segenter Indigenous Village consists of structural and non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation is based on mechanical mitigation dimensions. Meanwhile, non-structural mitigation includes dimensions of knowledge, values, decision-making mechanisms, and group solidarity. The communities seek disaster mitigation with local knowledge and education or direction from outsiders. The Segenter Indigenous Village community is open to all input as long as it has a positive impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On May 3, 2016, a wildfire swept into the city of Fort McMurray, Alberta. This natural disaster was significant in both its scale and impact, as the fire prompted a sudden onset evacuation of 88,000 persons. As we reflect on the 150th Commemoration of Canada's confederation, this 2016 natural disaster ranks as Canada's most costly disaster. The fire resulted in over $3.5 billion in insured losses. Approximately 2400 buildings were destroyed. In looking towards the future, climate change impacts are expected to cause wildfires that will be progressively worse. This paper explores the Fort McMurray wildfire through the lens of the four pillars of emergency management: response, recovery, mitigation, and preparedness. By exploring aspects of Canada's most recent mass evacuation, the country can better ready itself for a future where fire will be one of the primary natural disasters reshaping Canadian landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes have become more common in Oklahoma. In the face of new hazards, previous studies suggest that communities should incorporate resilience strategies into their planning in order to cope with emerging hazards. Due to their novelty, particularly in relation to other hazards in the state, we know little about how emergency managers are planning for earthquakes. This research uses in-depth interviews to explore how key stakeholders in local governments are adjusting to this newfound risk across the state. In general, participants describe utilising strategies that reinforce the status quo, rather than building resiliency in response to the shaking. We conclude with recommendations for how local governments can build more resilient communities when faced with new hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster mitigation as a pre-disaster measure within the scope of disaster risk management is significant in the sense of reducing the adverse effects of earthquakes in the context of earthquake-sensitive risk planning. In the urban planning context, the existence of numerous decision makers and alternatives, which are depending on many criteria, makes decision-making process difficult. This difficulty was overcomed through geographical information systems (GIS). In the context of GIS-based multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis, we used analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to determine earthquake-risky areas in Yalova City Center. First, AHP analysis related to geological and superstructure/infrastructure criteria was conducted and two separate AHP maps were obtained. Then, we conducted TOPSIS analysis to consider both criteria in the sense of earthquake risk-sensitive planning. Then, overall earthquake risk map obtained which could be used as an input for disaster mitigation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic and policy literatures on urban climate resilience tend to emphasize 'good planning' as the primary means for addressing the growing risk of flooding in Asia's coastal megacities. Cities have come to rely on disaster and climate resilience plans to future‐proof their landscapes and protect vulnerable populations. Yet while data is collected, models are built and plans are drafted, environmentally destructive development practices continue unabated and often unchallenged. This article examines and seeks to explain the contradictions between a growing awareness of the risks of climate‐induced flooding in resilience plans and the continuation of development practices widely acknowledged to exacerbate those risks. It analyzes these contradictions in the context of Mumbai and Kolkata, India's largest coastal cities, which are facing the severest threats from climate‐induced flooding. Based on analyses of key resilience planning documents and both planned and unplanned developments in some of Mumbai's and Kolkata's most ecologically sensitive areas, our analysis reveals that resilience planning, promoted by the central government and international consultants, and presented in locally produced 'fantasy plans', fails to address the risks of climate‐change‐related flooding owing to tendencies to sidestep questions of politics, power and the distributional conflicts that shape urban development. We conclude that efforts to reduce urban flood risk would benefit from the research, methods and analytic concepts used to critically study cities, but significant gaps remain between these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marked increase in the awareness of earthquake risk following the Canterbury earthquakes in New Zealand offered a unique opportunity to investigate the economic effect of disaster-mitigation regulations on the commercial building stock. A difference-in-differences (DD) framework was used to determine whether earthquake risk has been capitalized into the property prices of buildings constructed prior to 1976, as a response to the national policy requiring assessment and strengthening (or demolition) of the existing earthquake-prone building stock. A negative externality is found in the policy announcement on affected (pre-1970s) office and retail buildings which caused office buildings to suffer a 12.5% stigma discount. However, retail properties were less impacted suffering a 2.3% stigma loss. The value of the commercial building stock has been affected by the policy. These findings provide policy-makers with timely evidence as to the economic effects of New Zealand’s earthquake-prone buildings policy. Facing losses in property value and financial responsibility for retrofitting their assets, building owners will be looking for a workable set of regulatory and non-regulatory incentives to encourage disaster risk management and protect the built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based strategies for coastal protection against marine disasters have become a global trend. Over the past decade, marine ecological protection and restoration efforts in China have made exceptional progress. This study begins by outlining China's insurance policies on marine ecological protection, such as marine protected areas, marine ecological redline systems, bay chief systems, and marine ecological restoration practices, including the Blue Bay projects, comprehensive management of the Bohai Sea, coastal zone protection and restoration projects, and a special plan for mangrove protection and restoration. The synergy between ecological protection and disaster mitigation has been proposed as a nature-based conception of disaster prevention and mitigation with a holistic and systematic approach. This approach is conducive to balanced ecosystem restoration, disaster prevention, and mitigation. Finally, several potentialities are proposed to facilitate the development of a nature-based integrated coastal protection system in China. More focus should be placed on researching and improving new science for coastal ecological protection, enhancing the early warning and monitoring mechanisms of coastal ecosystems, promoting the organisation of legislative mechanisms for coastal construction and management, and enhancing the dissemination of coastal ecology and disaster mitigation science. • China's policies on marine ecological protection were analyzed. • Practices of marine ecological restoration were discussed. • The synergy between coastal ecology and disaster mitigation is systematically articulated. • Prospects of marine ecological protection and restoration in China are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]