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Existen estudios que relacionan Burnout y Empatía, sin embargo, no contemplan variables sociodemográficas externas como las incluidas en esta investigación; tampoco se han analizado con respecto a Grados de Exposición al COVID-19. El objetivo principal de este estudio es identificar si existe una relación entre Grados de Exposición al COVID-19, Burnout, Empatía Cognitiva y Empatía Afectiva. En esta investigación participaron 120 personas, elegidas a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional y voluntario. Para medir el Burnout se utilizó el Screening Inventory (BSI: Dávila y Nevado, 2016), mientras que la Empatía fue evaluada a través del Empathy Quotient (EQ: Redondo y Herrero-Fernández, 2018). Grados de Exposición al COVID-19 se midió con una subescala de un instrumento desarrollado por Herbas (2020) que mide factores que inciden en la adopción de comportamientos que reducen el contagio del virus. Los resultados no muestran correlaciones entre el Burnout con los ingresos económicos o ambos tipos de Empatía. No obstante, existen correlaciones positivas y significativas entre Empatía Afectiva y Grados de Exposición al COVID-19 en profesionales de la salud (r = .66, p< .05), entre Empatía Cognitiva y Empatía Afectiva (r = .46, p < .01) y entre ingresos económicos y Grados de Exposición al COVID-19 (r = .20, p

La autorregulación de contenidos consiste en otor-gar protagonismo al integrante de cada grupo que interactúa en internet, para ello, se establecen re-glas de conductas propias destinadas a la protec-ción interna ante actos contrarios a los estipulados. La metodología utilizada se enfocó en el paradig-ma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descripti-vo, método deductivo, diseño no experimental y de corte transeccional. Se aplicó el cuestionario a 135 estudiantes universitarios peruanos, quienes parti-ciparon activamente y manifestaron su percepción respecto a la práctica del sexting, obteniéndose como resultado que existe un nivel alto de empatía por las víctimas de esta práctica que origina vulne-ración de derechos de la persona, específicamente a su honor y reputación. The self-regulation of content consists of giving pro-minence to the member of each group that interacts on the internet, for this, rules of their own conduct are established for internal protection against acts contrary to those stipulated. The methodology used was focused on the positivist paradigm, quantitative approach, descriptive type, deductive method, non-experimental and transectional design. The ques-tionnaire was applied to 135 Peruvian university stu-dents, who actively participated and expressed their perception regarding the practice of sexting, obtai-ning as a result that there is a high level of empathy for the victims of this practice that originates violation of the rights of the person, specifically to his honor and reputation. Campus Piura

SB-C was funded by the Autism Research Trust, the Wellcome Trust, the Templeton World Charitable Foundation, and the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge, during the period of this work. SB-C received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 777394. The JU receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA and AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI. The research conducted by SB-C was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, or Department of Health and Social Care., Introduction: The literature has demonstrated how the relationship between cognitive or emotional intelligence and age exhibits an inverted-U-shape and that this decline can be mitigated by an individual’s cognitive reserve (CR). Rather less is known, however, about the pattern of changes in cognitive empathy or the ability to recognize the thoughts or feelings of others. Objectives: The aim of the present study was firstly to analyze the effect of age, gender, and CR (measured through educational level), on the capacity to show cognitive empathy. Secondly, we aimed to evaluate what type of relationship—linear or quadratic—exists between age and cognitive empathy. We finally aimed to analyze the moderator role of educational level on the relationship between age and cognitive empathy. Participants: Totally, 902 Spanish adults aged between 18 and 79 years (M= 43.53, SD = 11.86; 57% women). Measurements: Participants were asked to indicate their educational level (primary, high school, or college education) and their cognitive empathy was assessed using the Eyes test. Results: Women scored higher than men on cognitive empathy. Participants with a college education had higher scores on cognitive empathy than those with a lower educational level. Additionally, the relationship between age and cognitive empathy fit an inverted-U-shaped curve, consistent with the data found for cognitive and emotional intelligence. Finally, the age-related decrease in cognitive empathy appeared to be mitigated by a higher educational level, but only in those individuals aged 35 years and above. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed., Autism Research Trust, Wellcome Trust, Templeton World Charitable Foundation, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Cambridge, Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) 777394, European Commission, EFPIA, AUTISM SPEAKS, Autistica, SFARI, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East of England at Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust

En los últimos años hemos podido observar como la mujer y su situación de desigualdad social ante los hombres ha dado lugar a numerosos movimientos, como forma de reivindicación a esta situación, sobre todo, ante la situación de maltrato a la que algunas mujeres están sometidas por parte de estos, lo que ha hecho posible una mayor visibilización de este problema, la violencia de género. Por esto, ha hecho crecer la necesidad de estudiar la intervención con maltratadores, donde encontramos que un factor transversal y constante es la empatía. Este estudio es un Proyecto Piloto, en el cual el objetivo principal es examinar el rol de la empatía sobre la conducta en un grupo de 42 varones adultos. Esto se pretende a través del análisis de las valencias emocionales en el reconocimiento facial de las emociones y la consistencia entre las pruebas realizadas. Para ello se utilizaron diferentes instrumentos, como la batería de imágenes de Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF), el Test de la Mirada, y dos cuestionarios de empatía (TECA e IRI). En los resultados se obser ó que algunas características empáticas, como la Adopción de Perspectivas, facilitaba la velocidad de reacción ante determinadas emociones, como la alegría o el enfado, mientras que la eficacia en el reconocimiento emocional parece ser influenciada por la Preocupación Empática. Así pues, en el ámbito clínico, el conocimiento de que determinados trastornos de personalidad se encuentran afectados con déficits empáticos puede contribuir a un diagnostico e intervención más adecuados. Además, en el ámbito cognitivo, la evidencia de que diferentes variables empáticas influyen en el reconocimiento de emociones puede aportar el desarrollo de modelos teóricos que expliquen el fenómeno de forma más clara y concisa. In recent years we have been able to observe how women and their situation of social inequality before men has given rise to numerous movements, as a form of vindication to this situation, above all, in the face of the situation of mistreatment to which some women are submitted by these, which has made possible a greater visibility of this problem, gender violence. For this reason, it has increased the need to study intervention with abusers, where we find that a transversal and constant factor is empathy. This study is a Pilot Project, in which the main objective is to examine the role of empathy on behavior in a group of 42 adult males. This is intended through the analysis of the emotional valences in the facial recognition of the emotions and the consistency between the tests performed. For this purpose, different instruments were used, such as the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) imagery battery, the Mirada Test, and two empathy questionnaires (TECA and IRI). in the results it was observed that some empathic characteristics, such as the Adoption of Perspectives, facilitated the speed of reaction to certain emotions, such as joy or anger, while the effectiveness in emotional recognition seems to be influenced by the Empathic Concern. Thus, in the clinical setting, the knowledge that certain personality disorders are affected by empathic deficits can contribute to a more adequate diagnosis and intervention. In addition, in the cognitive field, the evidence that different empathic variables influence the recognition of emotions can contribute to the development of theoretical models that explain the phenomenon in a clearer and more concise way. Psicología

Este estudo teve como principal objetivo traduzir e adaptar para língua portuguesa o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal para Casais (IRIC), analisando as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa. Esse é um instrumento de avaliação da empatia em casais, que resultou da adaptação de uma das mais usadas escalas de empatia, o Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal de Davis, para o contexto das relações íntimas. O IRIC avalia dimensões de empatia cognitiva (tomada de perspetiva) e emocional (preocupação empática), importantes para a estabilidade e satisfação das relações conjugais. A escala original foi traduzida para português e administrada a 148 sujeitos que estavam numa relação amorosa há pelo menos um ano. A maioria dos sujeitos eram mulheres com uma média de idades de 27 anos. Os resultados revelam uma estrutura fatorial semelhante à escala original, valores adequados de consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,82) e bons níveis de validade externa com uma escala de ajustamento diádico., The main objective of this study was to translate and adapt the Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples (IRIC) to Portuguese, and analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version. This instrument that assesses empathy in couples, resulted from the adaptation of one of the most widely used empathy scales - Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index - for the context of intimate relationships. The IRIC assesses dimensions of cognitive (perspective taking) and emotional (empathic concern) empathy, both essential for stable and satisfactory marital relationships. The original scale was translated to Portuguese and administered to 148 participants involved in an intimate relationship with a minimum duration of one year. Most of the participants were women, with a mean age of 27 years old. Our results revealed the Portuguese version has a factorial structure similar to the original version, adequate internal consistency values (Cronbach's α=.82), and good external validity with a scale of dyadic adjustment.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica. A empatia é um construto que poderá estar intrinsecamente relacionado com a defesa do mundo justo e, consequentemente, com as estratégias de vitimização (Correia et al., 2012; Van den Bos et al., 2009/2015; Mendonça et al., 2016). A literatura, tem já demonstrado que a competência empática está alicerçada a diversos tipos de comportamentos menos aceitáveis “aos olhos” da sociedade. Posto isto, o presente estudo experimental pretende aferir o impacto do comportamento desviante juvenil, da crença no mundo justo e da perceção de inocência da vítima na vitimização secundária. Ainda aliada a esta hipótese, pretendemos compreender de que forma a empatia medeia a relação destas variáveis na vitimização secundária. Tivemos ainda em conta a análise da relação entre o comportamento desviante dos adolescentes, tanto com a identificação à vítima, como também, com a situação de vitimização vivida pela mesma. Avaliámos uma amostra constituída por 249 estudantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 20 anos de idade. Através do modelo de mediação, foi possível aferir a existência da total mediação da empatia cognitiva na relação entre os comportamentos desviantes e a vitimização secundária. O que sugere que quanto menos a empatia se manifesta mais desvio se evidencia nos jovens e, consequentemente, mais estes recorrem a estratégias de vitimização secundária. Compreendeu-se ainda que, a forma como os participantes percecionaram a vítima, se correlaciona com a forma como estes manifestam a sua empatia e, por conseguinte, a vitimizam mais de forma secundária. Não se encontraram efeitos de interação significativos da crença no mundo justo. ABSTRACT: Empathy is a construct that may be intrinsically related to the defence of the Just World and, consequently, to victimisation strategies (Correia et al., 2012; Van den Bos et al., 2015; Mendonça et al., 2016). Literature has already demonstrated that empathic competence is rooted in a variety of behaviours that are less acceptable on the eyes of society. Ultimately, the present experimental study intends to assess the impact of juvenile deviant behaviour, the belief in the Just World and the victim's perception of innocence in secondary victimisation. Still allied to this hypothesis, we intend to understand how empathy mediates the relationship of these variables in secondary victimisation. We have also taken into account the analysis of the relationship between the deviant behaviour of adolescents, both with the identification to the victim, and also the victimisation situation experienced by the victim. Our sample, consisted of 249 students, aged between 13 and 20 years old. Through the mediation model, it was possible to assess the existence of total mediation of cognitive empathy in the relationship between deviant behaviours and secondary victimisation. What suggests that the less empathy manifests, the more deviation is evident in the young, and consequently the more they resort to strategies of secondary victimisation. It was also understood that the way in which the participants perceived the victim correlates with the way in which they express their empathy and, therefore, victimise them more in a secondary way. No significant interaction effects of belief in the Just World were found.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica. Submitted by Patricia Santos (psantos@ispa.pt) on 2018-02-28T19:42:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 21019-OA.pdf: 1895236 bytes, checksum: b442bded9c9669ffdaaaf2a6c67c645d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T19:42:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 21019-OA.pdf: 1895236 bytes, checksum: b442bded9c9669ffdaaaf2a6c67c645d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048.Curs: 2016/2017 El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar mediante un estudio transversal si existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la empatía. Al referir a “hombres y mujeres” el presente estudio se sitúa a un nivel en el que sexo y género son dos conceptos distinguibles pero no separables, por lo que la variable es referida en todo momento como sexo-género. El estudio contó con una muestra total de 554 personas, de las cuales el 72.74% eran mujeres y el 27.26% eran varones. A dicha muestra se le administro de manera online y anónima un cuestionario elaborado a partir de: PictorialEmpathy test (PET) de koiriviki, L y Linderman, M. (2014); La adaptación de Fernando, P y Chico, E. (2000) de la escala de deseabilidad social de Marlowe y Crowne(MSCDS); El inventario de roles de sexo de Bem (BSRI) de Ellis, J y Cheryl, H. (1998); y la adaptación al español de Pérez-Albéniz y col.(2003) del Interpersonal ReactivityIndex (IRI). Los resultados obtenidos revelan que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a sexo-género en el constructo psicológico de la empatía, aunque dichas diferencias son pequeñas y pueden estar influidas por el gran tamaño de la muestra. Además tras llevar a cabo un análisis multivariante (MANOVA) se observa la existencia de variables de intersección, por lo que sugiere que la variable sexo-género a pesar de ser significativa parece poco relevante para entender la varianza en empatía. The aim of this research is to prove by a crosswise research the fact of the existence of differences between men and women concerning to empathy. Referring to “men” and “women” this research takes place in the level where sex and gender are two different concepts but cannot be separated, that is the reason why the referred variable is called sex-gender. The research counted on a sample of 554 people, 72.74% of whom were women and 27.26% of whom were men. The questionnaire of this sample has been given in an anonymous and online platform elaborated based on: “Pictorial Empathy Test (PET)” of Koiriviki, L and Linderman, M. (2014); Adaptation of Fernando, P y Chico E. (2000) of the “escala de deseabilidad social de Marlowe y Crowne (MSCDS)”; “El Inventario de roles de sexo de Bem (BSRI)” of Ellis, J y Cheryl, H. (1998); and the Spanish translation of Pérez-Albéniz y col. (2003) of “Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)”. The results reveal that there are statistically meaningful differences according to sex-gender in the psychological construct of empathy, although many differences seemed to be small and might be influenced by the huge size of the sample. In addition, after the multi-variate analysis (MANOVA), the existence of intersecting variables was observed what suggests that sex-gender variable, despite of the relevance, seems to be not enough relevant to understand the empathy variance.