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A voltammetric sensor comprising a paste electrode made of graphitized thermal carbon black CarboblackC and nanosized zeolite MFI was developed for selective recognition and determination of tryptophan enantiomers. It was found that in determining tryptophan enantiomers, the dependence remains linear at concentrations from 5×10−5 to 1×10−3 M. The detection limits of tryptophan L‐ and D‐enantiomers were calculated to be 4.98×10−7 M and 3.20×10−7 M, while their lower limits of determinable concentrations–1.66×10−6 M and 1.07×10−6 M, respectively. The sensor is more sensitive to D‐tryptophan (ΔEp=20 mV, ipD/ipL=1.58). The developed sensor was shown to successfully determine tryptophan enantiomers in model solutions of pure enantiomers, in a mixture of enantiomers, in biological fluids, and in tablet forms of biologically active additives. It was shown that the suggested sensor made it possible to determine the ratio of L‐ and D‐enantiomers of tryptophan in a mixture with a high probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of chiral modifiers is among the simplest and most popular strategies for synthesizing enantioselective voltammetric sensors that are applied for the analysis and discrimination of enantiomerical drugs in various media. The type and structure of the chiral modifier are the key factors for the creation of enantioselectivity to a specified analyte. We suggest a novel approach to the prediction of the quality of a chiral modifier for preparing highly enantioselective sensors. The suggested approach is based on the molecular mechanics modeling of the adsorption of analyte enantiomers on chiral modifiers and on the comparison of the corresponding adsorption energies (ΔEads). The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated using the example of cyclodextrins and chiral single‐wall carbon nanotubes as chiral modifiers, and a wide range of chiral analytes. We found that the experimental enantioselectivity (ϑexp) measured using voltammetry linearly correlates with ΔEads. The suggested approach also showed good predictive power in application to enantioselective chromatography, which further validates its general applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A voltammetric sensor based on CarboblackC and a chiral octahedral Co(III) complex has been developed for the selective recognition and determination of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers. • Determination of the enantiomeric composition of Trp-in their mixtures, biological fluids and tablet forms of biologically active additives. • The main advantages of the developed sensor are its ease of manufacture, low cost and storage stability. Enantioselective voltammetric sensors (EVSs) have significant interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry, as they allow for the express analysis and recognition of pharmacologically active components in drugs, as well as the establishment of the enantiopurity of compounds. The most common methods of modifying the electrode surface are through molecular imprinting techniques and the addition of a non-electroactive chiral modifier to the electrode composition. By varying the structure and properties of the chiral modifier, the sensor can be designed to have the highest enantioselectivity for a chosen chiral analyte. In this study, we describe the development of a new type of EVS based on a Carboblack C paste electrode modified with a chiral octahedral cobalt(III) complex for use as a selective enantioselector. It was found that the EVS, prepared from enantiopure Co(III) complexes, can selectively recognize L- and D-tryptophan (Trp) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) with pH = 6.86. The peak current ratio (i D / i L) between the two enantiomers reached 1.36, demonstrating the effectiveness of the sensor. The experimental results indicate a linear correlation between the peak currents of Trp enantiomers and their concentration in the range from 1.00·10−6 to 5.00·10−4 М, leading to a detection limit of 2.42 µM and 3.30 µM for D- and L-Trp, respectively, when using chiral octahedral Co(III) complex with chloride counter-anion. Next, the EVSs developed demonstrated practical applicability in measuring the concentration of Trp in pharmaceutical samples and human urine and blood plasma. An important advantage of these sensors is the difference in the oxidation potentials between Trp enantiomers (Δ E p =35 mV), which makes it possible to determine Trp enantiomers in their mixtures. Quantum chemical calculations and experimental data show that the octahedral Co(III) complex binds to one of the Trp enantiomers with a stronger affinity, thus increasing its concentration at the electrode surface and promoting its oxidation. The easy preparation of the chiral Co(III) complex from inexpensive commercial materials, its high stability and insolubility in water make it a promising selector for the creation of efficient multifunctional EVSs for the analysis of various aqueous solutions. The development of a new type of enantioselective voltammetric sensor based on a Carboblack C paste electrode treated with a chiral octahedral cobalt(III) complex for the recognition of tryptophan enantiomers in real samples is reported. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]