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To evaluate the effects of high progesterone prior to oocyte retrieval on the genomic profile of peri-implantation endometrium, we conducted this single-center, prospective cohort study. Depending on whether or not the progesterone level on the day of hCG administration and the day after hCG administration were elevated, a total of 20 women undergoing IVF treatment who did not have fresh embryo transfer were included: Group 1 refers to subjects with normal progesterone level on both days; Group 2 refers to subjects with normal progesterone level on the day of hCG administration and high progesterone level on the day after hCG administration; Group 3 refers to subjects with high progesterone level on the day of hCG administration and normal progesterone level on the day after hCG administration; Group 4 refers to subjects with high progesterone level on both days. Five subjects were included in each group. Endometrial samples were obtained 7days after hCG administration. We found that high progesterone level prior to oocyte retrieval predominantly affected components of the NK cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway in the endometrium and that significant differences were only seen when progesterone measurements on both the day of and day after hCG administration were considered together., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The regulation of endometrial physiology and morphogenesis by the paracrine effectors has been well established using in vivo studies. A more complete understanding of the endometrial function has been delayed due, in part, to a lack of appropriate culture models. In this study, we aimed to simulate the in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) growth pattern of endometrial cells using a 3-D in vitro culture system., Methods: Isolated endometrial epithelial cells, stromal cells and RL95-2 cells were seeded into culture chambers coated with the extracellular matrix Matrigel and observed using light microscopy. Fluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the morphology., Results: Depending on the culture conditions, epithelial cells and RL95-2 cells formed multicellular structures on Matrigel; stromal cells remained individually distinguishable or grew together to form 3-D lattice-like structures., Conclusions: Matrigel provided a good microenvironment for culturing endometrial cells. The cells cultured in the Matrigel-coated chambers closely resembled those seen in vivo.

Objective: To investigate S100P expression and localization in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle., Design: Experimental study., Setting: University hospital., Patient(s): Eighty-four women., Intervention(s): Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was performed on human endometrium from days LH+4, LH+7, and hCG+7. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of S100P and of additional S100 family members, S100A4, S100A13, and S100A6. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of S100P protein in LH+7 and LH+4 endometrium., Main Outcome Measure(s): Differential gene expression, levels of S100P messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression and immunofluorescent localization of S100P., Result(s): A statistical method, based on hierarchical clustering, identified genes whose expression varied at LH+7 compared with LH+4. We found that S100P was the fourth most up-regulated gene at LH+7. The S100P mRNA and protein levels were quite low during the proliferative phase and LH+4, but were elevated significantly at LH+7. The S100P expression at hCG+7 was lower than that at LH+7. However, the expression of S100A4, S100A13, and S100A6 did not vary throughout the menstrual cycle., Conclusion(s): S100P was specifically up-regulated during the implantation window. The underlying biological effects of S100P need further exploration., (Copyright (c) 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To find valuable implantation-related genes associated with endometrial receptivity by scanning the complete genome array of endometrium at the luteal phase of superovulation cycle and the natural cycle., Methods: Twenty endometrial samples were obtained from patients who were to undergo invitro fertilization and embryo transfer because of the ovarian or male factors, underwent real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) to confirm the differentially expressed genes and pathological examination to confirm the stages. Five of the 20 endometrial samples from days of LH + 4, LH + 7, or HCG + 7 underwent HU133 plus2.0 microarray scanning. The other 15 samples were divided into 2 groups: 7 samples were taken on the day LH + 7, and 8 samples taken on the day HCG + 7., Results: 581 genes were expressed differentially in the LH + 7 and LH + 4 samples: 395 were up-regulated and 186 were down-regulated. 320 genes were expressed differentially in the HCG + 7 and LH + 7 samples: 175 genes were up-regulated, and 145 genes were down-regulated. QPCR test showed that the expression levels of some up-regulated genes were much lower on the day HCG + 7 than on the day LH + 7, such as PAEP, S100P, SOD and GDF15., Conclusion: Microarray scanning provides a global gene expression spectrum of human endometrium at different phases. A set of genes are active at the implantation window phase of endometrium. These genes don't show adequate expression after superovulation, which may lead to the change of endometrial receptivity.