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Background/Objective: Complicated acute rhinosinusitis in the pediatric population is an uncommon problem that may affect the orbit or brain and is life‐threatening. This condition requires surgical intervention with endoscopic sinus surgery for source control, and prior studies have demonstrated the safety of balloon sinuplasty in chronic frontal sinusitis. Methods/Results: We present our approach with a balloon sinus dilation hybrid procedure to resolve four distinct types of complicated acute frontal sinusitis in pediatric patients, including intracranial manifestations, intraorbital complications, and recurrent disease. All four patients were able to be managed operatively with frontal balloon sinuplasty. Conclusions: Prior efficacy has been demonstrated for chronic frontal sinusitis in the pediatric population. We demonstrate that frontal balloon sinuplasty is also feasible in the proper clinical setting for acute frontal sinusitis, even in the presence of regional complications or recurrent disease. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) are benign nose neoplasms found in the nasal cavity and sinuses. Symptoms include anosmia, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, and rhinorrhea. Although previously thought to be rare, these tumors are being increasingly recognized on pathology in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. However, REAH is difficult to diagnose before surgery because it may mimic other entities, such as nasal polyps or inverted papilloma, and is often found incidentally only after surgery. Objective: The aims of this study were to (1) add an additional case series of REAH to the literature, (2) report unique imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) pool and summarize all available data from existing publications. Methods: Retrospective chart review from years 2004 to 2015 and a literature review Results: Twenty-three cases were found in our case series, which included 12 men (52%) and 11 women (48%), with a mean age of 59 years. No cases were found before 2007. Lund-Mackay scores were comparable with those found in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Imaging consistently demonstrated a discoid-shaped mass at the olfactory cleft. Fifty previous publications were found (4 prospective, 11 retrospective studies, 9 case series, 26 cases reports), which included 660 patients diagnosed with REAH. Pooled data revealed a mean age of 54 years (range, 9-86 years) and a male to female ratio of 3:2. Conclusion: The results of our study further refined the average age at which REAH diagnosis occurs as 54 years old, although it may occur at any age. There is a clear male-to-female predominance (3:2). In addition, olfactory cleft widening and discoid soft tissue at the olfactory cleft are hallmark radiographic findings. The vast majority of published cases occurred during the past 4 years, which indicated increased recognition of REAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Critical review of computed tomography (CT) imaging is essential in preoperative planning for endoscopic sinus surgery. In this study, we used a systematic review and a modified Delphi method to develop a comprehensive checklist that facilitates preoperative review of sinus CT imaging. Methods: We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to identify existing checklists developed to evaluate sinus CT imaging. An inclusive list of items from these checklists was compiled and a modified Delphi methodology was used to assign ranked priority. The Delphi process involved 14 rhinologists and had three phases: an initial survey with Likert priority (scale of 1–9) and two rounds of live discussions followed by survey to confirm consensus. Results: Ninety‐seven possible checklist items were identified from a systematic review and panelist input. On initial survey, 63 items reached a consensus score of 7+, and 13 items had near consensus scores between 6 and 7; two of these 13 borderline items were retained after subsequent panelist discussion. The resulting items were consolidated into an 11‐item disease checklist and a 24‐item anatomical checklist; the anatomical checklist was further divided into six subsections: nasal cavity, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, skull base, and orbit. Additionally, panelists identified six core aspects of patient history to consider prior to surgery. Conclusions: After establishing content validity through a systematic literature review and a modified Delphi method, we developed a comprehensive checklist for preoperative sinus CT imaging review; implementation and evaluation of validity among trainees will suggest overall utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]