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Objective: To explore the differences in the effect of peroral traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and traditional ESD for the treatment of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods: 112 patients with early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions treated in our hospital between May 2013 and May 2016 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table (n=56). Observation group of patients received peroral traction-assisted ESD, and the control group of patients only received traditional ESD. The intraoperative dissected lesion diameter, mean operation time and intraoperative blood loss of two groups of patients were recorded, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum inflammatory factor levels, and RIA was used to detect serum stress hormone levels. Results: Dissected lesion diameter of observation group was greater than that of control group (P