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The thermal generation units play a key role in the national grid, as part of the economic dispatch daily to supply the country's electricity demand, therefore it is important to consider an efficient model for the selection of thermal units which allows optimal use of primary resources and generating economic dispatch of thermal generators is efficient in technical and economic terms. For these reasons, this research proposes solving the problem of selection of units considering the restriction of fuels for the production of electricity through thermal generators, it could indicate that, in general, the aspects that priority should be given to more objective way economic resources creating process improvement and selectivity of thermal generators also guaranteed supply loading and economics of the electricity sector. Las unidades de generación térmica cumplen un papel fundamental dentro del sistema nacional interconectado, ya que forman parte del despacho económico diario para poder abastecer a la demanda eléctrica del país, por tal razón es importante considerar una modelo eficiente para la selección de unidades térmicas, la cual permita usar de manera óptima los recursos primarios de generación y que el despacho económico de los generadores térmicos sea eficiente en términos técnicos y económicos. Por lo expuesto, la presente investigación plantea la solución del problema de selección de unidades considerando la restricción de combustibles para la producción de energía eléctrica a través de los generadores térmicos, misma que podría indicar, de forma general, los aspectos que deben darse prioridad de forma más objetiva los recursos económicos creando una mejora de procesos y selectividad de las generadoras térmicas, garantizado además el abastecimiento de la carga y la economía del sector eléctrico.

In this thesis the evolution of the Ecuadorian electricity sector in relation to the mechanisms of power generation tender to private initiative, demand, concession areas discusses the different types both in procurement markets as national and international negotiations in relation to Europe, North and Latin America. Based on this analysis on these international electricity markets, the advantages and disadvantages results obtained in different market rates applied to each country to serve as a reference to create a standard auction or negotiation by the private sector that can be applied to the Ecuadorian electrical system based on the regulations set by the regulator CONELEC this analysis to the implementation of the new Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in 2008 the Constituent No15 is contemplated. En esta tesis se analiza la evolución del sector eléctrico Ecuatoriano con relación a los mecanismos de licitaciones de generación eléctrica con iniciativa privada, su demanda, las áreas de concesión los diferentes tipos mercados tanto en licitaciones como en negociaciones nacionales e internacionales con relación a Europa, Norteamérica y Latinoamérica. Con base a este análisis sobre estos mercados eléctricos internacionales, las ventajas y desventajas los resultados obtenidos en los diferentes tipos de mercado que cada país lo aplicado nos servirán como referencia para poder crear una normativa de subasta o negociación por parte de la iniciativa privada que pueda ser aplicada al sistema eléctrico Ecuatoriano en base a las Regulaciones establecidas por el ente regulador CONELEC se contempla este análisis con la aplicación de la nueva Constitución de la República del Ecuador del año 2008 el Mandato Constituyente No15.

In this thesis provides a solution to the forecasting of electricity demand in the short SNI using neural network models. With the application of Artificial Neural Networks, the problem of the complexity of traditional prediction models is solved, from factors that actually affect energy consumption, aspects that were considered in this study are particularly: i) historical data daily electrical demand, ii) climate data; and, iii) weather such as time and date. With the developed solution algorithm analysis is performed in two cases, the first case perform the prediction on the SNI including only the behavior of the application and the second case takes the prediction of electricity demand in the SNI taking into account the previous case and variable climate also included En el presente trabajo de tesis brinda una solución a la predicción de la demanda eléctrica en corto en el SNI usando modelos de redes neuronales. Con la aplicación de las Redes Neuronales Artificiales, se resuelve el problema de la complejidad de los modelos de predicción tradicionales, a partir de los factores que realmente afectan el consumo energético, los aspectos que se consideraran en este estudio particularmente son: i) Datos históricos de demandas eléctricas diarias, ii) Datos del clima; y, iii) Datos del tiempo como son la hora y la fecha. Con el algoritmo de solución desarrollado se realiza el análisis en dos casos, el primer caso realizara la predicción en el SNI incluyendo únicamente el comportamiento de la demanda y el segundo caso realiza la predicción de la demanda eléctrica en el SNI tomando en cuenta el caso anterior y además se incluye la variable del clima

The electric Substations, a very important element of the electric systems of potency, because the existent linkage between the transmission of electric power and the delivery are the end users. In the conventional systems of protection, measurement, control and supervision of the substation, the own shows of these systems have been traditionally accomplished by teams and discrete components. The interconnection between the aforementioned teams and the primary systems of high voltage, for his correct functioning, they always have needed a great work of engineering, implementation and setting at call. Considering these background, the Electric Companies I Remove person in charge to generate, to transport and to distribute the electric power, she has implemented of gradual form technological advances in her installations of potency, which are principally focused to the fields of the electric protections, the remote control and premises of the operation and the monitoring of the magnitudes related with the electric systems of potency. At this context, the Substation Selva Alegre belonging to the EEQ, it is automatized with the aim of implementing schemata that be able to realize for if same the basic processes and facing contingencies that present itself in the process of distribution of electric power, for it utilized processes and teams with the vision to integrate various shows and to interact with information-technology systems, with the end that they enable the coordination of a record of his operation which the staff that finds himself in center of control may accomplish the evaluation of the functioning of the system in real time with themselves. The benefit than consider him with automatization and integration of the Substation Selva Alegre to the system the EEQ,SCADA you are very important since a cost-reducing saving represent the company, the transporting processes and distribution of energy will be reestablished in very short times, permitting that our end users receive a service with quality. Actualmente, las empresas encargadas de la distribución de energía eléctrica han sentido la necesidad de optimizar la calidad del servicio incorporando a sus empresas losSistemas Automáticos de Subestaciones (SAS), mismos que poseen el equipamiento, que debe proveer a los operadores ubicados en el Centro de Control y a demás funcionarios de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito (EEQ),de la información suficiente y necesaria para determinar el estado actual de los principales componentes eléctricos del sistema de potencia y brindar la capacidad de realizar la gestión y operaciones en los equipos de potencia de la Subestación Selva Alegre de la Empresa Eléctrica Quito, de una manera confiable, segura y económica.

This work investigated the AMI technology - Advanced Metering Infrastructure, its main components, requirements and benefits. This document is a proposal that allow the execution of feasibility studies of AMI technology projects that will be implemented in electricity distribution companies. Nowadays there is a growing emphasis on improving the energy markets efficiency, optimizing the supply’s security and the correct use of energy saving benefits. One of the electricity company’s problems is the lack of standards, as response, the CIM-Common Information Model" has been designed. The CIM offers a new perspective "object oriented" for distributed resources. Through this representation as "objects", the way that a resource is described is generic. What is characteristic for each resource is the value of the attributes that has. This model is described in the IEC 61970 and IEC 61968, which is explained in this project, mainly the Standard Interface for monitoring and meter reading (MR) IEC 61968-9. Furthermore, this paper argues that the tendency to implement standards such as IEC 61970/61968 involves the use of UML-Unified Modeling Language. In addition, the analysis performed provides an overview of new measurement technologies through the examination of international trends and various components of AMI systems. Then the impact of costs - benefits of the smart metering and distribution system will be study in order to determinate the economic risk. After, we will study the conditions in Europe, North America and Australia, and determinate how countries and regions have variances in their approaches and how these differences have had an impact on their policy. In fact, in our country there are many electricity power distribution companies that suffer losses in the electrical power delivered area, because of unaffected control component’s, the resulted: the total energy input which is purchased to the generators is different to the total energy charged to the customers. An analysis cost- benefit for a pilot project is been done in two electricity power distribution inside the country. AMI es un importante avance tecnológico para incorporar a los consumidores medidores electrónicos capaces de obtener mediciones de energía de una forma más precisa, eficiente y, obtener información del consumo de energía eléctrica en tiempo real y ser transmitido atreves de un sistema de comunicación a las Empresas Distribuidoras al mismo tiempo, proporcionará a las Empresas de Distribución la capacidad de detectar problemas en sus sistemas y gestionar la demanda, con el fin de operar más eficientemente.