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This research presents an in-depth examination that utilizes a hybrid technique consisting of response surface methodology (RSM) for experimental design, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for model development, and the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for multi-objective optimization. The study aims to enhance engine performance and reduce emissions through the integration of global maxima for brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and global minima for brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions into a composite objective function. The relative importance of each objective was determined using weighted combinations. The ABC algorithm effectively explored the parameter space, determining the optimum values for brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and 1-decanol% in the fuel mix. The results showed that the optimized solution, with a BMEP of 4.91 and a 1-decanol % of 9.82, improved engine performance and cut emissions significantly. Notably, the BSFC was reduced to 0.29 kg/kWh, demonstrating energy efficiency. CO emissions were lowered to 0.598 vol.%, NOx emissions to 1509.91 ppm, and HC emissions to 29.52 vol.%. Furthermore, the optimizing procedure produced an astounding brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 28.78%, indicating better thermal energy efficiency within the engine. The ABC algorithm enhanced engine performance and lowered emissions overall, highlighting the advantageous trade-offs made by a weighted mix of objectives. The study's findings contribute to more sustainable combustion engine practises by providing crucial insights for upgrading engines with higher efficiency and fewer emissions, thus furthering renewable energy aspirations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of graphene oxide nanoparticles (50 ppm) and hydrogen enrichment on the Nerium oleander methyl ester-diesel blend is investigated in the present research study using a compression ignition engine in a dual-fuel mode. Biodiesel is derived from Nerium oleander oil, and 20% (v/v) is blended with 80% of diesel fuel. Following that, Novel carbon-based additives are dispersed in biodiesel–diesel blend and supplied as a piloted fuel. On the other hand, the variable volume flow rates (5 and 10 lpm) of hydrogen gas are supplied via the intake manifold as a secondary fuel. The effects of piloted fuel blends and secondary hydrogen fuel enrichment on overall combustion, performance, and emissions are explored by investigating the cylinder pressure, net and cumulative heat release rate brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxide, and smoke emissions. Combustion parameters, including cylinder pressure, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate, are improved by 16, 9.02, and 12.84%, respectively, for B20 + GO + 10H2 blend at maximum engine power when compared to biodiesel–diesel blend. The blend B20 + GO + 10H2 increases the brake thermal efficiency by 12.35% and decreases brake-specific fuel consumption by 15.15% at a maximum power output when compared to the biodiesel–diesel blend. The synergistic effect of B20 + GO + 10H2 decreases carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity emissions by 24.51, 27.04, and 7.5%, respectively, at a higher power output when compared to diesel. However, the carbon dioxide and formation of nitrogen oxide increased by 9.57 and 11.98% at a higher power output as compared to diesel. This is owing to the rapid flame speed of hydrogen, as well as the enhanced thermal conductivity and catalytic activity of a biodiesel–diesel blend, including graphene oxide nano-additions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to uncover the emission, combustion, and performance features of the blend of Water Hyacinth biodiesel and Mesua Ferrea seed oil biodiesel with Hydrogen addition on a diesel engine in dual fuel. Pilot fuel is a blend of 50% Water Hyacinth biodiesel and 50% Mesua Ferrea seed oil biodiesel. A single-cylinder compression ignition engine was modified to operate on dual fuel mode with hydrogen. Variations of engine operating parameters such as injection timing, and engine load were performed. The study was conducted with three pilot fuel injection timings (23, 26, and 29°bTDC) and variable engine loadings (20%–100% with an increment of 20%) at an injection pressure of 200 bar and compression ratio of 18. The results indicated that the maximum brake thermal efficiency of 28.11% and a replacement of liquid fuel by 85% was obtained for the WHMF blend powered dual fuel diesel engine at pilot fuel injection timings of 26°bTDC at 100% load. HC, CO, and smoke emissions are reduced with hydrogen due to faster combustion. On the other hand, there was a slight increase in NOx emissions noticed with hydrogen enrichment. [Display omitted] • Pilot fuel is a blend of 50% Water Hyacinth Biodiesel and 50% Mesua Ferrea Biodiesel. • Hydrogen is used with pilot fuel under dual fuel mode to improve combustion. • Hydrogen enrichment improves the brake thermal efficiency of the pilot fuel. • Emissions of CO and HC were reduced with hydrogen addition in the pilot fuel. • Liquid fuel replacement of 85% is achieved at an IT of 26⁰bTDC of the pilot fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high energy demand along with the fast diminution of fossil fuel reserves as well escalation of carcinogenic emissions leading to global warming has initiated a pragmatic shift in the direction of the adoption of biofuels. In this regard, the present work investigates the twin influence of injection timing and load on the performance, exergy, and emission analysis for a Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) biodiesel-run diesel engine. Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used for modeling, prediction, and to investigate the optimal value of the operating parameters of the engine. A single-cylinder, water-cooled research test engine with a maximum load capacity of 3.5 kW is considered for experimentation. The operating parameters, four different injection timings (20° bTDC, 23° bTDC, 25° bTDC, 28° bTDC), and five different load conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) are considered for the test. The performance, exergy, and emission analysis conclude that the injection timing of 20° bTDC gives improved fuel conversion efficiency as well as reduced exergy destruction and lower emissions for Water Hyacinth biodiesel run diesel engine. As per RSM, the best results were obtained at 81.25% engine load and 20° bTDC corroborating the findings of experimental research. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive study assesses the current state of the hydrogen energy system and investigates its potential to transform the global energy landscape while addressing important concerns about climate change. While hydrogen energy has numerous advantages, including sustainability and cleanliness, it faces substantial challenges in the areas of storage, manufacturing, distribution, infrastructure, safety, and cost. Scholars, lawmakers, business leaders, and the general public must all work together to address these complex issues. The research emphasizes the significance of breakthrough technology and astute government policies for the successful development and widespread deployment of hydrogen energy systems. It highlights that this revolutionary effort cannot be performed in solitude. Public education and enhanced awareness appear to be significant factors in promoting greater acceptance and use of hydrogen energy. Furthermore, the study identifies critical future research objectives. It underlines the importance of enhancing the efficiency, sustainability, safety, and economic feasibility of hydrogen energy systems. The development of new storage systems, superior infrastructure designs, and seamless integration technologies is vital to achieving the full potential of hydrogen energy. Finally, the research presented here gives a critical assessment of the hydrogen energy situation and outlines a roadmap toward a more sustainable and resilient future. The review's conclusions are significant for policymakers, academics, and stakeholders because they provide critical insights into the opportunities and problems associated with realizing the full potential of hydrogen energy. • Critical review of hydrogen for global energy needs and climate change is presented. • Potential applications and characteristics of hydrogen energy are scrutinized. • New technology and regulations are critical to developing hydrogen energy systems. • Acceptance and increased use of hydrogen energy are driven by increased awareness. • Future studies on hydrogen should include sustainability, safety, and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floating solar photovoltaic systems are rapidly gaining traction due to their potential for higher energy yield and efficiency compared to conventional land-based solar photovoltaic systems. Recent studies indicate that this technology generates 0.6% to 4.4% more energy and exhibits efficiency improvements ranging from 0.1% to 4.45% over its land-based counterpart. Numerous studies conducted on evaluating this innovative technology have been reported, providing various insights required for further development. Unfortunately, these important pieces of information have been scattered: a comprehensive compilation of these findings is currently unavailable, resulting in a significant gap in knowledge and information. Thus, the main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive insight into this new technology, various research and developments that have been reported and potential future development. The critical review indicates that advancements in this technology shall focus on improved floating structure design, robust instrumentation, wireless monitoring, and sensing capabilities. Moreover, novel technological solutions such as tracking systems, bi-facial solar panels, satellite-based array optimization, programming algorithms for grid integration, and artificial intelligence shall be further explored. Additionally, it was found that the integration of floating photovoltaic in marine environments and hydropower reservoirs holds significant promise for transforming global energy production. Despite these advancements, several hurdles remain, including safety concerns, risks associated with electricity–water interactions, standardization issues, national policy considerations, and potential increases in surrounding ground temperatures. It is vital to address the remaining challenges and leverage technological innovations to realize the full potential of floating photovoltaics in the transition towards sustainable energy production. [Display omitted] • FPV offers higher yield and efficiency than LPV due to the natural cooling effect. • Ocean and hydro-dams provide fast potential of FPV application in future. • Insight on the materials and methodology to perform FPV research is provided. • Evolution, global presence, and challenges of FPV are reviewed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]