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Abstract: The use of biodiesel as fuel for compression ignition engines in Jordan is gaining more interest. This paper presents a comparative study on the use of new as well as waste oil as source for biodiesel fuel for compression ignition engine. The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied and compared with pure diesel fuel. The results showed that there was a loss in the fuel calorific value of about 13.43% for waste oil biodiesel and 7.24% for unused oil biodiesel. Further, the density of the fuel was found to increase by about 4.75% with respect to pure reference fuel. As for the performance, biodiesel showed improvement in the torque, power and thermal efficiency and reduction in the specific fuel consumption. This was achieved both as full and low load. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The present work describes a theoretical investigation concerning the performance of a four strokes compression engine, which is powered by alternative fuels in the form of diesel–ethanol and diesel–ether mixtures, the properties of which were sited from literature. The amount of each alcohol added was 5%, 10% and 15% by volume. The engine speed during the experimental work was within the range from 1000 to 4000rpm, with engine was set at full throttle opening and hence the engine was operating under full load conditions. Several parameters were calculated namely: engine torque, brake mean effective pressure, brake power, specific fuel consumption and the thermal efficiency, this was carried out using DIESEL-RK software. It was found that the engine is of highest thermal efficiency when it is powered by a 15% ethanol–diesel blend, wile it is of minimum thermal efficiency when it is powered by pure diesel fuel. Further, it was found that both the thermal efficiency of the engine and the specific fuel consumption increases with the percentage of either ethanol or ether in the fuel blend. However, the power was found to decrease with the amount of either ethanol or ether in the fuel blends. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Emulsions of diesel and water are often promoted as being able to overcome the difficulty of simultaneously reducing emissions of both oxidises of nitrogen (NO x ) and particulate matter from diesel engines. In this work, the performance of an engine together with its effect on environment were tested when engine was powered by both pure diesel and emulsified fuel with various quantities of water content in the diesel fuel. The amount of water quantities added ranged between 5% and 30% by volume. The engine speed during the experimental work was within the range from 1000 to 3000rpm. While producing similar or greater thermal efficiency and improved NO x emission outcomes use of the emulsion also results in an increase in brake specific fuel consumption. It was also found that, at high amount of water addition, the nitrogen oxide decreases. Also, in general, the diesel emulsion fuel emitted an amount of CO2 higher than that of pure diesel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]