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This paper argues that energy efficiency is a potent shield against oil price uncertainty in an increasingly interconnected world fraught with geopolitical tensions. By reducing dependence on oil, enhancing economic resilience, and improving energy security, energy efficiency measures offer multifaceted benefits for both national economies and global stability. Specifically, a wavelet coherence analysis is conducted to study the response of global energy efficiency to geopolitical oil price uncertainty. Quantile-on-quantile and quantile regressions are additionally employed to separate the impacts of various geopolitical oil price risk quantiles on the quantiles of energy efficiency. These methods are utilized in the examination of global time-series data covering the timeframe 2004:Q1–2020:Q4. The wavelet coherence outcomes indicate a positive correlation between geopolitical oil price uncertainty and energy efficiency, particularly during the energy crisis of the 2000s and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also reveal that geopolitical oil price uncertainty leads to energy efficiency, indicating that an upsurge in geopolitical oil price uncertainty causes energy efficiency to increase. Moreover, the results from quantile-on-quantile and quantile regressions affirm the predominantly positive effects of geopolitical oil price uncertainty on global energy efficiency. Our conclusion therefore is that through strategic investments, innovative policies, and international collaborations relating to energy efficiency, nations can fortify themselves against the destabilizing effects of geopolitical conflicts on energy markets. This would ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the trade-energy literature by examining the effect of export product diversification on the energy demand of 30 countries located in the Global North over the period 1980–2014. A nonparametric time-varying coefficient panel data model with fixed effects is employed for its ability to produce robust outcomes in the presence of parameter instabilities, nonstationarity, regime shifts, and time variations. As a second step, the paper also utilizes the nonparametric fixed effects extension of Driscoll and Kraay, which is robust to spatial/cross-sectional dependence, as well as to autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The results indicate that export diversification lowers overall energy demand in the Global North, and the size of the impact has been on a gradual increase over the years. The paper concludes that if a conscious effort is made to ensure that product diversification is towards energy-efficient goods, export product diversification can serve as a useful strategy for managing energy consumption and mitigating its negative environmental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag model in analysing the environmental impact of tourism in China from 2002Q1 to 2018Q4, while controlling for non-renewable energy consumption, trade openness, urbanisation, per capita GDP and its quadratic form. The approach permits the simultaneous testing of non-linearities in the short and long run. This is achieved through negative and positive partial sum decompositions of the regressor of interest. Findings from the article indicate the following: (i) long-run co-movements exist between tourism activities and environmental performance in China, (ii) tourism activities considerably damage the environment in China, (iii) the environment responds to tourism in an asymmetric manner, such that the damage caused by increasing tourism is smaller than the positive environmental effect of decline in tourism. Thus, less tourism protects the environment faster than more tourism damages it. A supplementary non-parametric test for non-linear causality was also performed. The result further provides strong evidence of a non-linear feedback causality between tourism activities and environmental performance in China in the first moment (mean) and second moment (variance). Tourism (environmental performance) is thus a significant predictor of China's environmental performance (tourism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions are a global issue around the world due to energy consumption, and to resolve this, increasing focus has been placed on attaining carbon neutrality. This research bridges the gap in related literature by considering perspectives on electricity. We develop a regression model from renewable energy consumption and production and apply game theory to get different decisions on electricity production from renewable energy (RE) production-consumption and subsidies on RE resources. Subsequently, a simulation-driven optimization method is employed to generate various scenarios. Various experiments are manipulated to find the optimal decisions of carbon-neutral indicators. Results indicate that subsidies on renewable energy that generate electricity exhibit a significant role in maximizing CO 2 emission reduction. It is found that subsidies on wind energy consumption and production play a pivotal role in mitigating carbon emissions. This study elaborates on a valuable contribution in providing optimal decisions for achieving carbon neutrality in RE production and consumption. It offers guidelines to pay attention to the policies about RE resources to make the environment clean. Ultimately, this research not only presents optimal pathways for attaining carbon neutrality but also marks the necessity of targeted policies focused on RE resources to promote a cleaner and sustainable environment globally. • Examines the consumption and production of renewable energy resources. • Simulation-based regression gaming was applied to secondary data. • Optimum behavior of renewable energy resources was provided. • A subsidy policy was driven to minimize the CO 2 emissions for carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emissions are a major problem in the industrial sector due to energy consumption. As a solution, this research first investigates the impact of energy consumption and shortfall on green technology implementation from 1000 textile firms in Punjab, Pakistan and for energy shortfall incorporates subsidy variables to make green technology implementation possible via a binary logistic regression model. Second, we develop a simulation-based optimization model to measure the optimal behavior of energy consumption parameters to clean the environment under green technology implementation. The results depict that renewable energy resources (coal, corn cobs, and wood) positively affect green technology implementation. Interestingly, energy shortfall (electricity and gas) is also impacted positively due to the move of industries towards renewable resources during this shortage period. We find a higher quantity of wood in optimal behavior analysis instead of coal and cobs due to its ease of availability. An optimal subsidy on electricity shortfall is found to be greater than the natural gas shortfall subsidy due to its higher shortfall. This study helps the government to decide the optimal energy shortfall for saving energy usage and to manage the optimal level of subsidies in order to overcome energy usage problems. It also benefits the textile industry in deciding over the optimal energy consumption level to make the environment clean in terms of green technology implementation. [Display omitted] • At present, carbon emission and energy shortfall are still a big target. • Effect of renewable energy resources and energy shortfall on green technology decisions has been investigated. • A significant relationship between energy resources and green technology decisions were found. • Energy shortfall can be mitigated energy through subsides. • Subsidy policies from the government have been proposed to keep the resource conservation and economy boost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we estimate the price and income elasticities for gasoline demand in selected energy gluttons—China, India, USA, Russia, and Japan. Specifically, we employ a time-varying parameter approach which adequately deals with potential parameter instabilities and nonlinearities and effectively captures price and income elasticity variations over time, with each time period having its own set of coefficients. Our empirical findings reveal the following: gasoline consumption is price-inelastic and income-inelastic, there are movements in both the price and income elasticities, and the movements generally correspond with business cycle patterns of each of the countries; overall, sensitivity to price and income changes increase during periods of economic crises. Constant elasticity models overestimate price and income elasticities, and income is predominantly more elastic than price. Our conclusion is that policy mechanisms that are price-based such as gasoline taxes are likely to be unsuccessful in achieving consumption-cum-pollution reduction objectives in the energy gluttons. Such policies may, however, be effective if they ensure that gasoline prices rise at a greater rate than income. Such policies may also be useful for revenue-raising purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Explore the relationship between energy poverty and public health of 185 countries. • Apply a partial linear function coefficient method to analyze the relationship. • Results show that energy poverty has a significant negative influence on public health. • Urbanization level has a mediating effect on the link among energy poverty and public health. • Countries that exceed the threshold of urbanization significantly reduce the adverse influence of energy poverty on public health. Research on energy poverty and its impact has been quite extensive, but the impact of such poverty on public health is still lacking. This paper thus presents the relationship between energy poverty and public health of 185 countries from 2000 to 2020 as well as the role of urbanization development levels in this nexus. To achieve this goal, this study uses a partial linear function coefficient (PLFC) method to analyze the relationship between them, which can also clearly exhibit the non-linear impact of energy poverty on public health. First, both linear and non-linear regression results show that energy poverty has significantly negative impacts on public health. Second, urbanization level plays a significant moderating effect in the energy poverty and public health nexus, meaning that energy poverty affects public health under the influence of urbanization. According to the PLFC model results, countries that exceed the threshold of urbanization have significantly reduced the adverse effects of energy poverty on public health. Third, this study investigates the heterogeneous impact of energy poverty across different regions, comparing the Sub-Saharan Africa region with other areas. The results reveal in the Sub-Saharan Africa region that affordable energy under the influence of urbanization provides a new pathway for improving public health in that region, whereas this effect is considerably smaller in other regions. Additionally, a series of tests confirm the robustness of the results. This paper offers a reference for the development and implementation of renewable energy-related public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate warming intensifies, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a national consensus for many countries. Green finance plays an important role in promoting energy efficiency and lowering such emissions, but there is scant literature that analyzes the impacts and mechanisms of green finance on energy efficiency. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018, this research measures the green finance index using the panel entropy weighting method and systematically evaluates the relationship between green finance and energy efficiency using the fixed-effects model. The results show the following. (1) Green finance significantly contributes to energy efficiency and remains the same after a series of robustness tests such as endogeneity treatment, replacement of explanatory and interpreted variables, and replacement of regression models. (2) Green technology innovation and energy structure optimization are the transmission mechanism of green finance for energy efficiency, which means that green finance improves energy efficiency by promoting green technology innovation and energy structure optimization. (3) There is regional heterogeneity, temporal heterogeneity, and industry heterogeneity in the impact of green finance on energy efficiency. The positive effects of green finance on energy efficiency are more pronounced in resource-dependent regions, regions with irrational industrial structure, north regions, industrial sectors, and after 2013. The conclusions of this paper offer some policy recommendations, including promoting the development of green finance, building a cooperation platform for green finance and technological innovation, enhancing the depth and breadth of renewable energy utilization, and building differentiated green finance strategies according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of government ideology on energy efficiency using data for a panel of 23 OECD countries over the 1980-2013 period. With dynamic panel data method applied, our evidence suggests that government ideology is a significant determinant of energy efficiency. Specifically, we show that left-wing parties are associated with energy efficiency improvements. Overall, our results are robust to the two measures of energy efficiency variables, alternative measures of government ideology variables, using annual and 3-year averages of the data, the inclusion of economic and political variables, and to model specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper considers the possibility of both a linear effect and nonlinear effect of energy consumption on economic growth, using data for the period 1955–2003 in Taiwan. We find evidence of a level-dependent effect between the two variables. Allowing for a nonlinear effect of energy consumption growth sheds new light on the explanation of the characteristics of the energy-growth link. We also provide evidence that the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Taiwan is characterized by an inverse U-shape. Some previous studies support the view that energy consumption may promote economic growth. However, the conclusion drawn from the empirical findings suggests that such a relationship exists only where there is a low level of energy consumption in Taiwan. We show that a threshold regression provides a better empirical model than the standard linear model and that policy-makers should seek to capture economic structures associated with different stages of economic growth. It is also worth noting that the energy consumption threshold was reached in the case of Taiwan in the world energy crises periods of 1979 and 1982. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The investigation of the stationarity of renewable energy consumption has become a new branch of research in energy economics due to its importance in macroeconomics and environmental sustainability. Whether shocks to renewable energy consumption (which may be related to the implementation of energy policies) have permanent/transitory effects has yet to be explored. This study applies an extension of the quantile unit-root test with smooth breaks to examine the stochastic properties of renewable energy consumption in the US economy and the 50 states plus the District of Columbia during 1960–2017. Unlike traditional unit-root tests, which fail to reject the unit-root hypothesis, our results reveal that the unit-root hypothesis is rejected for the renewable energy consumption series of the United States and for 32 of the 51 states/district. In these cases, any policy for encouraging renewable energy will not be effective as the consumption will quickly return to its trend path. The evidence also reveals the presence of asymmetric responses to shocks for different states. Policymakers should consider these effects when they develop energy policy. For some states, where large positive/negative shocks have long-lasting effects on renewable energy consumption, the government should implement strong policies to further develop renewable energy and thus achieve economic and environmental sustainability. • We examine the stochastic properties of renewable energy consumptions. • The quantile unit-root with smooth breaks are used in the analysis. • The state-level analysis will be of direct policy relevance to the policymaker. • Results reject the unit-root for the US economy and 32 out of 51 states/district. • The presence of asymmetric responses to shocks for different states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing concern for energy security, strengthening international cooperation is regarded as one of the most crucial ways to promote the energy structure toward renewable energy. However, extant literature have seldom focused on the spillover effects of globalization on renewable energy consumption. Under this background, this paper employs the spatial econometric model to explore the impact of globalization on renewable energy consumption in the panel data of 60 countries from 1995 to 2018. The empirical results confirm the spatial dependency of renewable energy consumption among countries. More importantly, the direct effect, spillover effect, and total effect of globalization on renewable energy consumption are all significantly positive, which indicates that globalization plays an important role in promoting renewable energy consumption and being surrounded by highly globalized countries could promote local country's energy transformation toward renewable energy. Furthermore, compared with economic globalization, the roles of political and social globalization in promoting renewable energy development worldwide are more pronounced. This research provides policymakers a novel insight into understanding the role of globalization in renewable energy development and helps to promote inter-regional cooperation on renewable energy development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a quasi-natural experiment and city-level panel data from 2009 to 2018 in China, this paper investigates the impact of broadband infrastructure on green total-factor energy efficiency. Empirical results show that Broadband China Strategy has improved the green total-factor energy efficiency by an average of 2.61%, and the improvement effect is only found in central and western as well as small and medium-sized cities. Broadband infrastructure can promote trade openness and improve green total-factor energy efficiency in cities with higher initial trade costs and those with lower initial trade openness. Besides, broadband infrastructure promotes green total-factor energy efficiency through technology diffusion rather than innovation. • Investigate the impact of broadband infrastructure on green total-factor energy efficiency (GTFEE). • The policy intervention of Broadband China has improved the GTFEE by an average of 2.61%. • The reduction effect is only found in central and western as well as small and medium-sized cities. • Broadband infrastructure can promote trade openness and improve GTFEE in cities with higher initial trade costs. • Broadband infrastructure promotes GTFEE through technology diffusion rather than innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]