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One of the higher costs of wastewater services is the energy consumption. The total electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) corresponds to about 1% of the total electricity consumption per year of a country (Cao et al., 2011). In order to compare WWTPs having different processes and scheme configurations, the most useful methodology is energy efficiency measurement using benchmarking procedures (Parena et al., 2002). However, the available audit methodologies do not support well the decisions of the water utilities in order to best target their actions to improve the energy efficiency. Traditionally, energy consumption of a WWTP has been simplistically reported using global KPIs such as kWh/m3 (Mizuta and Shimada, 2010) or kWh/PE (Krampe, 2013; Balmer, 2000). As WWTPs are composed by several stages, each one with a different function, the use of specific KPIs for each treatment stage or function is more appropriate (Longo et al., 2016). A standard methodology is required in order to carry out the energy audit in WWTPs (Tao et al., 2009). Horizon2020 ENERWATER project (www.enerwater.eu ) deals, inter alia, with development of a standard methodology for continuously assessing, labelling and improving the overall performance of WWTPs. The objective of this study is to illustrate the application of the ENERWATER methodology to three real wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The ENERWATER methodology considers two approaches for the determination of energy consumption in WWTPs, namely Rapid Audit and Decision Support. The Rapid Audit allows for a quick estimation of the water treatment energy index (WTEI) based on existing information such as historical data pertaining to energy use records along with influent and effluent quality values. The Decision Support requires intensive monitoring across a WWTP of energy usage and water quality parameters that provides an accurate and detailed calculation of WTEI for each stage as well as its overall value for the plant. For the sake of brevity only the results of the Rapid Audit methodology will be presented here.

10th World Congress of Chemical Engineering Barcelona, 3 October 2017

Frontiers International Conference on Wastewater TreatMent. 21-24 may 2017. Palermo-Italy

Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs) account for more than 1% of consumption of electricity in Europe, one of the largest shares of energy use among public industries. The aim of ENERWATER is to provide measuring tools to quantify the energy consumption of WWTPs and to elaborate the standards to compare and ultimately optimise the operation of WWTPs. The methodology is demonstrated on 50 WTTPs, whose energy consumption is thoroughly monitored. ENERWATER goals will be reached by i) defining the concept of energy efficiency in WWTP and the performance indicators suitable for its quantification; ii) standardising the methods for measuring energy consumption in order to ensure that comparable figures are obtained; iii) using data treatment tools to not only quantify but also diagnose the reasons for energy inefficiency and iv) proposing a global index that measures the energy efficiency of a WWTP. All these steps will eventually be part of a general methodology that can be the draft of a standard for measuring energy efficiency in WWTP. ENERWATER is a three-year activity that involves 9 partners (universities and companies) from 4 European countries (Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). To ensure a fast transfer of results to the relevant actors, ENERWATER puts in contact research groups, SMEs, utilities, city councils, policy makers and industry beyond the project consortium. These actions should bring European Water Industry a competitive advantage in new products development and a faster access to markets by facilitating evidence of energy reduction, thereby fostering adoption on new technologies. This project is carried out with financial support from the H2020 Coordinated Support Action ENERWATER (grant agreement number 649819): www.enerwater.eu. Although the project's information is considered accurate, no responsibility will be accepted for any subsequent use thereof. The European Community accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the presented material, and the work hereby presented does not anticipate the Commission's future policy in this area. Authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013-032, programme co-funded by FEDER, and to the strategic aggregation CRETUS (Centre for Research in Environmental Technologies), AGRUP2015/02

3rd IWA Specialized International Conference Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment 2016 (ecoSTP16). Cambridge, UK, 27-30 jun 2016 In response to strong growth in energy intensive wastewater treatment, public agencies and industry began to explore and implement measures to ensure achievement of the target indicated in the 2020 Climate and Energy Package. However, in the absence of fundamental and globally recognized approach evaluating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) energy performance, these policies could be economically wasteful. This paper gives an overview of the literature of WWTPs energy-use performance. Energy key performance indicators (KPIs) found are presented and critically assessed, pointing out the limits to their validity. Data from more than 430 WWTPs, together with the methods for synthesizing the information is presented. The assessment of a large data sample provided some evidence about the effect of the plant size, dilution factor and flowrate. The technology choice, plant layout and country of location were seen as important elements that contributed to the large variability observed

Wastewater treatment plants are relevant energy consumers. As they carry out complex operations submitted to large variability caused by, among others, the influent and loading variations, the assessment of the performance is challenging. In this study we perform a regression analysis over a sample of 185 WWTP data in order to establish a regression model that predicts the average energy consumption of the plant given plant design and operation predictors such as the average influent flowrate, the COD loading and the plant loading factor. The regression model is also used to ascertain whether the location of the WWTP in France, Spain and Germany has an impact over the energy consumption

The energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a subject of growing interests by water utility and WWTPs operators. As consequence, benchmarking in recent years has become an important tool to assess the performance of these facilities and help identify best practices. This study compares various benchmarking methodology employed for the assessment of the energy efficiency in WWTPs. The literature review revealed three main benchmarking approaches: normalization, statistical techniques and programming techniques. Advantages and disadvantages were identified for each one. It was found additionally that no single Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used to characterize the energy performance could be used universally. In general, while these methods can be used for comparison, the diagnosis of the energy performance remains an unsolved issue