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The issue related to the possibility of applying the filtration process of young beer with the use of experimental microfiltration polymer semi-permeable membrane elements was considered. It was shown that under modern conditions, it is expedient to use membrane processes of young beer filtration in the brewing industry. The process of membrane treatment of beer can be carried out at the stage of pasteurization of young beer in a cold way. Such actions can be directed to preserve the organoleptic parameters of the final product ‒ filtered beer. An experimental setup for the study of the main technological parameters of membrane processing of young beer was presented. The results of experimental studies of the influence of baric and temperature modes on the performance of nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were shown. Rational parameters of pressure (0.03–0.05MPa), duration (8–10s-1), and temperature (3...6°С) of the process of membrane filtration of young beer using nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were determined. The qualitative characteristics of filtered beer obtained by membrane methods were explored. The comparative characteristic of the results of the studies of the qualitative component of resulting beer after microfiltration according to the known requirements and standards for organoleptic indicators was presented. It is found that in terms of filtration rate, selectivity, yeast residue, and other characteristics, nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes are promising for the implementation of the process of microfiltration of young beer. These studies proved the feasibility of further research into improving the process of membrane processing of beer and technical equipment of the beer production line with the development of new equipment.

A new technique for removing a gel layer from the membrane surface during the ultrafiltration concentration of pectin extract has been considered. An experimental setup has been designed and a procedure for processing the results of studying the process of the concentration of pectin extracts has been devised, using a technique of removing a gel layer from the membrane surface. The paper reports the results of studying the application of a vibration stirring technique to eliminate the gel layer and its effect on membrane performance. Mathematical models have been built and the modes to perform the process of the ultrafiltration of pectin extract by using vibration stirring have been determined. The graphical dependences of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pectin concentrate (the concentration of pectin substances and dry substances in the concentrate and permeate) have been given that depend on the input parameters of the temperature and pressure of the ultrafiltration concentration process. An analysis of the given characteristics has made it possible to establish the rational input parameters for the process of concentrating pectin extracts. The rational operating parameters of the process of concentrating pectin extracts when using a new technique for eliminating the gel layer are the filtration pressure of 0.4–0.5MPa, a temperature of 35...45°С, a duration of 1.5–2.0 hours, and a vibration stirring speed of 1.5‒1.7m/s. This study was performed with the aim of intensifying the membrane concentration of pectin extracts, improving the technical level of the concentration process, and implementing the developed technique under industrial conditions. Based on the research results, the expediency of using a new technique for removing the gel layer has been established. Further implementation of these results in the food and processing industry would make it possible to apply them in the production of a wide range of pectin products

This paper proposes an economical thermal cycle of the production of ceramic articles from submicronic powders of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and manganese oxide. The implementation of a given cycle involves the introduction of a special aluminophosphate bond into the charge in order to reduce the temperature of firing. The optimal composition of the material for a foam-ceramic filter with the highest physical and mechanical properties has been determined; the optimal method for preparing the original charge and the baking mode have been selected. According to the results of tests under industrial conditions, the manufactured alumina filters became a decent alternative to known analogs used in aluminum metallurgy for the purification of liquid metal. The application and rational dosage of titanium dioxides, manganese, and aluminum aluminophosphate in porous ceramic compositions on an alumina base have made it possible to significantly reduce the time and, consequently, improve the productivity, of firing. The results obtained were evaluated by the level of maximum temperature in the cycle of heat treatment according to known technologies. Compared to those technologies, the developed technology ensures the growth of firing productivity when implementing the proposed solution by about 220%. It was found that the high true density of ceramic powder requires large dispersion as the relatively large powder particles are significantly worse retained in foam films and settle. At medium (intermediate) temperatures, a large weight loss occurs at a heating rate of 10°C/h. In this case, the decomposition progress changes in proportion to the heating speed. Changing the heating speed with temperature is the most effective technique for deparaffinization in the air. The heating time from the ambient temperature to 200°C significantly decreases. At a certain temperature, prior to the thermal decomposition, the bond would transfer from a strongly viscous state to a liquid state

We report results of experimental research into the process of acidic extraction of pectin-containing raw material (beet pulp) using the new model of the stirring element compared with the conventional grid stirrer. We have designed the experimental installation and devised a procedure for processing the results of studying the extraction process of pectin substances from pectin-containing raw materials (beet pulp), using the new combined stirring element. Mathematical models were constructed in the form of nonlinear regression equations based on the multifactor experiment planning method that employed input parameters of temperature, duration, and hydromodule. It was established that the principal influence on a change in the output parameters is exerted by the input variables of temperature and duration of the process. We show graphical dependences for quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pectin extracts (pectic substances concentration, molecular weight, complex- and gel-forming capability) depending on the input parameters of temperature and duration of the process for extraction of pectic substances. An analysis of these characteristics allowed us to determine the rational input parameters for the process of extraction of pectin substances. The rational working parameters of the process of acidic extraction of pectin substances from sugar beet pulp with the application of the new method for intensifying the process, are: temperature is 60...70 °C, duration is 1…1.1 hours, and hydromodule is 8...10. The purpose of this study was to intensify the extraction of pectic substances from pectin-containing raw materials, to improve technical level of the extraction process and to implement the developed method under industrial conditions. Based on the research results, the feasibility of the new method for intensification was established. Further implementation of these results in the food and processing industries would make it possible to produce a wide assortment of pectin-products (extracts, liquid and dry pectin concentrates).

We determined factors that arise during an arc discharge and detected possibility of their use to accelerate protection against arc closure. This enables creation of a combined device for accurate determination of an arc discharge. In particular, we can expand the spectrum of sensitivity of an optical sensor by the use of ultraviolet radiation without its replacement. We considered possibility of acceleration of response of protection against arc closure operation due to refusal of its blocking with relay circuits for maximum current protection and reduction of an influence of solar radiation on operation of PAC (protection against arc closure). We substantiated possibility of development of a more advanced device for protection against arc circuits, which gives possibility to expand the spectrum of the optical sensor in the region of ultraviolet radiation. We proposed the solution of the problem of increasing of sensitivity of protection against arc closure. This is possible by converting the ultraviolet radiation into a visible part of the optical spectrum, which will expand the spectrum of sensitivity of the optical sensor to the region of ultraviolet radiation and, accordingly, increase its sensitivity. This is due to the fact that 70 % of an arc discharge radiation falls on the ultraviolet region and only 15 % on the visible and infrared spectra of the optical radiation. The obtained results give grounds to assert about possibility of realization of a device of combined protection for determination of arc circuits in industrial production, as well as expansion of spectral sensitivity of optical sensors. In addition, we developed a combined device for determination of an arc discharge through a use of an ultrasound system. Known developments devoted to determination of location of an arc discharge by comparing intensity of a signal from a flash at both ends of the ten-meter optical light conductor are characterized by the fact that the maximum difference between the arrival time of signals from a flash point to sensors at the ends of the optical fibers is 5ns. This is a very low temporal level compared to the light conductor length at the velocity of 300,000 km/s. The system proposed in this study uses the sound velocity, which reaches 342/s, to determine an arc discharge, which simplifies a time measurement device for determination of a short circuit greatly and increases accuracy of time measurement by three orders of magnitude (10 3 ).

The study has helped create a device by developing the design of a sensor to control the fire brightness of a coal burner as well as by using the electronic circuit of an information processing unit. The proposed optical fiber transformer design provides a comparison of the brightness of adjacent areas and the total area of a separate torch, and it increases the viewing angle of the sensor up to 20 degrees. A third channel has been introduced to correct measurements, taking into account the radiation of combustion products that hinder the accuracy of the measurement. The study has determined the radiation spectrum of combustion products in the furnace and their dependence on the temperature of the flame. It has been revealed that the developed optical fiber sensor increases the area of the controlled flame, which increases the accuracy of control. The presence of a “window” in the logic source block will help adapt the device to the temperature and location of burners in the furnace. The design of the optical fiber transformer and some nodes of the electronic unit can be used in the development of serial combustion control devices for coal burners. The use of CCD matrices will help achieve future two-coordinate control of the burner flame and increase the selectivity and performance of the device

We proved the need to create equipment for the implementation of a combined process of peeling the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke. A combined peeling process is proposed, which is based on a combination of thermal and mechanical effects on the peeled product. An experimental installation was designed to study the process of thermal treatment of Jerusalem artichoke. It is proven that an increase in steam pressure and duration of the process of thermal treatment lead to the increase in depth of the thermal treatment of the surface layer of Jerusalem artichoke and reduce the efforts required to separate the rind from the tuber. We determined that an increase in duration of the process of mechanical post-peeling increases the percentage of peeled tubers of Jerusalem artichoke, but results in growing losses of raw material. It was established that reducing the effort required to separate the rind of Jerusalem artichoke at thermal treatment makes it possible to reduce duration of the process of mechanical post-peeling. We determined that an increase in depth of the thermal treatment of the surface layer of Jerusalem artichoke leads to increasing losses of raw material. It was proven that the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke, which have a longer storage period, require an increase in duration of the process of their mechanical post-peeling to ensure the required quality of peeling. We determined rational parameters of the combined process of peeling Jerusalem artichoke, which enable to significantly intensify and mechanize the peeling process, to reduce losses of raw material and to improve quality of peeling

The paper presents an experimental research and new methods of processing the findings on the ultrafiltration concentration of skimmed raw milk with the use of a new method to prevent a polarization layer on the membrane. The paper reveals the research findings on the bubbling method effect on a polarization layer in the membrane processing of skimmed milk and on the performance of ultrafiltration membranes. The devised mathematical models are based on the regression equations of the factorial experiment on the selection of technological parameters of the UF-concentration of skimmed milk with the use of the feedstock bubbling over the membrane surface. We have determined the rational working parameters of the process; these working parameters are as follows: the working pressure is 0.4–0.5 MPa, the skimmed milk temperature – 40–50 °C, the skimmed milk bubbling frequency – 0.10–0.15 min -1 , and the bubbling pressure – 0.56–0.58 MPa.