Search

4 37 28 XXIV M50 М52 Sigurnost snadbevanja prirodnim gasom Republike Srbije se kroz poslednje dve decenije tretira kao hitno, strateško, političko i bezbednosno pitanje. U sektoru prirodnog gasa, Republika Srbija je veoma zavisna od gasa koji uvozi iz Rusije. Indikatori sigurnosti snadbevanja predstavljaju jedan od osnovnih elemenata za određivanje energetske bezbednosti i snažne alate za usmeravanje energetskog sektora ka održivom razvoju. Metodolaška analiza prikazana u radu je bila koncentrisana na pokazatelje sigurnosti snadbevanja u oblasti energetske bezbednosti koji se odnose na sektor prirodnog gasa u Republici Srbiji. The security of natural gas supply of the Republic of Serbia has been treated as an urgent, strategic, political and security issue for the last two decades. In the natural gas sector, the Republic of Serbia is very dependent on gas imported from Russia. Security of supply indicators are one of the basic elements for determining energy security and powerful tools for guiding the energy sector towards sustainable development. The methodological analysis presented in the paper was concentrated on security of supply indicators in the field of energy security related to the natural gas sector in the Republic of Serbia.

The work deals with the study of the Energy Planning stage according to the ISO 50001:2018 Standard at the Hotel Punta la Cueva in Cienfuegos, Cuba. The current energy management indicators for hotels are well-studied. However, the study aims to incorporate the variable Degree-Days in the Room Days Occupied (RDO) to establish a correct Baseline and Energy Performance Indicator. The methodology followed is based on the energy management standards of energy review stage. The fundamental results were in obtaining the Energy Baseline with a Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 0.97. One of the opportunities for improvement consisted of the replacement of 80 bulbs 15 W with 9 W LED bulbs. It has an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 28%, a Present Value Net Income (NPV) of 71.5 USD, and an Investment Recovery Period (PRI) of 3.6 years. The second opportunity is a preliminary project for a Photovoltaic Solar System on the roofs of the buildings, where it is possible to install 1011 photovoltaic and achieve a generation of 384 kilowatt-peak (kWp).

Sustainable energy development is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is integral to sustainable development. This paper offers an approach to selecting comprehensive and robust indicators to monitor progress towards this international policy objective. Numerous weaknesses in current indicator sets for sustainable energy development have been identified, e.g., lack of transparency, imbalanced representation of the pillars of sustainable development, and the absence of stakeholder engagement during development. Currently, no standardized approach to indicator selection exists. In this paper, an iterative process to indicator selection for sustainable energy development is presented. This process is rooted in stakeholder engagement to ensure a representative indicator set and reduce the potential for bias in indicator selection. A diverse and balanced group of stakeholders should be engaged through interviews, focus groups, and a Delphi survey to capture stakeholders' views of sustainable energy development within a particular setting. Based on stakeholder input, the main themes of sustainable energy development are identified, which corresponds to a thematic conceptual framework for indicator development. These results are connected to established indicators to produce a preliminary set of indicators. Subsequently, a set of indicator assessment criteria are applied to assess the quality of indicators and eliminate overly correlated indicators. In the end, a comprehensive and robust set of indicators for sustainable energy development is produced that reflects the context in question. To ensure the usefulness of the indicator set to decision-makers and stakeholders, information such as the necessary formulas and data sources should be provided., This research was financially supported by Rannis – The Icelandic Centre for Research [grant number: 163464-051], the National Power Company of Iceland, the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration, the Eimskip University Fund, and the Icelandic national federation of Graduate Women International. The researchers would like to thank Birgitta Steingrímsdóttir for her assistance in developing this process.

[ES] En este trabajo se realiza un análisis energético de cuatro centros de educación infantil y primaria ubicados en el mismo municipio, Quart de Poblet (Valencia). El análisis se lleva a cabo a partir del estudio de las instalaciones (aspectos constructivos, instalaciones térmicas, instalaciones eléctricas, equipamiento, etc.) de cada uno de los edificios, así como de los consumos y gastos para el desempeño energético. El objetivo final es la obtención de indicadores de eficiencia energética para realizar una comparación energética exhaustiva entre ellos, caracterizando el consumo de energía de los edificios y extrapolando estos resultados al consumo energético del sector docente en la Comunidad Valenciana. Posteriormente, se proponen una serie de medidas de ahorro energético con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia energética de los centros y comparar la efectividad de dichas medidas en cada uno de ellos, además de comprobar la viabilidad económica de las mismas. El análisis de implantación de estas medidas se realizará mediante programas de simulación energética así como mediante la aplicación de los conocimientos de instalaciones de energías renovables y eficiencia energética adquiridos durante el Máster. Una vez planteadas estas medidas de mejora, se volverán a calcular los indicadores de eficiencia energética cuantificando el ahorro en el consumo energético del sector que puede suponer su aplicación., [EN] This work consists on an energetic analysis made of four elementary schools located in the same city, Quart de Poblet (Valencia). The analysis is carried out on the basis of a study of the installations (construction aspects, thermal installations, electrical installations, equipment, etc.) of each of the buildings, as well as the consumption and waste of energy. The final objective is to obtain energy efficiency indicators to carry out an exhaustive energy comparison between them, characterising the energy consumption of the buildings and extrapolating these results to the energy consumption of the teaching sector in the Valencian Community. Subsequently, a series of energy saving measures are proposed with the aim of improving the energy efficiency of the centres and comparing the effectiveness of these measures in each of them, as well as checking their economic viability. The analysis of the implementation of these measures will be carried out through energy simulation programmes as well as through the application of the knowledge of renewable energy and energy efficiency installations acquired during the Master. Once these improvement measures have been proposed, the energy efficiency indicators will be recalculated, quantifying the savings in the sector's energy consumption that their application may entail., [CA] En aquest treball es realitza un análisi energètic de quatre centres d’educació infantil i primària ubicats en el mateix municipi, Quart de Poblet (València). L’anàlisi es du a terme a partir de l’estudi de les instalaciones (aspectes constructius, instalacions tèrmiques, instalacions elèctriques, equipament, etc.) de cada un dels edificis, així com dels consums i gastos energètics. L’objectiu final es l’obtenció d’indicadors d’eficiència energètica per a realitzar una comparació energètica exhaustiva entre ells, caracteritzant el consum d’energia del edificis i extrapolant els resultats al consum energètic del sector docent de la Comunitat Valenciana. Posteriorment, es proposen una sèrie de mesures d’estalvi energètic amb l’objectiu de millorar l’eficiència energètica dels centres i comparar l’efectivitat de les mesures en cada un d’ells, a més de comprobar la viabilitat econòmica d’aquestes. L’anàlisi d’implantació d’aquestes mesures es realitzarà mitjançant programes de simulació energètica així com per mitjà de l’aplicació dels coneixements d’instalacions d’energies renovables i eficiencia energètica adquirits durant el Màster. Una vegada s’han plantejat aquestes mesures de millora, es tornaran a calcular els indicadors d’eficiència energètica quantificant l’estalvi en el consum energètic del sector que pot suposar la seua aplicació.

Energy consumption by industrial sectors has possessed a large proportion of total energy use in many countries especially China. For the purposes of energy conservation, the government of China has implemented long-term policies to continuously assist thermal power industries in improving the energy efficiency. This paper investigates the short- and long-term causal relationship implied by the standard coal consumption per unit product of power (SCC), the rate of electricity consumption of power plant (EC), the total water consumption per unit product of power generation (WC) and the total oil consumption per year (OC). The result indicates that there is mutual influence among variables. The SCC is significantly correlated with the EC, a large amount of EC may impact SCC heavily. The OC is proved to be a new driving factor, and it has long-run equilibrium relationship with other three variables.

This paper presents a computer simulation model based on system dynamics methodology for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of input energy structure in agriculture and Bangladesh is used here as a case study for model validation. The model provides an input energy structure linking the major energy flows with human energy and draft energy from cattle as well as tractors and/or power tillers, irrigation, chemical fertilizer and pesticide. The evaluation is made in terms of different energy dependent indicators. During the simulation period, the energy input to agriculture increased from 6.1 to 19.15 GJ/ha i.e. 2.14 fold corresponding to energy output in terms of food, fodder and fuel increase from 71.55 to 163.58 GJ/ha i.e. 1.28 fold from the base year. This result indicates that the energy input in Bangladeshi agricultural production is increasing faster than the energy output. Problems such as global warming, nutrient loading and pesticide pollution can associate with this increasing input. For an assessment, a comparative statement of input energy use in agriculture of developed countries (DCs) and least developed countries (LDCs) including Bangladesh has been made. The performance of the model is found satisfactory to analyze the agricultural energy system for LDCs, {"references":["Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Population and housing Census Report. http://www.bbs.gov.bd/Home.aspx.pdf; 2011.","EIA: US Government. U.S. Energy Information Administration, World total primary energy consumption: Bangladesh, 1980-2011(http://www.eia.gov/), 2011.","MoA. Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Shegun Bagicha, Dhaka-1000, 2013 (http://www.moa.gov.bd/ statistics/bag.htm)","Forrester JW. Principles of Systems. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, 1968","Huq AMZ. Energy modeling for agricultural units in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the national seminar on integrated rural development, Institution of Engineers of Bangladesh, Dhaka. 1975.","Satter MA. A System dynamics model to assess the impacts of agricultural mechanization on rice production in Bangladesh. Ph. D Thesis, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 1995.","Pimental D, Pimental M, Machan MK. Energy use in agriculture: An overview. Ithaca, NY: College of agriculture and life science, Cornell University, 1998.","Stout BA, Best G. Effective energy use and climate change: Needs of rural areas in developing countries.Vol.3. Texas, USA: Agricultural Engineering Department, Texas A & M University, 2001.","Okurut S, Odogola WR. Farm power development in Uganda: past, present and future trends. Proceedings of International Conferences on Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China, Vol.1.1999, p. 232.\n[10]\tShrestha DS. Energy input and output and their cost analysis in Nepalese agriculture. Nepal Electricity Authority, Kathmundu, 1998.\n[11]\tOzkan B, Akcaoz H, Fert C. Energy input-output analysis in Turkish agriculture. Journal of Renewable energy 29(2004) 39-51.\n[12]\tAlam MS, Huq AMZ, Bala BK. An Integrated rural energy model for a village in Bangladesh. Energy1990; 15(2): 131-139.\n[13]\tAlam M, Bala BK, Huq AMZ. Simulation of integrated rural system for farming in Bangladesh. Energy 1997; 22(6):591-599.\n[14]\tAlam MS, Roy chowdhury A, Waliuzzaman KM, Huq AMZ. Energy flow in family farming system of a traditional village in Bangladesh. Energy 24 (1999)537-545.\n[15]\tAlam MS, Islam KK, Huq AMZ. Simulation of rural household fuel consumption in Bangladesh. Energy24(1999) 743-752.\n[16]\tAlam MS. Alam MR, Islam KK. Energy flow in Bangladesh agriculture. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005;1(3):213-220.\n[17]\tHigh Performance System Inc. STELLA 8: Simulation software. Center Parkway Suite, Lebanon, 2003. See also: http:// www.hps-inc.com/.\n[18]\tUN HABITAT. Urban population growth rate-urbanization level (Bangladesh) for 1985-2025.Human Settlements Program: United Nations. See also: http://www.unhabitat.org/habrdd/ conditions/sccentasia/banglade.htm\n[19]\tAlam M. Lecture on lowering irrigation cost and adoption of farm machineries for sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh. Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh. Dhaka, (April 15) 2004.\n[20]\tHicks A. Power and Food Security. ISES 1997 Solar World Congress, Taejon, South Korea.\n[21]\tBala BK. Energy and environment: modeling and simulation. New York: Nova Science Publisher Inc., 1998.\n[22]\tGovernment of Bangladesh. Annual agricultural report. Directorate of Agricultural Extension, Dhaka, 2000.\n[23]\tFood and Agricultural Organization (FAO). FAO statistical database: Agriculture, 1980-2002. FAO: United Nations, 2004. See also: http://fao.org/faostat/collections?version=ext&hasbulk=0&subset=agriculture.\n[24]\tGovernment of Bangladesh. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh, 21st edition, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka, 2000.\n[25]\tUS Government. World total primary energy consumption: Bangladesh, 1980-2000. Washington, DC: Energy Information Administration, 2003. See also: http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international.\n[26]\tAhmed QK, Azim MA, Mintoo AA. Energy security in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Academic Press and Publication Library, 2005"]}

Artigo do Grupo de Incerteza - DEQ-UFBA DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.031 Submitted by Reiner Requião (reinereng@gmail.com) on 2011-06-01T23:01:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes et al._2011.pdf: 282760 bytes, checksum: ead2b35079ea8dc26d049e9581fb5d9b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-01T23:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes et al._2011.pdf: 282760 bytes, checksum: ead2b35079ea8dc26d049e9581fb5d9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-13 Environmental indicators have been constructed and used as a tool for measuring environmental performance for various purposes in the industrial environment including that of decision-making. However, few studies in the literature address the issue of the quality of the data used for the construction of these indicators, and one of the factors neglected is the uncertainty associated with them. This paper deals with a case study on the uncertainty in the energy indicators of a petrochemical industry in Brazil. In this study, there is an examination of the components involved in making the calculation of energy indicators, as well as their uncertainties. The end result is the development of a methodology that can be used for assessing the uncertainty of the indicators. The evaluation of this uncertainty shows a value greater than appropriate for the intended use of the indicator. In order to reduce this uncertainty, an attempt has been made to point out the most striking features that require investment in human and economic resources, such as improvement in the measurements and implementation of new measurers at critical points. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews