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Battery lifetime prediction is a promising direction for the development of next-generation smart energy storage systems. However, complicated degradation mechanisms, different assembly processes, and various operation conditions of the batteries bring tremendous challenges to battery life prediction. In this work, charge/discharge data of 12 solid-state lithium polymer batteries were collected with cycle lives ranging from 71 to 213 cycles. The remaining useful life of these batteries was predicted by using a machine learning algorithm, called symbolic regression. After populations of breed, mutation, and evolution training, the test accuracy of the quantitative prediction of cycle life reached 87.9%. This study shows the great prospect of a data-driven machine learning algorithm in the prediction of solid-state battery lifetimes, and it provides a new approach for the batch classification, echelon utilization, and recycling of batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Titanium nitride was made by the carbamide and titanic chloride precursors. XRD results indicate that the precursor ratio N:Ti 3:1 leads to higher crystallinity. SEM and EDX demonstrated that Ti and N elements were distributed uniformly with the ratio of 1:1. The TiN used as the electrode material for supercapacitor was also studied. The specific capacities were changed from 407 F.g −1 to 385 F.g −1 , 364 F.g −1 and 312 F.g −1 , when the current densities were changed from 1 A.g −1 to 2 A.g −1 , 5 A.g −1 and 10 A.g −1 , respectively. Chronopotentiometry tests showed high coulombic efficiency. Cycling performance of the TiN electrode was evaluated by CV at a scanning rate of 50 mV.s −1 for 20,000 cycles and there was about 9.8% loss. These results indicate that TiN is a promising electrode material for the supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prismatic and pouch configurations are two distinct packaging formats for lithium-ion batteries, with significant differences in failure behavior. However, the effect of packaging formats on cell-level thermal runaway and its propagation at the module-level has not been thoroughly understood, especially from the perspective of multidimensional signal evolution. In this study, a comparative analysis of the failure behaviors in prismatic and pouch batteries is conducted under various thermal abuse scenarios, at both the cell and module levels. This study examines a range of multidimensional signals, simultaneously including expansion force, gas concentration, gas temperature, battery temperature, and voltage. Our findings reveal four distinct peaks in the expansion force of the prismatic cell, in contrast to only two for pouch cells. Both cell types display a consistent venting voltage of approximately 3.35 V, with gas emissions detected after venting. Notably, the venting force and temperature of the prismatic cell reach up to 5577 N and 121.2 °C, respectively, which are approximately 3000 N and 57.0 °C higher than those of the pouch cell. Especially, the abnormal rise rate in expansion force at 5 N/s emerges as the earliest detectable signal among the four signals regardless of the packaging formats, offering a lead time of over 80 s before venting occurs, and 444 s prior to the onset of thermal runaway at both cell and module levels. Additionally, a temperature rise rate exceeding 0.2 °C/s is a critical signal for an impending TR event. This study deepens the understanding of failure mechanisms unique to different battery packaging formats and guides early safety warning design for energy storage applications. • Effect of packaging formats on multidimensional signal evolution is revealed. • Force characteristic peaks during thermal runaway are compared for two types of cells. • Significant differences in gas temperatures for the packing formats are analyzed. • Force anomaly can be detected earliest for cells and modules with both packing forms. • Force signal is more suitable as an early warning indicator in prismatic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal runaway introduces a significant challenge in the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, necessitating advanced early-warning technologies to ensure safety, particularly during charging. Only monitoring the temperature and voltage limit the performance of diagnostic algorithms. The expansion behavior of batteries, which is linked to their operating status, offers a vital indicator of safety. In this study, the evolution of multidimensional signals during overcharging experiments at different current rates is comprehensively investigated. The result shows that the abnormal expansion force can be detected at temperatures as low as 35.4 °C, which achieves an early warning signal 11 min earlier than the onset of battery thermal runaway. The effect of charging rate on battery safety is comprehensively analyzed, showing that the time interval between the warning signal of the expansion force and temperature increases steadily from 151 s to 682 s as the charging rate decreases. However, the charging rate hardly affects the stage of charge boundary of venting, which is around ±118 %. These insights are crucial for understanding early warning mechanisms in overcharged batteries, offering valuable guidance for enhancing the safety of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. • Force signal offers early warning 682 s before battery thermal runaway. • Abnormal expansion force can be detected at a minimum temperature of 35.4 °C. • Effect of charging rate on battery safety is comprehensively analyzed. • Charging rate hardly affects stage of charge boundary of venting. • Force signal can be utilized as an overcharge warning indicator at high rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-derived carbon (BDCs) materials are receiving extensive attention as electrode materials for energy storage because of the considerable economic value offering possibility for practical applications, but the electrochemical capacitance of BDCs are usually relatively low resulted from limited electric double layer capacitance. Herein, an oxygen-rich porous carbon (KMAC) was fabricated through a rapid and convenient microwave assisted carbonization and KOH activation of camellia oleifera shell. The obtained KMAC possesses three-dimensional porous architecture, large surface area (1229 m 2 /g) and rich oxygen functionalities (C/O ratio of 1.66). As the electrode materials for supercapacitor, KMAC exhibits superior supercapacitive performances as compared to the activated carbon (KAC) derived from direct carbonization/KOH activation method in 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 (315 F/g vs. 202 F/g) and 6.0 M KOH (251 F/g vs. 214 F/g) electrolyte due to the rich oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of porous carbon resulted from the developed microwave-assisted carbonization/activation approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A free-standing flexible Co-MOF/MXene hybrid film was prepared by inserting 2D Co-MOF nanosheets between MXene layers based on layer upon layer self-assembly strategy. Li-O 2 batteries based on Co-MOF/MXene film as cathode have ultra-high capacity, excellent cycle stability and excellent rate performance. [Display omitted] • A free-standing flexible hybird film was prepared as cathode for Li-O 2 batteries. • The Co-MOF/MXene hybrid film has high ORR catalytic activity. • The interlayer spacing of MXene can be regulated by 2D Co-MOF. • The performance of Li-O 2 batteries can be controlled. Lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2) batteries are considered as a new revolutionary energy storage technology due to their ultra-high theoretical energy density, but many problems of cathode restrict their further development. Here, we prepared a free-standing flexible Co-MOF/MXene hybird film for efficient Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and as cathode for Li-O 2 batteries by inserting 2D Co-MOF nanosheets between MXene layers based on electrostatic self-assembly strategy. The Co-MOF/MXene hybrid film with two-dimensional lamellar structure had high ORR catalytic activity, can provide faster Li+ or O 2 expansion channels, promotes the deposition and decomposition of Li 2 O 2 , and it also breaks through the traditional concept of slurry method to prepare cathode of Li-O 2 batteries. Li-O 2 batteries based on Co-MOF/MXene hybird film as cathode had ultra-high capacity (34763 mAh/g at current density of 1000 mA/g), excellent cycle stability (278 cycles, limited capacity of 1000 mAh/g at current density of 1000 mA/g), and outstanding rate performance. Besides, the capacity and cycle performance of Li-O 2 batteries can be controlled by adjusting the loading of 2D Co-MOF and the thickness of Co-MOF/MXene hybrid film. The promising results provide insights the construction of air cathode structure for metal-air batteries, the design of efficient catalyst, and greatly expanded the scope of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]