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As part of the U.S. Navy’s continued commitment to protecting U.S. interests at home and abroad, the Navy is investing in the development of new technologies that broaden U.S. warship capabilities and maintain U.S. naval superiority. NAVSEA is developing power systems technologies for the Navy to realize an all-electric warship. New nonlinear power system controls approaches are being developed to improve system performance in light of new electrically powered weaponry that behave as pulsed-loads. Advancements include the identification of pulsed-load profiles that identify Energy Storage System (ESS) requirements. A dynamic optimization engine has been developed and serves as the feedforward receding horizon control portion of the Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) feedback controls for ESS networked microgrid system. A Coalition Warfare Program (CWP) test scenario was selected. The CWP is defined with a Reduced Order Model (ROM) that includes; generation, ESS, and mission pulsed-loads. Several numerical simulation studies were conducted. The CWP scenario is bounded by a baseline mission load local ESS contrasted with no ESS full nonlinear metastable boundaries. The main goal is to minimize ESS size and weight while maintaining power system performance. This paper focuses on the control and optimization of ESS as an integral part of supporting critical mission loads and real-time control algorithm development to improve future energy efficiency for multi-mission activities.&nbsp

As part of the U.S. Navy’s continued commitment to protecting U.S. interests at home and abroad, the Navy is investing in the development of new technologies that broaden U.S. warship capabilities and maintain U.S. naval superiority. In particular, NAVSEA is supporting the development of power systems technologies that help the Navy realize an all-electric warship. It is recognized that a challenge to fielding an all-electric power system architecture includes minimizing the size of energy storage systems while maintaining the response times necessary to support potential pulsed loads. This work explores the trade-off between energy storage requirements (i.e. size and weight) and performance (i.e. bandwidth and storage) in the context of a power system architecture that meets the needs of the US Navy. To compare energy storage technologies and appropriately size them, it is necessary to specify size and weight requirements and thus consider the energy density of the technology in Wh/kg and specific power density in W/kg. The modelled time domain behaviour for different load types and control delays were used to determine technology and sizing requirements by comparing the total energy and maximum power used in the simulation to a Ragone plot. Simulation results based on operational vignettes were used to identify a range of specific power and energy densities that will meet system requirements. Potential energy storage sizing can be determined by approximating where a selected technology intersects with the energy and power requirements of the system. Another major component necessary to determine energy storage technology is the frequency domain behaviour of the system. In this work, the energy storage control bandwidth is evaluated in simulation for different loading scenarios, and a trade-off between size/weight and response bandwidth is illustrated.&nbsp