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Ever increasing energy demand ever encourage for new energy production and conservation. In the present work, the cascaded latent heat solar thermal energy storage system has been developed to deliver the heat at different temperature limits and its performance on the improvement of heat transfer characteristics are studied with the use of multiple phase change material (PCM) with various encapsulation arrangements. The storage system consists of three different PCM which have different melting temperatures such as D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, and paraffin wax. Each PCM is encapsulated in different materials of spherical balls like copper, aluminum, and brass. Permanent welding of fins, inside the encapsulated balls of type rectangular, annular and pin is done for enhanced heat transfer. This work investigates for the best combination of fins which may allow the highest heat transfer rate for the least cost. It has been concluded that the transfer of energy is the highest in the use of copper balls for encapsulation of PCM with the attachment of annular fin inside the balls. With respect to energy cost per kJ of heat transfer, the PCM encapsulated in aluminum balls with annular fins may be preferred. However, in all the combinations, to gain higher efficiency of the system proper arrangements of all system components very close to each other is essential to the provision of perfect insulated storage tanks and the components of the piping circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photovoltaic solar system is used as a primary source through an SPWM-based DC-DC converter. • Flywheel is designed to eliminate the dynamic stability. • Converters and controllers were simulated using MATLAB. • 1 kW FESS system can provide the required energy storage. • Pulse Width Modulation Scheme (SPWM) and the soft switching technology can provide improved efficiency. • Proposed system improved the reliability of the power supplied to the load. Energy storage and power conditioning are the two major issues related to renewable energy-based power generation and utilisation. This work discusses an energy storage option for a short-term power requirement, which also acts as a power conditioner. The flywheel, an old invention, is included in the electrical power generation arrangement to achieve energy storage and power conditioning requirements. A Photovoltaic solar system is used as a primary source from which the required DC voltage is obtained through an SPWM-based DC-DC converter. This power is fed to an arrangement consisting of a BLDC machine as prime mover, which drives a mass of flywheel. An alternator connected with the motor and flywheel to supply a 1000 W load. The flywheel is designed to take care of the dynamic stability assisted by a suitably designed controller unit and supporting power supply units t ensure the system's reliability. Hence a conditioned and reliable power supply is provided to the load. This research aims to decide on the dimensions and material of the flywheel to be used, which was achieved using ANSYS. Two different materials were selected, and stress analysis was done to ensure their suitability as an energy storage medium in the power generation system. Similarly, the converters and controllers were simulated using MATLAB to fit them to the renewable power generation scheme based on which a working model is fabricated, and tested through proper commissioning, to get the aimed objectives. The outcome of simulation and experimentation were compared, and suitable illustrations were given to prove the successful implementation of a flywheel-based energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]