Search

[Display omitted] Vanadate, as an advanced inorganic material, has been a major object of scientific research due to its flexible valence states and the multi-electron transfer mechanism of vanadium. This review concentrates on the application of vanadates in aqueous ZIBs, which facilitates researchers to understand the latest research progress on vanadate-based cathodes for ZIBs. Furthermore, the limitations of current vanadate-type cathodes are pointed out and the perspectives for their application in emerging energy storage areas are presented. • This work comprehensively summarizes the application of vanadates as aqueous ZIBs cathodes. • Electrochemical performance and energy storage behavior of vanadates cathodes are further discussed. • Current challenges and expected development foregrounds of vanadates cathodes in aqueous ZIBs are proposed. With the increasing pursuit of electronic products with high specific energy and outstanding environmental compatibility, developing advanced new power sources is urgent. As the representative of new energy, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained much focus recently in the field of energy storage owing to their advantages of safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the progression of suitable Zn-storage cathode materials remains a huge challenge, limited by commercial requirements. Vanadate, as an advanced inorganic material, has been a major object of scientific research due to its flexible valence states and the multi-electron transfer mechanism of vanadium. Undeniably, understanding the electrochemical Zn-storage properties and mechanisms of this class of materials plays a crucial role in facilitating their development. However, there is a paucity of reviews on vanadates as cathodes for aqueous ZIBs. This review concentrates on the application of vanadates in aqueous ZIBs, which facilitates researchers to understand the latest research progress on vanadate-based cathodes for ZIBs. Finally, the limitations of current vanadate-type cathodes are pointed out and the perspectives for their application in emerging energy storage areas are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbons have a great potential in the field of environment and energy storage, due to their advantages of wide sources, low cost, tailorable pore structure and abundant surface functional groups, etc. Pore-forming approaches and precursors are two crucial factors for the preparation of porous carbons. Templating approach is greatly important in synthesizing porous carbons due to its ability to tailor pore structure purposefully and precisely. Meanwhile, with miscibility and easily tuned morphology, fluid precursors are optimal candidates to match up with templating approach. Therefore, porous carbons synthesized by templating approach from fluid precursors (PCTF) can be developed with ordered pore structure, controllable morphologies, uniform active sites and functional design. This article reviews the progress in fluid precursors and templating approach and summaries the application of PCTF on environment and energy storage. Fluid precursors including ionic liquids, carbohydrates, oil and others are introduced systemically. Moreover, templating approach including self-generated templating approach, hard templating approach and soft templating approach, is summarized and compared. The applications on air pollution control, water pollution control, supercapacitors and batteries were presented and the current challenges on PCTF to design outstanding porous carbons are discussed throughout the review. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For cost and safety reasons, aqueous batteries are suitable for large-scale energy storage. Among all aqueous batteries, the rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising choices owing to the low equilibrium potential and high volumetric capacity of zinc. However, its development is also severely hindered by the limited available cathode materials, which generally display poor cycling capabilities. As one of the most investigated POVs (polyvanadates) today, (V 10 O 28)6− has been demonstrated to be feasible in the energy storage rely on the well-defined structure and fascinating material activity. Herein, we propose a polyvanadate-Na 6 V 10 O 28 with (V 10 O 28)6− anion as a support structure and serve it for the first time as aqueous ZIBs cathode. The high stability of the (V 10 O 28)6− cluster permits the material to tolerate the reversible (de)insertion of Zn2+. As a result, the Na 6 V 10 O 28 cathode delivers a high capacity of 279.5 mAh g−1 and extraordinary lifespan over 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the pseudocapacitance analysis and GITT test reveal the pseudocapacitance behavior and high Zn2+ diffusion coefficient (10−10 cm2 s−1) of the Na 6 V 10 O 28 /Zn cell, respectively. Not only that, ex-situ XRD, XPS, and TEM are also employed to analyze the storage mechanism of Zn2+, indicating the synergistic Zn-storage capacity of Na 6 V 10 O 28 and irreversible products. Overall, this work presents new insights into the application of Na 6 V 10 O 28 in aqueous ZIBs and also demonstrates the competitive potential of POVs for energy storage. [Display omitted] • For the first time, the Na 6 V 10 O 28 cathode is applied for aqueous zinc ion batteries. • Na 6 V 10 O 28 delivers excellent cycling stability and the high specific discharge capacity. • The Zn2+ ion diffusion rate of Na 6 V 10 O 28 is as high as 10−10 cm2 s−1. • The high reversibility of Zn2+ insertion/extraction in Na 6 V 10 O 28 is demonstrated by ex-situ XRD. For cost and safety reasons, aqueous batteries are suitable for large-scale energy storage. Among all aqueous batteries, rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising choices owing to the low equilibrium potential and high volumetric capacity of zinc. However, its development is also severely hindered by the limited available cathode materials, which generally display poor cycling capabilities. As one of the most investigated POVs (polyvanadates) today, (V 10 O 28)6− has been demonstrated to be feasible in energy storage rely on the well-defined structure and fascinating material activity. Herein, we propose a polyvanadate-Na 6 V 10 O 28 with (V 10 O 28)6− anion as a support structure and serve it for the first time as an aqueous ZIBs cathode. The high stability of the (V 10 O 28)6− cluster permits the material to tolerate the reversible (de)insertion of Zn2+. As a result, the Na 6 V 10 O 28 cathode delivers a high capacity of 279.5 mAh g−1 after activation and an extraordinary lifespan over 2000 cycles. Furthermore, the pseudocapacitance analysis and GITT test reveal the pseudocapacitance behavior and high Zn2+ diffusion coefficient (10−10 cm2 s−1) of the Na 6 V 10 O 28 /Zn cell, respectively. Not only that, ex-situ XRD, XPS, and TEM are also employed to analyze the storage mechanism of Zn2+, indicating the synergistic zinc-storage capacity of Na 6 V 10 O 28 and irreversible products. Overall, this work presents new insights into the application of Na 6 V 10 O 28 in aqueous ZIBs and also demonstrates the competitive potential of POVs for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid depletion of lithium resources and the increasing demand for electrical energy storage have stimulated the pursuit of emerging electrochemical energy storage. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are highly sought after for their low cost, high safety, and increased environmental compatibility. However, the search for suitable cathode materials is still tricky for a wide range of researchers. Vanadium oxides (VxOy), with their abundant vanadium valence, easily deformable V−O polyhedrons, and tunable chemical compositions, are of significant advantage in developing emerging materials. This work provides a detailed review of different VxOy for the application in aqueous ZIBs. The current problems and optimization strategies of VxOy cathode materials are systematically discussed. Finally, the current challenges and possible directions for future research of VxOy cathode materials in aqueous ZIBs are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with low-priced, high-safety, and high synergistic efficiency have captured an ever-increasing amount of consideration and have been expected to be a promising choice to replace LIBs. However, the cathode materials of ZIBs reported have many shortcomings such as poor electron and zinc ion conductivity and complicated energy storage mechanisms. In this review, several typical cathode materials for ZIBs in recent years and their detailed energy storage mechanisms are summarized, and various improvement methods to enhance the electrochemical properties of ZIBs are briefly introduced. Eventually, the current problems and the expected development foregrounds of ZIBs are proposed. [Display omitted] Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages, they cannot satisfy the demands of numerous large energy storage industries owing to their high cost, low security, and low resource richness. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with low cost, high safety, and high synergistic efficiency have attracted an increasing amount of attention and are considered a promising choice to replace LIBs. However, the existing cathode materials for ZIBs have many shortcomings, such as poor electron and zinc ion conductivity and complex energy storage mechanisms. Thus, it is crucial to identify a cathode material with a stable structure, substantial limit, and suitability for ZIBs. In this review, several typical cathode materials for ZIBs employed in recent years and their detailed energy storage mechanisms are summarized, and various methods to enhance the electrochemical properties of ZIBs are briefly introduced. Finally, the existing problems and expected development directions of ZIBs are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an effectual strategy for mitigating environmental and resource crises. Lithium iron phosphate batteries, renowned for their unique safety and stability, are widely utilized in energy storage systems and electric vehicles, consequently resulting in a growing number of spent LIBs. Herein, a one-pot mechanochemical process that integrates the recycling and preparation of LiFePO4 is proposed to drive the rapid regeneration of spent LiFePO4. Benefiting from the inherent characteristics of the input material, more than 98% of Li is selectively released, while less than 1.5% of Fe is leached without any impurity output. To this end, these reclaimed precursors in a ball mill can be directly re-used for the regeneration of LiFePO4 with an appropriate lithium source addition, eliminating the need to recover LiFePO4 with various degrees of lithium deficiency. As expected, the regenerated LiFePO4 delivers a discharge specific capacity of 143 mA h g−1 without negligible capacity fading after 250 cycles at 1 C, featuring significantly improved rate capability and long-term cycling stability. Designed with sustainable, integrated, and close-loop operation routes, this process pioneers a novel strategy to scale up the direct recycling for the LiFePO4 cathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NVO are prepared using Pluronic-F127 as structure-directing agent. • NVO show unique nanorod structures. • NVO calcined at 400 °C shows high capacity and high rate capability. • Kinetics analysis verifies the pseudocapacitive behavior of R-400. • Outstanding performance is attributed to low resistance and fast Na+ ions intercalation/deintercalation kinetics. In this study, NaV 3 O 8 nanorods are successfully prepared using nonionic surface-active agents Pluronic-F127 as structure-directing agent. The as-prepared NaV 3 O 8 nanorods calcinated at different temperatures are characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The NaV 3 O 8 calcinated at 400 °C for 20 h shows appropriate sizes and uniform morphologies of the nanorods, 4–7 μm in length and 0.2–0.5 μm in diameter. The NaV 3 O 8 nanorods as cathode materials for Na-ion batteries deliver high discharge capacity reaching up 110.4 mAh g−1 at current density of 120 mA g−1, as well as long lifespan by maintaining capacity of 162.1 mAh g−1 after 500 charge-discharge cycles. Also, a high reversible capacity of 83.9 mAh g−1 can be retained after 500 cycles at high rate of 2 A g−1. The obtained outstanding electrochemical performances are associated with the unique micro-nano structures, which does not only facilitate transport of Na+ ion, but also resist erosion from electrolytes. Overall, the results suggest the promise of NaV 3 O 8 nanorods as cathode materials for high capacity, high power and long lifespan Na-ion batteries. This work may open an innovative route to discover diverse electrode materials with nanostructure for energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1. For the first time, the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and γ -LiV 2 O 5 as host materials to store Zn2+. • 2. A larger voltage window (0.2–1.9 V) than most other aqueous zinc ion batteries. • 3. The energy density and power density of the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and the γ -LiV 2 O 5 is high. • 4. The Zn2+ storage mechanisms of the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and the γ -LiV 2 O 5 are proved. Recently, many reports have been published about polyoxovanadates (POVs) with multiple electrons redox activity for energy storage. However, they are easily transformed into solid-state oxides after calcination. We noted that although dehydrated Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] (Li 7 V 15) exhibited a high capacity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it was reported that the electrochemical behavior of the dehydrated sample same as γ -LiV 2 O 5 (γ -LVO) which prepared by annealing the cluster and undehydrated Li 7 V 15 was not redox-active. Interestingly, we were surprised to find that undehydrated Li 7 V 15 and its derivative γ -LVO showed better electrochemical performance than LIBs when first proposed as the cathode to store Zn2+. Both Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO electrodes provided excellent rate performance and satisfied cyclability (135.0 and 214.1 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, respectively). The fast kinetics of Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO were verified by pseudocapacitive analysis, GITT and EIS tests. Moreover, the Zn2+ storage mechanism and redox behavior of Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO were examined by ex-situ measurements. First-principles calculations revealed that the Zn2+ was chemisorbed on the clusters and physisorbed between the clusters. This work enriches the POVs cathode chemistry in aqueous energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This work summarizes the application of vanadium oxides as aqueous ZIBs cathodes. • Electrochemical properties and energy storage behavior of different types of vanadium oxide cathodes. • Current challenges and expected development foregrounds of vanadium oxides cathodes in aqueous ZIBs are proposed. The rapid development of science and technology, as well as the trend toward intelligence, has resulted in a surge in the demand for excellent energy storage devices for smart devices. At present, the most widely used lithium ion batteries have limited further development because of their high cost and various disadvantages of electrolytes (flammable and toxic). In spite of the low costs and safety of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, the high radius of the zinc ions and strong electrostatic interactions make cathode materials without excellent performance difficult to find. Various oxidation states, structural diversity, excellent multiplicity performance and high capacity have attracted researchers to vanadium-based oxides in recent years. However, vanadium-based oxides have disadvantages such as poor structural stability and low electrical conductivity, so this paper summarizes the progress of research on vanadium oxide cathode materials such as V 2 O 5 , VO 2 , V 2 O 3 , etc., and provides an outlook on future development directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, it is proved that carbon coated nanospheres structure can effectively enhance the reaction stability, the transmission speed of electrons and ionic conductivity of Sb-based materials. Due to Ni-Co-Sb/C material has the high specific surface area, low charge transfer resistance and special alloying mechanism displayed admirable electrochemical properties as anode materials for LIBs. The synthetic strategy and lithium storage mechanism may provide a new insight into the preparation of high-performance Sb-based electrode materials for LIBs. The strategy of "template sacrifice method" was proposed to synthesize well-defined NiSb/CoSb nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosphere (Ni-Co-Sb/C, ~560 nm) by calcination treatment of the Ni-Co-MOF (metal-organic framework) precursor. Due to the structural controllability of MOF precursor and Ni/Co bimetallic synergy, the fabricated Ni-Co-Sb/C demonstrates a high surface area (88 m2 g−1) and superior ion conductivity, thus an excellent electrochemical performance as has been achieved as lithium ion battery (LIB) anode. A reversible discharge specific capacity as high as 495.1 mAh g−1 has been stably delivered after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1. In addition, the charge transfer impedance of Ni-Co-Sb/C electrode is as low as 67.6 Ω in the 30th cycle at 0.1 A g−1 and the pseudocapacitive contribution is as high as 73.8% at 0.5 mV s−1. The alloying mechanism of Ni-Co-Sb/C has been verified by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), which enables a high lithium storage capacity. Moreover, the full-cell assembled with LiCoO 2 as cathode exhibits a steady discharge specific capacity of 354.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 even after 100 cycles. Our work provides an effective method for the application and high-capacity Sb-based material in energy storage fields, and this material is expected as a promising candidate for a novel anode material in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Substitution ions can affect the lattice constants, grain size and morphology. • Doping sites include Li, V, O sites, cation and anion co-doping, interlayer doping. • Ions-doping improves the diffusion coefficient and the electronic conductivity. • Ions-doping is an important trend for the long-term development of Li 1+ x V 3 O 8. Compared with other materials, monoclinic Li 1+ x V 3 O 8 as the promising cathode includes many strong points, such as high theoretical capacity, abundant raw materials, safety characteristic and low environmental impact. However, the primary problems facing the development of Li 1+ x V 3 O 8 for energy storage devices are poor cycling performance, low rate capability and short service life. Recently, many researches have taken various measures to overcome these shortcomings. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent developments of Li 1+ x V 3 O 8 and focus on the improving of Li 1+ x V 3 O 8 by ions-doping, which is deemed to a significant manner to improve the electrochemical performances of Li 1+ x V 3 O 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]