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KOROGLU, LEVENT/0000-0003-4696-1459 WOS: 000524268500001 In this study, the investigation of the optical properties and microstructural development of matte glaze compositions prepared with the addition of seashells was aimed. The seashells obtained from Black Sea beaches of Samsun, Turkey were characterized using XRF, XRD, FTIR, TG-DTA techniques, and heating microscope. The calcite-aragonite polymorphic transition was provided by heat treatment of seashell powders at 700 degrees C for 1 hour and then, aragonite-based seashell powders were incorporated to matte glaze compositions up to 30 wt%. Firstly, four different types of fired body specimens (red clay, chamotte, white, and porcelain) were produced at 800oC for 7 hour. Secondly, the prepared glazes were applied on surface of all fired bodies and then, all bodies were sintered at 1100oC for 8 hour. Finally, coloring parameters and microstructural features of seashell added glazes were determined. The addition of seashells to glaze composition by 10 and 20 wt% resulted in higher transparency. The matte glaze was formed with increment of seashell content to 30 wt%. The more reduced fluidity of the glaze caused nonhomogenous matte appearance. As a result, it is possible to produce transparent glazes in eco-friendly and cost-effective way by addition of seashells into glaze composition in 20 wt%. 2209-A Scientific Research Project of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [1919B011802514] This work was supported by 2209-A Scientific Research Project of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [1919B011802514].

Tam Metin / Full Text Kemik doku iskelelerinin tasarımı gelişen teknoloji ve üretim metodları ile değişmekte ve gelişmektedir. Tasarım ihtiyaçlarından bir tanesi olan dejeneratif hastalıklar sonucu ortaya çıkan osteoporoz nedeni ile kemik dokusu deformasyonu ve kaybı gibi kemik patolojileri, yaşamın kalitesini ve yaşam standartlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle kemik rejenerasyonu için üç boyutlu biyoaktif kemik doku iskelelerinin geliştirilmesi, doku mühendisliği alanında büyük önem kazanmıştır. Kemik doku yapısının başarılı bir biçimde taklit edilebilmesinde kemik doku mühendisliği uygulamaları için tasarlanan biyomalzemelerde polimerler ve biyoaktif seramikler kullanılmaktadırlar. Hidroksiapatit (HA) ve biyoaktif camlar ile üretilmiş kemik doku iskeleleri yüksek biyouyumluluğa ve kemik dokusuna bağlanma özelliğine sahip olduğundan dolayı kemik rejenerasyonu için klinik potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak kemik dokusuna benzer gözenekli olarak tasarlanan HA ve biyoaktif cam kemik doku iskelelerin mekanik özellikleri özellikle yük taşıyan uygulamalar için uygun değildir. Mekanik özellikleri iyileştirmek amacıyla seramik, metal, polimer ve cam gibi ikincil fazların ilavesiyle HA bazlı kompozitler üretilmektedir. Kemik iskelesi üretiminde baskı prensipleri ve malzeme seçimine göre stereolitografi, toz tabakalı füzyon, malzeme ekstrüzyonu, binder jetleme ve üç boyutlu (3B) yazıcı ile şekillendirme gibi çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Geleneksel yöntemler; gözenek boyutu, geometrisi ve birbirine bağlılığı üzerinde sınırlı kontrol imkânı sunmaktadır. Ancak 3B yazıcı teknolojileri geliştikçe, kemik mikro mimarisini kontrol edilebilme becerisinde ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. The design of the bone scaffolds changes and develops with the developing technology and production methods. Degenerative diseases which are one of the design needs like osteoporosis, result in bone pathologies such as, degeneration and loss of bone tissue, adversely affecting quality of life and living standards. Therefore, the development of three-dimensional bioactive bone tissue scaffolds for bone regeneration come into prominence in tissue engineering. Polymers and bioactive ceramics are used as biomaterials designed for bone tissue engineering applications that bone tissue structure can be successfully imitated. Bone tissue scaffolds produced with hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glasses have a clinical potential for bone regeneration due to their high biocompatibility and binding properties to bone tissue. However, the mechanical properties of HA and bioactive glass bone tissue scaffolds, which are designed to be porous like bone tissue, are not particularly suitable for load bearing applications. HA based composites are produced by adding secondary phases such as ceramic, metal, polymer, and glass to improve the mechanical properties. A variety of manufacturing methods such as stereolithography, powder layered fusion material extrusion, binder jetting and three-dimensional (3D) printing are applied to fabricate bone tissue scaffolds according to the printing principles and selection of materials. Conventional methods offer limited control over pore size, geometry, and interdependence for this production. However, 3D printing technologies have evolved, progress has been recorded in the ability to control bone micro-architecture

The effect of particle size and phosphorous content in biomineralization media on in vitro bioactivity of monticellite based ceramic powders was investigated. Monticellite based ceramic powder was synthesized at 800 °C for 4 h using boron derivative waste. Monticellite based ceramic powder, comprising monticellite, akermanite, diopside, calcium magnesium borate and zeolite LTA crystalline phases, was crushed and then ball-milled for optimized time to obtain lowest average particle size and the narrowest particle size distribution. In vitro bioactivity of both coarse (d10: 0.5 μm, d50: 3.0 μm, d90: 42 μm) and fine (d10: 0.5 μm, d50: 1.4 μm, d90: 4.8 μm) wafers was determined by incubation in Lactated Ringer's Solution and Human Blood Plasma for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days at 36.5 ± 0.5 °C. The obtained results exhibited that calcite (CaCO3) layer after immersion in Lactated Ringer's Solution and bone-like apatite layer after immersion in Human Blood Plasma were formed on the surface of coarse and fine wafers. The presence of phosphorus in biomineralization media is necessary for apatite formation. The increment of surface roughness favors homogeneous nucleation, and fasten nucleation and growth kinetics of precipitation. As a result, the bioactive characteristic of monticellite based ceramic powder could be governed by the particle size. Resumen: Se investigó el efecto del tamaño de partícula y el contenido de fósforo en los medios de biomineralización sobre la bioactividad in vitro de polvos cerámicos a base de monticellita. El polvo cerámico a base de monticellita se sintetizó a 800 °C durante 4 h utilizando residuos de derivados de boro. El polvo cerámico a base de monticellita, que comprende monticellita, akermanita, diópsido, borato de calcio y magnesio y fases cristalinas de zeolita LTA se trituró, y luego se molió con bola durante un tiempo optimizado para obtener el tamaño de partícula promedio más bajo y la distribución de tamaño de partícula más estrecha. La bioactividad in vitro de obleas gruesas (d10: 0.5 μm, d50: 3.0 μm, d90: 42 μm) y finas (d10: 0.5 μm, d50: 1.4 μm, d90: 4.8 μm) se determinó mediante incubación en solución de Ringer lactato y plasma sanguíneo humano durante 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días a 36,5 ± 0,5 °C. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la capa de calcita (CaCO3) después de la inmersión en la solución de Ringer lactato y la capa de apatita similar a un hueso después de la inmersión en plasma sanguíneo humano se formaron en la superficie de obleas gruesas y finas. La presencia de fósforo en los medios de biomineralización es necesaria para la formación de apatita. El incremento de la rugosidad de la superficie favorece la nucleación homogénea y fija la cinética de nucleación y crecimiento de la precipitación. Como resultado, la característica bioactiva del polvo cerámico a base de monticellita podría estar gobernada por el tamaño de partícula.