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Extensive Late Miocene to Pliocene Erenlerdagi volcanism produced lava domes, nuee ardentes and ignimbrite deposits in west and southwest of the Konya. The domes may contain various enclaves, which range in size from a few cm to a few meters, and in shape cornered to spherical. The volcanic rocks are made up of plagioclase (15-45%), brown amphibole (3-15%), brown biotite (5-10 %), quartz (0-5%), sanidine (0-5%), clinopyroxene (0-5 %), epidote (0-8%), opaque iron ore (3-20%), and accessory acicular apatite and zircon in a holocrystalline porphyric texture. Geochemical data shows that all samples are high-K calc-alkaline, mostly metaluminous, and rhyodacite to andesite in composition. They are characterized by an enrichment in Large Ion lithophile Elements (e.g. Cs, K), and a depletion in High Field Strength Elements (e.g. Ti, Y). In Harker variation diagrams, SiO2 increases with increasing K2O, Na2O, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Zr contents; and decreasing TiO2, FeOt, MgO, CaO contents, suggesting fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine) and titanite. The REE pattern of the samples shows an enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements, and a depletion in Heavy Rare Earth Elements, resultant with high ((La/Lu)N= 8.2-18.0) ratios. Existence of slight Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*: 0.66-0.80 ) may suggest plagioclase fractionation in the samples. Based on field, mineralogical and geochemical data, it has been suggested that the Erenlerdagi volcanics could have formed by chemical mixing of felsic and mafic magmas possibly coupled with fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine), plagioclase and titanite, in relation with the subduction of the African plate underneath the Anatolian plate during Miocene.

URL:http://sujest.selcuk.edu.tr/sumbtd/article/view/457 DOI: 10.15317/Scitech.2017.98, The natural rocks used today as well as in the history for a variety of purposes were a subject of different alteration, weathering and deterioration conditions. These conditions are strictly controlled by environment and nature of rock varieties (marble and stone). This study is a first approach to understand the relation between some geological features and behavior against salt (Na2SO4) decay of Moroccan marbles and stones. For this purpose, widely used four dolomitic limestones, two crystalline limestones, one limestone and one basalt sample (total 8) were chosen from Morocco. Extra attention paid to choose locations being a representative of all Moroccan country. The carbonate samples (limestone and dolomite) consist of mainly dolomite and calcite with micritic and sparitic cement. The sole, non-carbonaceous sample is basalt of Khenifra containing mainly plagioclase and pyroxene. In general, both bulk-dry and powder density values of the studied rock samples are homogeneous. The limestone of Bir Jdid has the highest (10.81 %) effective porosity and dry weight loss value (4.61 %). The loss on ignition value of the Khenifra basalt has the lowest value with 1.26 %. The loss on ignition values are also relatively uniform. The obtained data indicate that outdoor uses (especially in coastal areas) of limestones of Bir Jdid and dolomitic limestones of Taza are more risky than the others., Hem geçmiş dönemlerde hem de günümüzde çok çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılan doğal taşlar farklı ayrışma, dağılma ve bozunmaya uğramaktadırlar. Bu şartlar çevre ve kayacın türüne (mermer ve taş) sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Bu çalışma Fas mermerleri ve taşlarını tuza (Na2SO4) karşı dayanımlarını ve bazı jeolojik özelliklerini anlamak için yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bunun için Fas’tan getirilen çok kullanılan 4 dolomit, 2 kristalize kireçtaşı, 1 kireçtaşı ve bir bazalt (toplam 8 adet) örneği seçilmiştir. Örnekler mümkün mertebe Fas’ın değişik yerlerinden seçilmiştir. Karbonat kayaçları (kireçtaşı ve dolomit) temel olarak dolomit ve kalsit minerallerinden müteşekkil olup çimento mikrit ve sparittir. Karbonatsız tek kayaç olan Khenifra bazaltı esasen plajiyoklas ve piroksen içerir. Genel olarak örneklerin kuru ve öğütülmüş ağırlıkları birbirlerine benzer. Bir Jdid kireçtaşları en yüksek etkili porozite (% 10.81) ve kuru ağırlık kaybına (%4.61) sahiptir. En düşük ateş zayiatı Khenifra bazaltlarındadır (%1.26). Ateş zayiatları genel olarak homojendir. Eldeki veriler Bir Jdid kireçtaşları ve Taza dolomitik kireçtaşlarının dışarda (özellikle sahil bölgelerinde) kullanımlarının diğerlerine göre daha riskli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are widespread in the Horoz pluton with granodiorite and granite units. Rounded to elliptical MMEs have variable size (from a few centimetres up to metres) and are generally fine-grained with typical magmatic textures. The plagioclase compositions of the MMEs range from An18–An64 in the cores to An17–An29 in the rims, while that of the host rocks varies from An17 to An55 in the cores to An07 to An33 in the rims. The biotite is mostly eastonitic, and the calcic-amphibole is magnesio-hornblende and edenite. Oxygen fugacity estimates from both groups’ biotites suggest that the Horoz magma possibly crystallised at fO2 conditions above the nickel–nickel oxide (NNO) buffer. The significance of magma mixing in their genesis is highlighted by various petrographic and mineralogical characteristics such as resorption surfaces in plagioclases and amphibole; quartz ocelli rimmed by biotite and amphibole; sieve and boxy cellular textures, and sharp zoning discontinuities in plagioclase. The importance of magma mixing is also evident in the amphiboles of the host rocks, which are slightly richer in Si, Fe3+ and Mg in comparison with the amphiboles of MMEs. However, the compositional similarity of the plagioclase and biotite phenocrysts from MMEs and their host rocks suggests that the MMEs were predominantly equilibrated with their hosts. Evidence from petrography and mineral chemistry suggests that the adakitic Horoz MMEs could be developed from a mantle-derived, water-rich magma (>3 mass%) affected by a mixing of felsic melt at P >2.3 kbar, T >730°C.

Turkey has important chromite, magnesite and olivine deposits within peridotite host rocks. The peridotites (harzburgite, verlite, lherzolite and dunite) are mostly serpentinised as a result of metasomatic reaction of olivine and pyroxene minerals with percolating water. The serpentinites are generally an important part of ophiolitic complexes which displays a discontinuous belts all over the country. The chromite deposits are often related to cumulates and tectonites (as Alpine and/or podiform type deposits) and despite their small reserves, their grade can reach up to 58 %. In most deposits, a little enrichment efforts, the grade of chromite can easily be reached from 25 % to 40-45 %.The magnesite deposits of West Anatolia is especially concentrated in three provinces. These provinces are Konya, Kutahya and Eskisehir. The magnesites are of cryptocrystalline type and, like chromite deposits, their reserve are small but have high grade with low FeO-CaO and high MgO ratio. Once again, these deposits are fo...

In this study, three type of marble and one granite were chosen to understand if the coating is effective on hardness of the commercial rocks. To understand the hardness of the rock, Schmidt hammer tests were undertaken. The used device allowed us uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) as well as Schmidt rebound (R). The coated samples have clearly high R and UCS values when compared to uncoated samples. The Elazig visne, the well-known marble of Turkey, have 35.6 R and 44.2 MPa UCS values of coated samples. On the other hand, uncoated surface of the same marble have 30.5 R and 35.4 MPa UCS.

Approximately 8% of Turkey is covered by ultramafic rocks which host economically important deposits of magnesite, chromite and olivine. Magnesite deposits are of three types: (1) Massive or crystalline, (2) Cryptocrystalline and (3) Sedimentary. Cryptocrystalline and sedimentary type magnesite deposits are widespread all over Turkey although the massive type deposits are seemingly absent. In this study, we examined the sedimentary magnesite deposits of Hirsizdere, located in the province of Denizli, SW Turkey. The deposits formed as five beds within an ultramafic environment. The thickness of the magnesite beds can reach up to 4 meters and may be traced up to 3 km from west to east. The deposit comprises half a million tons of magnesite with some associated dolomite.

Many Neo-Tethyan ophiolitic bodies are well exposed as thrust-slices in Central Anatolia and are predominantly represented by massive hornblende gabbros, most of which are cut by Supra Subduction Zone (SSZ) plagiogranites. The allochthonous gabbros are distinct from their autochthonous counterparts, with their mineralogy including both igneous hornblende, relict diopside rimmed by replacement hornblende and their chemical composition corresponding mostly to gabbro rather than diorite. The results of major and trace element analyses of forty-two samples, and REE analyses of nine samples, indicate that the hornblende gabbros are SSZ-type and formed from a wet magma by high-degree partial melting of peridotite possibly coupled with contamination by predominantly neighbouring-slab derived fluids within an intra-oceanic back-arc basin. The mafic magmas then underwent high-level fractional crystallization involving titaniferous magnetite, diopside, tschermakite and possibly olivine. Emplacement was followed by extensive ocean–floor metamorphism, which has induced crystallization (or recrystallization) of chlorite, biotite, amphiboles and mobilisation of most of the major elements such as alkali and alkali earth elements, and some LREE.

WOS: 000249189600003, Whole rock and mineral chemistry of amphibolites are presented for the lower (Gumusler Formation) and higher parts (Kaleboynu Formation) of the Nigde Massif with the aim to constrain protolith genesis and metamorphic P-T-conditions. The amphibolites, associated with a series of supracrustal metasediments, as thin layers and discontinuous pod/small lenses, are of igneous origin with composition of subalkaline and tholefitic basalts. Based on immobile elements content and ratios, amphibolites from both formations are thought to have formed mostly by fractional crystallisation of pyroxene +/- spinel, amphibole, plagioclase as well as apatite and titanite; coupled with minor crustal contamination. Contamination is particularly clear for the Gumusler Formation formed in a back-arc basin (Paleothetys) during magmatic ascent through the thickened Central Anatolian crust. The basic rocks could have been metamorphosed later at 7.5-3 +/- 0.6 kb and 850-420 degrees C, with the temperature gradient ranging from 35 to 122 degrees C/km at different depths in the Neo-Tethyan subduction zone, and exhumed from depths of approximately 20 km via regional extension.