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• Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop were investigated experimentally with R410A and R32 in four different tubes. • The surface structures inside tubes were smooth, hydrophobic, herringbone and hydrophobic/herringbone, respectively. • The performance enhancement factor and specific sensitivity factor were used to evaluate the influence of overall heat transfer performance. An experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the condensation heat transfer characteristics for R32 and R410A inside four horizontal round tubes with 12.7 mm outer diameter. The saturation temperatures were 35 °C and 45 °C, the vapor qualities ranged from 0.2 to 0.8, and the mass flux ranged from 50 kg m−2 s−1 to 200 kg m−2 s−1. Different inside surface structures of the four tubes were smooth (ST), hydrophobic (HYD), herringbone (HB) and hydrophobic/herringbone (HYD/HB), respectively. Effects of mass flux, vapor quality, refrigerant and saturation temperature on condensation heat transfer in different tubes were discussed with the aid of flow pattern visualizations. Experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient of R32 was higher than that of R410A due to different physical properties of the refrigerant. HB tube had the highest heat transfer coefficient at low vapor quality and HYD tube was the best at high vapor quality. The performance enhancement factors (PEF) of HB tube and HYD tube were better, ranging from 1.07 to 1.4 and from 1.02 to 1.31, respectively. However, as the composite of HB and HYD, the HYD/HB tube had the lowest overall performance, with the PEF ranged from 0.94 to 1.12. Additionally, the specific sensitivity factor (SSF) was used to evaluate the influence of various parameters on heat transfer and pressure drop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]