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On the one hand, the Age of Enlightenment in Europe triggered off scientific discoveries and technological innovations. Science and Technology became yardsticks for progress in the world. This led to industrialization and the subsequent commodification and annihilation of emotion, spiritual and even sexual life of humankind; on the other hand, in the far East, Iran for example, there is radicalization of religious life and preference of religious life over emotional and sensual life. In Europe, the intellectual life became privileged over the emotional and intuitive life, human relations degenerated so much so that even families grew apart from themselves. Writers as D.H. Lawrence felt the need to draw our attention to the havoc being wreaked on human relations; while Rushdie felt outraged by deification of a man he considered sexually perverse. D.H. Lawrence achieves his aim through the text, Lady Chatterley's Lover, which was adjudged by the law as pornographic and was, therefore, banned; while Salman Rushdie also achieves his through his The Satanic Verses, which was rather adjudged blasphemous and was also banned with Fatwa placed on the head of the writer. The objective of this paper was to examine aspects of the narrative as lawyers or judges would examine cases to see how Lady Chatterley's Lover yielded to obscenity to warrant it being banned as well as to understand why the prosecutors failed and why the work was later unbanned. It examined also The Satanic Verses to also see how it yielded to blasphemy and to understand why it was not banned in Western Countries. It is hoped that this study would help in further understanding the relationship between Law and literature. The methodology deployed was textual data analysis; and it was concluded that the determining of justice in law involves interpretation just as interpretation is needed in the pursuit of meaning in the text; and that legal briefs as well as judgments are in themselves narratives just as literature is. Finally is it was concluded that law will eternally be deconstructive in the pursuit truth or fact just as literature the pursuit of meaning in literature will depend on the eternal deconstructive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the problem of national and religious values in the Age of Enlightenment. The author notes that enlightenment is not only the name of an intellectual movement, but also the name of a cultural myth. The study of the formation of ideas and values of education is relevant in the face of global challenges in terms of understanding the processes of historical and cultural development of modern Azerbaijan. Values issues have always attracted the attention of researchers from a wide variety of disciplines. Philosophers, teachers, psychologists, culturologists, philologists note that the formation of a new spiritual and moral environment in any country occurs as a result of a new classification and definition of values. It is no secret that today a number of negative processes are taking place in the socio-cultural sphere, especially in the sphere of spiritual life, which leads to the loss of many traditional values. Many values are transferred to the archives of history under the old name, and new value trends begin to appear in society. Therefore, it is especially important to use the concept of "value" in research. Purpose: To define the system of religious and cultural values of Azerbaijani education. Methodology: the article examines complex research methods, along with elements of traditional historical and cultural analysis, as well as a systematic approach reflecting the unity of culture in defining the value space of the Azerbaijani Enlightenment. Scientific novelty: the problem of national and religious values is considered in education and it is proved that Islamic values are the basis of the value system of Azerbaijani education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the ideas and practices involved in implementing an art collection in university studies, focusing on a plaster cast collection. The history of museums began in Estonia with the reopening of the University of Tartu (1802) and, since then, collections have played an important role in teaching. This article concentrates on the features of the Enlightenment in Estonia in the context of university education. The University of Tartu was located on the periphery of Europe: on the one hand it was on the fringes of the Russian Empire and on the other hand in the sphere of German culture. Nevertheless, the university collections proved to be varied and were integrated into lectures and seminars, which was an innovative idea in Estonian education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]