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Efforts are being made to reduce the gender gap in entrepreneurship across the world (Kelley et al., 2017). Studies have established that the gender gap can be explained through the relationship of risk aversion predicting entrepreneurial intention and activity (Dawson & Henley, 2015; Ozaralli & Rivenburgh, 2016; Shinnar, Giacomin, & Janssen, 2012; Zhao, Seibert, & Lumpkin, 2010). We move the literature forward by showing evidence that fear of failure, a state-based construct capturing fear of failing to achieve one's goals is an antecedent to entrepreneurial activity above and beyond what can be explained by risk aversion. We also provide theoretical justification and empirical evidence that the fear of failure-entrepreneurial activity relationship is moderated by gender and perceived social support in a three-way interaction. While men experience less fear of failure than women, men are the ones that benefit from social support and experience a mitigating effect on how fear influences entrepreneurial activity. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how the knowledge workers in the labor force moderate the relationship between industry environmental conditions and entrepreneurial entry using two competing theoretical frameworks: the consensus theory and the conflict theory of employment. Results indicate that the two frameworks can be integrated to explain entrepreneurial entry in knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]