3 results on '"Orset, Caroline"'
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2. Health, environment, risk and uncertainty: analysis of individuals’ behaviours and firms’ investments
- Author
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ORSET, Caroline, Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris X - Nanterre, Marc Baudry, Jean-Marc Bourgeon, Meglena Jeleva, Bernard Sinclair Desgagné, Jean-Christophe Vergnaud, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense
- Subjects
uncertainty ,investissement ,Comportement ,health ,investment ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,environnement ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,incertitude ,information ,risque ,Behaviour ,lobby ,santé ,environment ,public policies ,politiques publiques ,risk - Abstract
This thesis for the accreditation to supervise research presents my work from 2011 to 2018,which focused on the individuals’ behaviours faced with a risk and the innovative firms’ in-vestments. First, the individual’s behaviour is estimated from the stated preference methods.The impact of information and several tax and regulatory devices (tax, subsidy and standard)is then examined in order to determine public health and/or environmental policies that areeffective in encouraging individuals to adopt behaviour that reduces the risk studied. Threerisks are analyzed : setting up home confinement to fight against an influenza epidemic ; theuse of plastic water bottles generating pollution and waste ; and the use of vehicles with highgreenhouse gas emissions increasing air pollution. Then, using the theory of real options andBayesian methods, the behaviour of innovative firms in their investment choices (reversibleor irreversible), acquisition of information and communication (lobbying) is studied. The im-portance of the firm’s leadership preferences, the effect of the precautionary principle and theliability rules on these choices, as well as the demand uncertainty and ambiguity on the levelof market competition, are then deepened; Ce mémoire d’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches présente mes travaux de 2011 à 2018qui ont porté sur les comportements des individus face à un risque et sur les choix d’investissement des entreprises innovantes. Tout d’abord, le comportement individuel est estimé à partir des méthodes de préférences déclarées. L’impact de l’information et de plusieurs dispositifs fiscaux et réglementaires (taxe, subvention et norme) est alors examiné afin de déterminer les politiques publiques de santé et/ou environnementales efficaces pour inciter les individus à adopter un comportement réduisant le risque étudié. Trois comportements affectant l’exposition au risque sont analysés : la mise en place du confinement à domicile afin de lutter contre une épidémie de grippe ; l’utilisation de bouteilles d’eau en plastique générant de la pollution et des déchets ; et l’usage de véhicules à fortes émissions de gaz à effet de serre accroissant la pollution de l’air. Ensuite, le comportement des entreprises innovantes dans leurs choix d’investissement(réversible ou irréversible), d’acquisition d’information et de communication (lobbying) est étudié en utilisant la théorie des options réelles et les méthodes bayésiennes. L’importance des préférences des dirigeants de ces entreprises, l’effet du principe de précaution et des règles de responsabilité sur ces choix, ainsi que celui de l’incertitude sur la demande et de l’ambiguïté sur le niveau de concurrence du marché, sont alors approfondis.
- Published
- 2018
3. Innovation and the precautionary principle.
- Author
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Orset, Caroline
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,PRECAUTIONARY principle ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,POLLUTER pays principle ,IRREVERSIBLE investments - Abstract
Recent environmental policies favour the polluter pays principle. This principle points out the pollutant financial liability for the eventual incidents induced by his activities. In this context, we analyse the decision of an agent to invest in new industrial activities, the consequences of which on human health and the environment are initially unknown. It is not possible for him to delay investing, but the agent has the opportunity to acquire information and to reduce the cost of an accident. This allows the agent to reduce uncertainty regarding dangers associated with the project and to limit potential damages that it might cause. However, the agent's chosen level of these actions may be considered as insufficient and not acceptable by society as response in the face of a possible danger. Precautionary state regulation may then be introduced. We appreciate that this regulation may slow down innovation and may favour innovation in countries with less safety requirements. We find that the agent may get around the goal of the regulation by ignoring the information on the dangerousness of its project. We then propose some policy tools which stimulate innovation and impose a certain level of risk considered as acceptable for society to the agent. Finally, we use a numerical analysis based on the Monsanto Company for studying the agent's behaviour with different regulatory frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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