10 results on '"Ceretta, Carlos Alberto"'
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2. Accumulation of phosphorus fractions and contamination potential in vineyard soils in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Schmitt, Djalma Eugênio, Comin, Jucinei José, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Gatiboni, Luciano Colpo, Tiecher, Tales, Lorensini, Felipe, Heinzen, Janaina, Ambrosini, Vítor Gabriel, Moraes, Marcel Pires de, and Brunetto, Gustavo
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phosphate fertilization ,phosphorus chemical fractionation ,environmental contamination ,phosphorus adsorption isotherms ,isotermas de adsorção de fósforo ,contaminação ambiental ,Vitis sp ,fracionamento químico de fósforo ,adubação fosfatada - Abstract
In vineyards, if phosphate is applied both before planting and at intervals during growth without consideration of technical criteria, the soil P fractions may be increased and their proportions altered. This study was carried out to evaluate the accumulation of P fractions and the parameters of the adsorption isotherm in a sandy Typic Hapludalf soil in vineyards with a history of successive and excessive phosphate fertilization. In December 2010, two vineyards were selected, one 4 and the other 15 years old, in Urussanga, State of Santa Catarina (Brazil). Three trenches were dug in each area and soil was collected from the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depth ranges. The soil samples were dried in a forced-air oven, sieved and subjected to chemical analyses, P chemical fractionation and P adsorption isotherms. Excessive phosphate fertilization, before and during cultivation, particularly in the older vineyard and, consequently, with a longer history of phosphate fertilization, increased the inorganic P concentrations to the depth of 20 cm, especially in labile fractions extracted by anion exchange resin and NaHCO3 in the non-labile fraction, as well as in the non-labile fraction extracted by 1.0 mol L-1 HCl. The application of phosphate fertilizers and the long cultivation period increased the P levels in the organic labile fraction extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO3, and especially in the moderately labile fraction extracted by 0.1 and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH. Phosphate fertilization of older vineyards, i.e., cultivated for 15 years, increased the amounts of P desorbed in water, indicating a risk of contamination of surface waters and groundwater. The phosphate fertilization before planting, without considering the results of soil analysis, and during cultivation, disregarding the results of soil analysis, leaf analysis and expected yield, led to a reduction in the maximum P adsorption capacity in the 0-5 cm layer of vineyard 2, indicating saturation of part of the reactive particle adsorption sites. As aplicações de fertilizantes fosfatados na adubação de pré-plantio e de manutenção, sem considerar critérios técnicos, podem causar o acúmulo e a alteração das frações de P em solos cultivados com videira. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar o acúmulo de frações de P em solos com textura arenosa, cultivados com videira e com histórico de aplicações excessivas de fertilizantes fosfatados. Em dezembro de 2010, foram selecionados dois vinhedos, um com quatro e outro com 15 anos de idade, localizados no município de Urussanga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram abertas três trincheiras em cada área e, em seguida, foi coletado solo nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm. O solo foi seco, passado em peneira e submetido a análises de atributos químicos, fracionamento químico de P e isotermas de adsorção. As aplicações excessivas de fertilizantes fosfatados na adubação de pré-plantio e de manutenção em vinhedos, em solos de textura arenosa, aumentaram o teor de P até 20 cm de profundidade, especialmente nas frações lábeis extraídas pela resina trocadora de ânions e NaHCO3 e na fração não lábil extraída por HCl 1,0 mol L-1. A aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados e o tempo de cultivo da videira influenciaram os teores de P em formas orgânicas na fração lábil extraída por NaHCO3 0,5 mol L-1 e, principalmente, na fração moderadamente lábil extraída pelos extratores NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 e 0,5 mol L-1. As adubações fosfatadas nos vinhedos com longo período de cultivo, 15 anos, aumentaram a quantidade de P dessorvido em água, indicando risco de contaminação ambiental das águas superficiais e subterrâneas. A adição de fertilizantes fosfatados na adubação de pré-plantio, sem considerar os resultados da análise de solo, da adubação de manutenção, do tecido vegetal e da expectativa de produção, resultou nos valores mais baixos de capacidade máxima de adsorção P na camada de 0-5 cm do vinhedo 2, com longo período de cultivo, indicando a saturação de parte dos sítios de adsorção.
- Published
- 2013
3. Formas de perdas de cobre e fósforo em água de escoamento superficial e percolação em solo sob aplicações sucessivas de dejeto líquido de suínos
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Girotto, Eduardo, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Santos, Danilo Rheinheimer dos, Brunetto, Gustavo, Andrade, Juliano Gomes de, and Zalamena, Jovani
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soil pollution ,environmental contamination ,organic fertilizer ,adubação orgânica ,poluição do solo ,contaminação ambiental - Abstract
As aplicações sucessivas de dejeto líquido de suínos podem aumentar os teores de cobre e fósforo na camada superficial do solo, aumentando as perdas de suas formas por escoamento superficial e percolação. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as perdas e as formas de cobre e de fósforo na solução escoada, na superfície e percolada em solo submetido a aplicações sucessivas de dejeto líquido de suínos, em sistema plantio direto. O experimento utilizado neste estudo foi instalado no ano de 2000, sobre um solo Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico. Os tratamentos foram aplicações sucessivas de 0, 40 e 80m³ ha-1 de dejeto líquido de suínos a lanço e na superfície do solo, em sistema plantio direto. Para este trabalho, foram coletadas soluções escoadas e percoladas, durante o ciclo da aveia preta (Avena strigosa), no inverno de 2006, quando o solo apresentava um histórico de 16 aplicações de dejeto. Nas soluções, foi quantificado o sedimento e determinados os teores de Cu, P, cátions e ânions, pH, carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) e condutividade elétrica (CE). Usando o programa Visual MINTEQ, versão 2.15, se realizou a especiação iônica de Cu e P nas soluções. As maiores perdas de cobre e fósforo do solo ocorrem por escoamento superficial, em áreas submetidas a aplicações sucessivas de dejeto líquido de suínos em sistema plantio direto. O potencial contaminante desses elementos ficou evidenciado pela presença do cobre na forma predominante orgânica (CuCOD) e do fósforo nas formas livres (HPO4(2-) e H2PO4-), na solução escoada. Successive pig slurry application can increase the copper and phosphorus levels in the soil and the losses of these elements by surface runoff and percolation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the losses and the forms of both copper and phosphorus in the surface runoff and also in/on the percolation solution, on soils with successive pig slurry application under no tillage system. The experiment was installed in 2000, at Typic Hapludalf soil. The treatments consisted of successive applications of 0, 40 and 80m³ ha-1 of pig slurry applied on soil surface in no tillage system. Samples of surface runoff and percolated solutions were collected during the life cycle of oat (Avena strigosa) in the 2006 winter, when the soil had a history of 16 pig slurry applications. The following parameters have been evaluated: Cu, P, cation, anion and pH, dissolved organic carbon and electric conductivity. The Visual MINTEQ program version 2.15 was utilized to estimate the copper and phosphorus ionic speciation. The surface runoff is the most important form of copper and phosphorus loss of the soil. In addition, copper was found in the organic form (CuCOD) and phosphorus in the free forms (HPO4(2-) e H2PO4-) in the surface runoff solution. Thus, these elements could be an important source of water contamination in places where pig farming is widespread.
- Published
- 2010
4. Alterações no teor de fósforo no solo com aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos
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Berwanger, Alexandre Leo, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, and Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer
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environmental contamination ,eutrophication ,organic residues ,estercos ,contaminação ambiental ,resíduos orgânicos ,isotermas de sorção ,pig slurry ,sorption isotherms - Abstract
Os dejetos líquidos de suínos servem como fonte de nutrientes às plantas, porém, quando o seu uso é inadequado, podem causar o acúmulo de P no solo, que posteriormente pode ser transferido para o meio aquático, causando eutrofização. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial de risco de contaminação ambiental com o uso de dejeto líquido de suíno, mensurando as alterações ocorridas no teor de P no solo e nas isotermas de sorção. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arenico. Foram utilizadas as doses de 0, 40 e 80 m³ ha-1 de dejetos líquidos de suínos, distribuídos a lanço sobre a superfície antes da semeadura de cada espécie numa rotação de culturas. A aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos na superfície do solo sob sistema plantio direto, aportando quantidades de P superiores àquelas exportadas pelas culturas, aumentou o P disponível do solo até 15 cm de profundidade. A saturação dos sítios de adsorção de fosfato do solo, avaliada pelos parâmetros de equação de Langmuir, é proporcional à dose de dejetos líquidos de suínos. A concentração de P na solução de equilíbrio P, a quantidade de P dessorvida com água e a constante que pode dar informação sobre a afinidade do fosfato com o solo da superfície foram alteradas pela aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos, indicando um favorecimento à dessorção de P caso estes sejam erodidos para mananciais de águas superficiais. Pig slurry serves as plant nutrient source, but may cause phosphorus accumulation in the soil when used improperly, which later can be transferred to the aquatic environment causing eutrophication. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of environmental contamination by continuous use of pig slurry, measuring alterations in phosphorus content in the soil and in the sorption isotherms. The study was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in a Typic Hapludalf. The effects of applying 0, 40 and 80 m³ ha-1 pig slurry broadcast over the soil surface before sowing of each species in a crop rotation were studied. The pig slurry, applied on the soil surface under no tillage, contained phosphorus quantities superior to those exported by crops, which increased the available soil phosphorus to a depth of 15 cm. The saturation of the soil phosphate adsorption sites, as indicated by the parameters of the Langmuir equation, was proportional to the pig slurry rate. The pig slurry application altered the concentration of phosphorus in the equilibrium solution, the amount of phosphorus desorbed with water and the constant describing the affinity of phosphate for the substratum surface. The observed changes point to a risk of phosphorus desorption in case the sediments are transferred to surface water bodies.
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- 2008
5. Copper Accumulation and Availability in Sandy, Acid, Vineyard Soils.
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Miotto, Alcione, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Girotto, Eduardo, Trentin, Gustavo, Kaminski, João, De Conti, Lessandro, Moreno, Toselli, Elena, Baldi, and Brunetto, Gustavo
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COPPER , *FUNGICIDES , *SANDY soils , *ORGANIC compounds , *ULTISOLS - Abstract
The use of copper (Cu)-based fungicides to control diseases in vineyards can cause excessive Cu accumulation in soils. Greater Cu availability is expected in acid sandy soils with low organic matter (OM), where the risk of toxicity to plants and environment contamination is high. This study aimed to study the evolution of Cu in acid, sandy soils planted with grapevines for a period of time between 2 and 32 years. Two studies were carried out in South Brazil: in the first study, soil samples, from 19 vineyards were collected and analyzed in the first 0.2 m depth-layer for the total and available Cu. In the second study, 3 soils were selected among the previous 19 according to the age of vineyard (5, 11, and 30 year-old), and their 0.60 m-depth profile was analyzed for 5 fractions of Cu (soluble, exchangeable, mineral, organic, and residual). All the soils were classified as Ultisols. The vineyards with more than 25 years under cultivation had a mean total Cu concentration of 90 mg kg−1in the 0–0.10 m layer. Approximately 80% of it was potentially available to plants. The greatest total and available Cu were found in the soil surface layers (0.2 m depth), where up to 75% of the total Cu is adsorbed in clay minerals and only 20% is complexed in the OM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Phosphorus fractions in soil with a long history of organic waste and mineral fertilizer addition.
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da Rosa Couto, Rafael, Avelar Ferreira, Paulo Ademar, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Lourenzi, Cledimar Rogério, Basso Facco, Daniela, Tassinari, Adriele, Piccin, Rogério, De Conti, Lessandro, Colpo Gatiboni, Luciano, Schapanski, Denis, and Brunetto, Gustavo
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ANIMAL waste recycling ,SOIL composition ,MANURE handling ,MANURES & the environment ,FERTILIZERS ,ORGANIC wastes - Abstract
Applications for long periods of organic animal waste as a source of nutrients to crops can contaminate the soil and the surface and subsurface waters. This study aimed to evaluate how the utilization of organic waste, after successive applications, affects P fractions in the soil and consequently environmental contamination. In an experiment conducted for 8 years, totaling 12 applications with pig slurry manure (PSM), liquid cattle manure (LCM), swine deep bedding (SDB), and mineral fertilizer (NPK), 460; 505; 1.111; and 535 kg P·ha
-1 were added to the soil through PSM, LCM, SDB, and NPK, respectively. In September 2012, soil samples were collected in the layers 0.0 - 0.04; 0.04 - 0.08; 0.08 - 0.12; 0.12 - 0.16; 0.16 - 0.20 m, prepared and subjected to a sequential chemical fractionation of P. The 12 applications of pig slurry, liquid cattle manure, swine deep bedding and NPK fertilizer for eight years (urea + triple superphosphate + potassium chloride) provided accumulations of P fractions in the soil that were above the necessary for a proper nutrition to plants considering the available P fractions (AER + organic NaHCO3 + inorganic NaHCO3 ) in the soil. In addition, they showed that the use of swine deep bedding, followed by pig slurry, means higher levels of available P fractions in the soil. In this sense, the establishment of a dosage of organic waste to meet the nitrogen need of crops is not an environmentally appropriate parameter. It may cause P accumulation in the soil, increased absorption ability of plants and soil support, contributing to environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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7. Nutrient transfer by runoff under no tillage in a soil treated with successive applications of pig slurry
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Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Girotto, Eduardo, Lourenzi, Cledimar Rogério, Trentin, Gustavo, Vieira, Renan Costa Beber, and Brunetto, Gustavo
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RUNOFF , *TILLAGE , *ANIMAL waste , *SWINE , *SOIL mineralogy , *POLLUTION , *ORGANIC fertilizers , *SOILS - Abstract
Abstract: High rates and successive applications of pig slurry can cause nutrient transfer by surface runoff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of surface runoff in transferring nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) under a no tillage system and for successive applications of pig slurry. The research was carried out in the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil, from 2002 to 2007 in a Typic Hapludalf soil. Pig slurry rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80m3 ha−1 were applied, scattered on the surface, before the sowing of each species in a cultivation sequence. On average 119, 238 and 475kgha−1 yr−1 of N; 102, 203 and 406kgha−1 yr−1 of P and 43, 87 and 173kgha−1 yr−1 of K were added, for rates of 20, 40 and 80m3 ha−1 of pig slurry, respectively. Samples of water runoff from the soil surface were collected during the entire period and the minerals, N, P and K were determined. Successive applications of pig slurry decreased surface runoff. In relative terms, the K losses were higher than N and P. As regards total nutrients applied through pig slurry, losses through surface runoff were of 2.74, 1.61 and 1.37% of mineral N; 6.29, 5.01 and 3.51% of available P and 17.16, 9.01 and 11.14% of available K, for the three rates of applied pig slurry, respectively. Repeated applications of pig slurry on a no tillage managed soil caused losses of N, P and K from the soil through surface runoff, in the sequence: K>P>N. The losses of N and K are positively related to the volume of surface runoff, whereas the losses of P are positively related to the quantities of P added through pig slurry. Applications of pig slurry along the years decrease the surface runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Forms of nitrogen and phosphorus transfer by runoff in soil under no-tillage with successive organic waste and mineral fertilizers applications.
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Lourenzi, Cledimar Rogério, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Ciancio, Nathalia Haydee Riveros, Tiecher, Tadeu Luis, da Silva, Lincon Oliveira Stefanello, De Conti, Lessandro, Girotto, Eduardo, Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar, Vidal, Ricardo Fagan, Scopel, Gustavo, Marchezan, Carina, and Brunetto, Gustavo
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ORGANIC wastes , *MINE waste , *RUNOFF , *NO-tillage , *HUMUS - Abstract
The use of organic wastes in southern Brazil is a common practice in the farms and in many of these, the criterion for defining the doses of organic wastes is to meet the N demand by crops. This may mean the accumulation of chemical elements in the soil, especially in soils managed under no-tillage systems, and enhance the transfer of these elements by surface runoff. The aim was evaluated how successive applications of organic and mineral sources of nutrients in a long-term experiment, managed under no-tillage system in a subtropical environment, influence the transfer of quantities and forms of N and P by surface runoff. The experiment was carried out in southern Brazil, in a Typic Hapludalf soil. The treatments consisted of the application of pig slurry, pig deep litter, cattle slurry, mineral fertilizer and a control, without nutrients. The doses of organic wastes were to meet the N demand by crops. Were evaluated the surface runoff and the transfers of mineral N and forms of P (soluble, particulate, and total) from 2009 to 2013 period. The amount of solution transferred by surface runoff decreased with fertilization and present a negative relationship with the soil organic matter (SOM). The transfers of mineral N increased with the increase in the contents of SOM, but decreased with the runoff. The transfers of P forms present a great relationship with the amounts of P applied and the contents of soil P extracted by Mehlich-1, and more than 55% of total P transferred by surface runoff, in the treatments that received nutrients application, is on soluble form. In addition, the transfer of soluble, particulate and total P was lower with mineral fertilizer application, when compared with organic wastes. This suggest that the use of N demand by crops as a criterium to meet the doses of organic wastes is not adequate in subtropical environment. • Use of organic wastes as a source of nutrients for plants allows to close nutrient cycles. • The use of nitrogen to set the dose of organic wastes, adds high amounts of phosphorus to the soil. • The organic wastes use increased transfers of nitrogen and phosphorus by surface runoff. • The transfers of nitrogen and phosphorus by surface runoff cause contamination of water sources. • Need to reduce the quantities of organic wastes applied, adjusting the requirements of crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Heavy metals in soil and plants in soil with long history of fertilization of organic sources and mineral nutrients
- Author
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Faversani, Jessica Carolina, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Silva, Leandro Souza da, and Girotto, Eduardo
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Nutrient release ,Dejetos de animais ,Fertilizante mineral ,Environmental contamination ,Segurança alimentar ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO [CNPQ] ,Food security ,No-tillage system ,Organic waste ,Contaminação ambiental - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The application of organic and mineral fertilizers in agricultural areas, especially, in no-till system and over the years, can promote increased levels of heavy metals and as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) in the soil, which may be contaminants and ground water but may also be absorbed and accumulated in plants, and even exported by the grain entering the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate how changes of heavy metals in the soil, caused by use of several years of organic and mineral sources, can be reflected in its content in shoots of oat, corn and wheat, and corn and wheat grains. The study was carried in the experimental area of the Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was installed in 2004 and the treatments were control (without nutrient application) and application of pig slurry (PS), pig deep-litter (PL), cattle slurry (CS), and mineral fertilizers (NPK). August 2014 soil samples were collected and aerial part of black oats (Avena strigosa) (Winter 2013), maize (Zea mays) (2013/14 crop) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Winter 2014) and grains of wheat and maize. The elements analyzed were Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and found out that there was an increase of their content in the soil with frequent applications of organic and mineral fertilizers, however, without exceed the maximum set by CONAMA 420. The crops of oat, corn and wheat showed addition of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in plant tissue, but the contents of these elements in corn and wheat grains suggest that the use of organic sources do not represent potential risk to the consumption of grains these cash crops. Aplicação de fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais em áreas agrícolas, especialmente, sob plantio direto e ao longo de anos, pode promover o aumento dos teores e metais pesados, como arsênio (As), cádmio (Cd), chumbo (Pb), cromo (Cr), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e níquel (Ni) no solo, que podem ser contaminantes do solo e águas, mas também podem ser absorvidos e acumulados em plantas, e até exportados pelos grãos, ingressando na cadeia alimentar. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar como as alterações nos os teores de arsênio, cádmio, chumbo, níquel, cromo, zinco e cobre no solo, motivadas pelo uso por vários anos de fontes orgânicas e mineral, podem se refletir no seu conteúdo na parte aérea de plantas de aveia preta, milho e trigo, e nos grãos de milho e trigo. O trabalho foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). O experimento foi instalado no ano de 2004 e os tratamentos foram dejetos líquidos de suínos (DLS) e de bovinos (DLB), cama sobreposta de suínos (CSS), adubação mineral (uréia + superfosfato triplo + cloreto de potássio) e testemunha (sem a aplicação de nutrientes). Em agosto de 2014 foram coletadas amostras de solo, dejetos e parte aérea e grãos de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa) (inverno de 2013), milho (Zea mays) (safra 2013/14) e trigo (Triticum aestivum) (inverno de 2014). Foram analisados os elementos As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn e constatou-se que houve acréscimo de seus teores no solo com as frequentes aplicações de fertilizantes orgânicos e mineral sem, contudo, ultrapassarem os valores máximos estabelecidos pelo CONAMA 420. As culturas de aveia preta, milho e trigo mostraram acréscimo de Cr, Cu, Ni e Zn no tecido vegetal, mas os teores destes elementos nos grãos de milho e trigo sugerem que o uso das fontes orgânicas não representam potencial risco para o consumo de grãos destas culturas comerciais
- Published
- 2014
10. Availability and transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in sandy typic hapludalf soil submitted to the application of sources of nutrientes
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Cerini, Jackson Berticelli, Ceretta, Carlos Alberto, Brunetto, Gustavo, and Ferreira, Paulo Ademar Avelar
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Escoamento ,Mineral fertilizer ,Dejetos líquidos de bovinos ,Environmental contamination ,Dejetos líquidos de suínos ,Percolação ,Run off ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO [CNPQ] ,Percolation ,Cattle slurry ,Adubação mineral ,Contaminação ambiental ,Pig slurry - Abstract
The swine and cattle activities are of great economic and social importance in Brazil in the southern region, but generate of large volumes of waste, that when applied to the soil can be mineralized and part of the nutrients released can be absorbed by plants or transferred by runoff or percolation. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the rate of mineralization, availability and transferences of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for the solution runoff and percolation in the profile in a Sandy Typic Hapludalf under application of nutrient sources. Two experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), in Santa Maria (RS). For the experiment 1, soil samples of a Sandy Typic Hapludalf were collected in October 2010, prepared and carried the following treatments: soil, soil + pig slurry, soil + deep-litter; soil + cattle slurry and soil + mineral fertilizer. These soils were incubated during 0, 20, 35, 58, 73 and 123 days and then, samples were collected and submitted to analysis of mineral-N (N-NH4 + e N-NO3 -), P extracted by exchanged anion resin and K by exchanged cation resin. The experiment 2 was installed in 2004, at the experimental area of the Department of Soils of UFSM. The treatments were: control, pig slurry, deeplitter, cattle slurry and mineral fertilizer. Each source of manure has been applied to provide the N demand of corn (Zea mays L.) and oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). From May 2010 to February 2011, samples of runoff and percolated in the profile solution were collected; the volume was measured and the content mineral- N (N-NH4 + e N-NO3 -), P e K in the solution was analyzed. The highest rate of N mineralization occurred in soil under the application of pig slurry and increased availability of P and K was observed with the application of litter of pigs. The greatest transfer of N, P and K occurred in the soil under the application of deeplitter A suinocultura e a bovinocultura são atividades de grande importância econômica e social na região sul do Brasil, mas geram grande volume de dejetos, que quando aplicados ao solo podem ser mineralizados e parte dos nutrientes liberados podem ser absorvidos pelas plantas ou transferidos por escoamento superficial ou percolação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de mineralização, a disponibilidade e a transferência de nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) pela solução escoada na superfície do solo e percolada no perfil do solo, em um Argissolo Vermelho submetido à aplicação de fontes minerais e orgânicas de nutrientes. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em Santa Maria (RS). No experimento 1, para avaliação da disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, amostras de um Argissolo Vermelho foram coletadas em outubro de 2010, preparadas e aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: solo; solo + dejetos líquidos de suínos; solo + cama sobreposta de suínos; solo + dejetos líquidos de bovinos e solo + adubação mineral. As amostras foram incubadas por 0, 20, 35, 58, 73 e 123 dias, coletadas e submetidas à análise de N-mineral (N-NH4 + e N-NO3 -), de P extraído pela Resina Trocadora de Ânions (RTA) e de K pela Resina Trocadora de Cátions (RTC). No experimento 2, para a avaliação das transferências de nutrientes foi instalado em 2004 na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da UFSM os tratamentos: testemunha, dejetos líquidos de suínos, cama sobreposta de suínos, dejetos líquidos de bovinos e adubação mineral. Cada fonte de nutriente foi aplicada para fornecer a demanda de N do milho e da aveia preta. Entre os meses de maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 foram coletadas amostras da solução escoada na superfície do solo e percolada no perfil e, em seguida foi quantificado o volume e, logo depois foi analisado os teores de N mineral (N-NH4 + e N-NO3 -), P e K na solução. A maior taxa de mineralização de N aconteceu no solo submetido à aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos e a maior disponibilidade de P e K foi observada com a aplicação de cama sobreposta de suínos. As maiores transferências de N, P e K ocorreram no solo submetido à aplicação de cama sobreposta de suínos.
- Published
- 2012
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