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Currently, water resources management is still focused on on-site water resources infrastructure to achieve optimal water utilization, with almost never considered land management in which water resources are produced naturally. The research aim is to study the water balance in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed, and to simulate a land use plan and development of water resource infrastructure to fulfill the need for water in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. Existing water availability was calculated using stream discharge data from River Flow Measurement Station Empang, whereas water demand has been analyzed for domestic, industries, agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry. Totally, water availability in the Upper Cisadane Sub-Watershed was ± 222.9 MCM (Million Cubic Meters) year-1, which was higher than the demand for water of as much as ± 209.8 MCM year-1 and resulted in a water surplus of ± 13.1 MCM year-1. However, water availability was not evenly distributed throughout the year, and there was always a water deficit in the dry season. To overcome drought during the dry season, five simulations of land use management and construction of water retention infrastructure were carried out using the SWAT model. The water deficit in the Upper Cisadane SubWatershed will be overcome by the consistent application of the spatial plan of West Java Province, reforestation of converted forest areas, applied agroforestry in agricultural land, and development of a reservoir with a storage capacity of 30 MCM.

Soil hydraulic conductivity is one of the important soil characteristics that determines the amount and proportion of water that will be infiltrated into the soil column and flowing as surface runoff. It is strongly influenced by soil porosity and soil characteristics that affect the soil porosity such as soil texture and structure and soil organic matter content (internally factors) as well as land management and the intensity of plant canopy cover (external factors). This research is aimed to identify the character of soil hydraulics conductivity in different landuse that consist of forest, agricultural land (moor land, cacao plantations, intensive and conservation annual crops), and green open space areas. The results showed that: a) forest conversion into agricultural land led to the decline of soil quality such as decreased levels of soil organic matter, soil porosity and distribution of soil pores so that the conversion of forest land into agricultural land decreases the soil hydraulic conductivity of both for the initial value and saturated hydraulic conductivity; b) forets canopy cover density affects the soil quality and soil hydraulics conductivity, where high canopy cover has the higher value of soil hydraulics conductivity compared to medium and low canopy forest; c) Situgede tourism forest has the lowest soil hydraulics conductivity compared to other forest types; d) soil hydraulics conductivity in conservation annual crops is higher than intensive annual crops land and Situgede tourism forest and it’s not significantly different from the soil hydraulics conductivity in low canopy forest; and e) soil hydraulics conductivity in green open spaces area were strongly determined by the naturalness of landscape and human intervention level on its formation and management, where the UI city forest and Lembah Gurame city park which were function as ecotourism areas has the lower soil hydraulics conductivity compared to great forest park.

The research is aimed to analyze leachate, surface water and ground water characteristics around Galuga landfill site, Bogor District. Water samples had been taken in dry season of 2014 and in the end of rainy season of 2015 from several sites in areas around Galuga landfills which included leachate water, surface water, and ground water. Leachate, surface water and ground water had temperature and pH in normal ranges; whereas nitrate and Pb contents were high to very high levels, especially in site adjacent to waste piles. The concentrations decreased in line with increasing distance from waste piles. Higher content of nitrate in leachate occurred in dry season, but in well water it was found in rainy season. Meanwhile, Pb content in well water were high, both in dry and rainy seasons. Concentrations of nitrate and Pb in leachate water were higher than wastewater quality standard, so that the leachate water were not safe to be discharged directly to natural water body. The high content of nitrate and Pb caused the well water unsuitable to be consumed without water treatment processing.

Land use changes from forest to non forest on a large scale causing environmental damage and decrease the hydrologycal function of a watershed. The problem of forest change can be reduced by identifying, assessing and mapping of high coservation value areas based on requirements that led an area to be important outside the protected areas. This study was conducted at Ciliwung Upper Watershed. The aim of the research were identify the high conservation value areas base on environmental services aspect with erosion and sedimentation control (HCV 4.2), and b) analyze the consistency of HCV 4.2 to land capability class and Goverment Rule No 26 year 2008. The RUSLE equation to identify the area of HCV 4.2 is modified in HCV Toolkit that ignore the land management and conservation practice aspect. Land capability is classified base on Klingibel and Montgomary, but there are just 4 criteria which is used in this research (erosion, slope, depth of solum, and drainage). The result showed that 90% of total area of research was identified as area of HCV 4.2. There are 7 class of land capability (class I, II, III, IV, VI, VII and VIII) where the class IV and VIII are dominant in the area. From consistency analysis, it is known that 75% of area of HCV 4.2 is inconsistent with land capability class and Goverment Rule No 26 year 2008.

Physical properties of soil are good for plant growth is closely related to the management of the soil, so it will need to integrate of physical properties to get an overall assessment with making soil physical quality index (SPQI). This study aims to an evaluation of physical properties and determines the physical quality index using several unit treatments to produce various physical qualities on Groundnut/Arachis hypogeal L. The location of the research was carried out in a farmer's garden in Cimaung Village, Cikeusal District, Serang Regency, Banten Province (Coordinates 6o12’14’’ S dan 106o11’52’’E). To analyze the SPQI using several physical properties of the soil such as texture, bulk density, porosity, permeability, and aggregate stability. Each indicator has a scoring parameter to assess the soil physical quality index with a score range of 0-5. An assessment SPQI in a land unit is able to describe the various physical qualities of the soil which are represented by several physical properties of the soil. The unit treatment which class categorization of soil physical quality index indicated slightly good (U2), medium (U1, U3-U6), and slightly poor (U7) as a control.