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Hermanella maculipennis (Ulmer) = Thraulus maculipennis ULMER, 1920: 30 (male); NEEDHAM & MURPHY, 1924: 44; ULMER, 1943: 28. = Traverella maculipennis; EDMUNDS, 1950: 551; ALLEN, 1973: 1287; HUBBARD, 1982: 267. = Hermanella (Guayakia) maculipennis; DOMÍNGUEZ & FLOWERS, 1989: 563 (male, female, nymph); HUBBARD, DOMÍNGUEZ & PESCADOR, 1992: 212. DOMÍNGUEZ & CUEZZO, 2002: 160; SALLES, DA-SILVA, HUBBARD & SERRÃO 2004: 24. = Hermanella maculipennis; DOMINGUEZ, MOLINERI, PESCADOR, HUBBARD & NIETO, 2006: 397; LIMA, NASCIMENTO, MARIANO, PINHEIRO & SALLES, 2012: 202; LIMA, SALLES & PINHEIRO, 2012: 309; NASCIMENTO & SALLES, 2013: 12; SARTORI, KUBIAK & RAJAEI, 2016: 55. = Hermanella (Hermanella) maculipennis in Hermanellognatha-Hermanella/g3; KLUGE, 2007: 396. = Thraulodes limbatus Navás, 1936. New Synonym., Published as part of Mariano, Rodolfo, Gonçalves, Inês C. & Peters, Janice, 2023, The identity of Thraulodes limbatus Navás, 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), pp. 479-482 in Zootaxa 5315 (5) on pages 480-481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8142379, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1920) Neue Ephemeropteren. Archiv Fur Naturgeschicthe, 85, 1 - 80.","Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E. (1924) Neotropical mayflies. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, 24, 1 - 79.","Ulmer, G. (1943) Alte und neue Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) aus S ¸ d- und Mittelamerika. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 104, 14 - 46.","Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1950) Notes on Neotropical Ephemeroptera. I. New and little known Leptophlebiidae. Revista de Entomologia, 21, 551 - 554.","Allen, R. K. (1973) Generic revisions of mayfly nymphs. 1. Traverella in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 66, 1287 - 1295. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 66.6.1287","Hubbard, M. D. (1982) Catalogo abreviado de Ephemeroptera da America do Sul. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 34, 257 - 282.","Dominguez, E. & Flowers, W. (1989) A revision of Hermanella and related genera (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from subtropical South America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 82, 555 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 82.5.555","Hubbard, M. D., Dominguez, E. & Pescador, M. (1992) Los Ephemeroptera de la Republica Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 50, 1 - 4.","Dominguez, E. & Cuezzo, M. G. (2002) Ephemeroptera egg chorion characters: A test of their importance in assessing phylogenetic relationships. Journal of Morphology, 253, 148 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1117","Dominguez, E., Molineri, C., Pescador, M. L., Hubbard, M. D. & Nieto, C. (2006) Ephemeroptera of South America. Vol. 2. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, 646 pp.","Lima, L. R. C., Nascimento, J. M. C., Mariano, R., Pinheiro, U. & Salles, F. F. (2012 b) New species and new records of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Eastern Brazilian Coast. International Journal of Limnology, 48, 201 - 2013. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2012011","Lima, L. R. C., Salles, F. F. & Pinheiro, U. (2012 a) Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 56 (3), 304 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262012005000043","Nascimento J. M. C. & Salles, F. F. (2013) New species of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 3718 (1), 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.1.1","Sartori, M. & Kubiak, M. & Rajaei, H. (2016) An ubdated list of type matrerial of Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms, 1890, deposited at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (ZMH). ZooKeys, 607, 49 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 607.9391","Kluge, N. J. (2007) A new taxon Hermanellonota, or subtribe Hermanellini subtr. n. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae, Hagenulini), with description of three new species from Peruvian Amazonia. Russian Entomological Journal, 16 (4), 127 - 137.","Navas, L. (1936) Insectos del Brasil. 5 Serie. Revista do Museu Paulista, 20, 731 - 734."]}

Mariano, Rodolfo, Gonçalves, Inês C., Peters, Janice (2023): The identity of Thraulodes limbatus Navás, 1936 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Zootaxa 5315 (5): 479-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.4

Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Gonçalves, Inês C., Mariano, Rodolfo, Hamada, Neusa (2020): One less monotypic genus in Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera): A new species of Bessierus Thomas & Orth and new record from Brazil. Zootaxa 4820 (1): 195-200, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.11

Bessierus doloris Thomas & Orth, 2000 in Thomas, Orth, Horeau & Dominique (2000) (Figure 2) Bessierus doloris Thomas & Orth 2000: 50, (nymph); Domínguez et al., 2019: 379–381, figs. 2–3 (male imago); Neto et al. 2020: 345. Material examined. 1 male subimago; Amapá; M. Amapá; Rio Amapá Grande, Cachoeira Grande; 3 m alt.; 02º09’43.1”N / 50º55’17.3”W; 07.viii.2011; A. Pes, P. V. Cruz, A. Fernandes, N. Hamada cols; light trap; INPA. Diagnosis. Male imago: (1) penis lobes widely separated from each other (Figure 2c); (2) base of each penis lobe, on outer margin, without expansion; (3) telopenis broad; (4) inner margin of basal 1/3 of forceps segment I smoothly rounded.

Bessierus riobranco sp. n. (Figure 3) Material examined. Holotype, 1 male imago in alcohol, wings on slide; Brazil; Amapá; Oiapoque; Balneario Rio Pantanahy (Pantanari); 3 m alt.; 03º47’54.3”N / 51º48’05.5”W; 08.viii.2011; A. Pes, P. V. Cruz, A. Fernandes and N. Hamada cols; light trap; INPA. Diagnosis. Male imago can be separated from B. doloris by the following combination of characters: (1) penis lobes closer to each other, almost touching (Figs 3d and 3e); (2) base of each penis lobe, on outer margin, expanded (Fig. 3e); (3) telopenis slender (Fig. 3e); (4) inner margin of basal 1/3 of forceps segment I straight (Fig. 3d). Description. Male imago. Length of body 4.3 mm, forewing length 4.0 mm, cerci broken and missing. General coloration: yellowish brown. Head (Figs 3b and 3c): light brown, tinged with orange between ocelli; upper portion of eyes orangish, lower portion black; ocelli white, surrounded with black. Antennae light yellow brown. Thorax (Figs 3b and 3c) orange-brown, sutures darker. Wings (Fig. 3a): membrane of fore wings hyaline, veins C, Sc and R1 tinged with yellowish, remainder of veins yellowish, lighter rearward. Legs broken off and missing. Abdomen (Figs 3b and 3c): terga yellowish-brown, terga I light brown, terga II–VIII shaded with light brown, terga with light V-shaped area medially and laterally on anterior margin. Sterna grayish-white. Genitalia (Figs 3 d–3f): styliger plate yellowish-brown, forceps yellowish-brown, lighter towards apex; inner margin of basal 1/3 of forceps segment I straight. Penis yellowish-orange, close to each other, almost touching; base of each penis lobe, on outer margin, expanded; telopenis slender. Caudal filaments broken and missing. Female imago and nymph. Unknown Etymology. In honor of Barão do Rio Branco, a Brazilian diplomat, lawyer, historian, geographer, journalist, politician, and professor. Due to his diplomatic efforts, he managed to peacefully resolve several territorial disputes, consolidating the borders of modern Brazil. One of his accomplishments was the addition of the territory of Amapá State, which became a part of Brazil in 1900, after a diplomatic dispute with the government of France. Name in apposition.

Dasyplocia aequatorialis sp. nov. Gonçalves, Pescador & Peters Nymph: Length: male (mature, black wing-padded) 25 mm; female (not mature) 29–31 mm. Specimen coloration fading therefore few color features are described. Dorsolateral margins of head blackish anterior to antennal insertion; eyes black; ocelli faded but probably white with inner margin black; antennae with scape and pedicel same color as head, flagellum lighter (Figs 1–3). Labrum with baso-lateral margins black (Fig 8). Color of abdomen completely faded; gills purplish grey. Penes of mature nymph long, fused on basal 1/3, apparently with an apical non-sclerotized process (Figs 6–7). Etymology: “ aequatorialis “ – referring to country of Ecuador. Material: Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe Province, small stream 19 km SE Paquisha, 1,010 km, 21.ix.1990, Pescador, M.L. leg., Holotype: 1 female nymph (NMNH); paratypes: 1 mature male nymph (wings dissected, two slides) and 1 female nymph (mouthparts dissected and illustrated (FAMU).

Dasyplocia gen. nov. Gonçalves, Pescador & Peters Diagnosis: Male subimago – 1) Hind wing approximately 4x shorter than forewing (Fig 17); 2) MP2 of forewing not recurved basally (Fig 17); 3) Median caudal filament well developed. Nymph – 1) Head almost as long as wide, length including clypeus more than 0.8x its width (Figs 1–3); 2) Clypeus long, quadrate, with apicolateral projections (Figs 1–3); 3) Mandibular tusks comparatively short, stout, densely covered with long hair-like setae and lacking spine-like setae (Figs 1–3); 4) Tusk length about 6.5x width (Figs 1–3); 5) Apex of tusks not truncated (Figs 1–3); 6) Third segment of maxillary palp about 5.5x longer than wide (Fig 13); 7) Apex of 3 rd segment of maxillary palp with acute, long and narrow projection (Fig 14); 8) Apex of 3 rd segment of labial palp with rounded projection (Fig 12); 9) Anterior margin of flanges on pronotum semi-rounded (Figs 1–3, 15); 10) Tarsus I with apical projection, projection about as long as tarsal claw (Fig 4); 11) Tibia I with long projection, reaching half the length of tarsus (Fig 4); 12) Tibial projection without setae on its margins; 13) Gill I with single lamella (Fig 16). Nymph: Head: Almost as long as wide, length more than 0.8x its width including clypeus; clypeus quadrate with medial region of anterior margin convex and anterolateral corners acute; antennae long, at least 3x longer than length of head (Figs 1–3). Mouthparts: Labrum: lateral margins subparallel; anterior margin with medial shallow emargination; lateral margins and dorsal surface with few scattered setae and median basal cluster of setae; anterior margin with dense row of setae (Fig 8). Mandibular tusks a little longer than head (less than 1.25x length of head); tusks short, stout, sickle-shaped, lacking spine-like setae; densely covered with hair-like setae except for ventral surface; length about 6.5x width (Figs 1–3). Right mandible: 4 apical denticles on outer incisor and 2 on inner incisor, prostheca absent (Fig 11); left mandible: 4 apical denticles on outer incisor and 3 on inner incisor, prostheca sclerotized, straight and cylindrical (Fig 10). Maxillae: 3 apical canines and one strong subapical setae; inner margin distally with 2 rows of strong setae; inner margin densely covered with long setae basally; outer margin of maxillae with long setae; apical margin with inner half covered with dense rows of shorter setae; basal segment of palpi with setae on lateral margins; 2 nd and 3 rd segments densely covered with setae on all surfaces; apex of 3 rd segment constricted, acute and narrow; 3 rd segment about 5.5x times longer than wide and 2x longer than 2 nd segment (Figs 13–14). Labium: glossae and paraglossae densely covered with setae ventrally; glossae tear-drop shaped; paraglossae dorsal to glossae; outer margin of palpi with long setae, setae shorter on 1 st segment and denser on 3 rd segment; 3 rd segment with patch of short spine-like setae dorsally and 5 strong setae adjacent to patch; 3 rd segment more than 2x length and width of 2 nd segment, balloon-shaped with apex acute (Fig 12). Hypopharynx: lingua subquadrate with shallow median emargination distally and with scattered long setae; distal margin densely covered with short setae; superlinguae with distal margin, inner margin and distal half of outer margin covered with long setae (Fig 9). Thorax: Collar on pronotum present. Pronotum with short anterolateral spines; marginal flanges progressively wider anteriorly, with wide and somewhat rounded apex (Figs 1–3 and 15). Hind wing pads very small in comparison with forewing pads. Prosternum with a pair of oblique ridges, forming a narrow triangle with posterior margin. Legs: Tarsal claws without denticles; legs covered with setae, setae sparse on middle and hind legs. Forelegs with coxae close to each other; anterior margin of femora covered with long setae on dorsal and lateral surfaces; tibiae and tarsi densely covered with long setae, apical projection of tibiae long (reaching half the length of tarsi), inner margin of projection glabrous; tarsi also with a long apical projection (about as long as tarsal claw) and covered with setae (Fig 4). All legs without tibial suture; projection on tibiae bordered with strong setae; inner margin of tibiae and tarsi with row of strong setae. Hind legs with cluster of short setae on distal ventral surface; inner margin of tibiae with rows of short setae. Abdomen: Gills on segments I-VII; gill I vestigial with broad single lamella (Fig 16). Caudal filaments long, with setae along entire length. Male subimago: The nymph with black wing pads provides a good view of the genitalia, terminal filaments and to a certain extent of the wings; wings were dissected from wingpads. Wings: Forewing about 13.1 mm and hind wing about 3.3 mm. Dissected wings in poor condition; fork of vein MA of forewing distal to fork of vein Rs, MP2 straight, other veins and intercalaries not visible (Fig 17). Hind wing torn; venation not clear. Terminal Filaments: median caudal filament well developed (broken on its length) (Fig 5). Genitalia: Forceps with two segments, distal segment shorter than basal segment. Penes tubular, constricted apically (Fig 5). Penes morphology is likely to change on adult male as is often the case in other Euthyplociidae such as in Campylocia. Male imago, female imago and subimago: Unknown. Etymology: “Dasys” – Greek word meaning “thick with hair” in reference to the dense concentration of long hair-like setae found on the mandibular tusks; plocia – as in genera of Euthyplociidae; feminine.

Key to male specimens of Polyplocia 1. Veins without dark clouds around cross veins and wing margins translucent; membrane of forewing colored only on C and Sc fields, purplish; abdominal sterna without markings............................................ Polyplocia vitalisi - Veins with dark brown clouds around cross veins and margins of wings with brownish tinge; membrane of forewing without purplish color on C and Sc fields (Sc field may be a little darker); abdominal sterna with a pair of blackish marks on anterolateral margins......................................................................................... 2 2. Styliger plate rounded and projecting posteriorly; penes narrow, divided, V-shaped, fused only near base; penes apparently without dorsal spine...................................................................... P. campylociella - Styliger plate short and straight, not projected; penes broad, T-shaped, fused except at apex; each lobe of penes with small dorsal spine laterally directed............................................................... P. nebulosa sp. nov.

Polyplocia nebulosa sp. nov. Gonçalves & Peters Diagnosis. 1) Wings with longitudinal veins light brown and cross veins brown, cross veins with narrow dark brown clouds and margins tinged with brown (Figs. 2 and 5); 2) Sterna II-IX with a pair of blackish brown anterolateral marks (Figs. 12); 3) Penes broad, T-shaped, fused, with medial groove extending from apex to half length of penes; large laterally projecting lobes apically rounded with a small dorsolateral spine; basal outer margin of each lobe sclerotized (Figs. 7–10); 4) Styliger plate short and straight, not projected posteriorly; 5) Eggs 265– 267 µ m in length and 170–186 µ m in width, barrel shaped, without polar caps or other attachment structures, with one visible micropyle and chorion forming an irregular mesh with raised ridges, mesh size from 3.8–8 µ m (Figs. 13–14). Male Imago —Length (mm): Body = 13–17; Forewings = 13–16; Hind wings = 6–8. Head: Yellowish shaded with black between lateral ocelli; eyes black; ocelli yellowish white surrounded by black ring. Antennae covered by brown shade. Thorax: Pronotum yellowish, translucent, shaded with black; yellowish brown laterally; about as long as wide, trapezoidal in shape with a membranous elevated ridge on posterior margin (Fig. 6). Meso- and metanota yellowish brown, parascutellum yellowish; posterior margin of metanotum shaded with black. Prosternum with median crest divided into two oblique ridges forming a wide triangle with the posterior margin. Wings: Membrane translucent, longitudinal veins light brown, cross veins darker brown with narrow dark brown clouds; margins of wings tinged brown (Figs. 2 and 5). Vein C of forewings brown with small spines along entire length; fork of MA slightly distal to or on same level as fork of Rs; ICu reaching CuP, second parallel intercalary present (Figs. 1–2). Hind wings with C folding over Sc forming a groove to effect coupling with forewings; vein R1 rising from base of wing; MP forked; anal region with several long veinlets directed toward margin (Figs. 3 and 5). Legs: Yellowish. Coxae of fore and median legs shaded with black, hind coxae sometimes with light black shading; apex of femora tinged with black, darker on forefemora. Forelegs with basal half of femora possessing spines on outer margin; apex of tibiae with black mark, tibiae covered with short spines. Tarsal claws similar, both somewhat pointed (Fig. 4). Abdomen: Yellowish. Terga shaded with brown except for medial longitudinal line extending from terga I–X; a pair of pale, apical, submedial drop-shaped spots on terga II-IX, and paler more distal sublateral marks on terga II– X, pale marks large on terga II–V (Fig. 11). Sterna II–IX with a pair of anterolateral blackish brown marks (Fig. 12). Caudal filaments yellowish with light black shading, with short setae on terminal filament and shorter lateral setae on cerci. Genitalia: Styliger plate yellowish brown, short, straight, not projecting posteriorly (Fig. 7). Forceps yellowish, outer margin rugose with yellowish brown shading; distal portion with scattered short setae, particularly on apex (Figs. 7–9). Penes yellowish, T-shaped, broad, fused, with medial groove extending from apex to half length of penes; each penis lobe rounded apically and strongly curved laterally with a long, lateral projection and a small dorsolateral spine; basal outer margin of each lobe sclerotized (Figs. 7–10). Variations: In some male imagos deposited at PERC, distomedial marks were not always visible on abdominal terga II–III. In others, these marks were indistinct and blended with the pale color of the posterior margin. Three males had deformed penes, with apical lobes collapsed; on these the genitalia had dried in such a way that the dorsal spines could be seen in ventral view. Female Subimago —Length (mm): Body = about 18 (abdomen curved); Forewings = 18; Hind wings = 6. Color pattern similar to male imago. Head with remnants of mandibular tusks. Posterior margin of pronotum not elevated; shading on abdomen darker. Fore and hind legs missing. Subanal plate short, truncate. Caudal filaments dark brown. Female Imago —Length (mm): Body = about 18 (abdomen curved); Forewings = 17; Hind wings = 7. Color pattern similar to male imago. Head without remnants of nymphal tusks. Posterior margin of pronotum not elevated. Wings as in male imago, with more long intercalaries on forewings: a pair between R3/R4+5, one between MA1/IMA, a pair between MA2/MP1 as well as shorter intercalary between IMP/MP2. Forelegs missing. Brown shading on abdomen darker. Subanal plate short, truncate. Caudal filaments missing. Variations: Presence of additional intercalary veins varied on the left and right wing on the single female described, evidence for intraspecific variation in this species. This may be true for the genus as a whole. Eggs (described from female subimago)—Measurements (µ m): Length = 265–267; Width = 170–186; Mesh = 3.8–8. Barrel-shaped, without polar caps or other attachment structures, one visible micropyle, chorion forming an irregular mesh with raised ridges (Figs. 13–14). Possible Nymph —Length (mm): Female—Body = 19; Male—Body = 14. Nymphs are tentatively associated based on the color on abdominal sterna and shape of nymphal male genitalia. Head: Brown with light black shading along lateral branches of epicranial suture, posterior to median ocellus and anterior to lateral ocelli, area between lateral ocelli slightly lighter. Clypeus projected anteriorly. Eyes black, ocelli white with inner margin black. Antennae with scape, pedicel and base of flagellum brown, flagellum yellow distally; antennae longer than mandibular tusks (Fig. 16). Mouthparts: Labrum (Fig. 19): brown; lateral margins divergent, anterior margin with median shallow emargination; labrum with longitudinal sub-basal row of long setae, a median subapical row of short dense setae, and bordered with simple setae, setae dense on anterior margin. Mandibles (Figs. 16–17): yellowish brown, tusks brown and incisors and molae dark brown; tusks long, sickle shaped, apex truncate, length more than 2x that of head; several long slender setae on margins, rows of setae forming a filtering network on inner margin; dorsal surface covered with small spine-like setae; larger spine-like setae on distal half (Fig. 17); left mandible: 4 denticles on outer and 3 on inner incisors; prostheca short, truncate, broader apically; right mandible: 4 denticles on outer and 2 on inner incisors; prostheca absent. Maxillae: palpi with 3rd segment about 2.6x longer than 2nd segment, 3rd segment long, at least 6x longer than wide; palpi with many long setae, particularly on 2nd and 3rd segments. Labium (Fig. 21): glossae and paraglossae densely covered with setae ventrally; glossae drop shaped, ventral; paraglossae meet above glossae; palpi with long simple setae, mostly on outer margins; 3rd segment with several short strong setae dorsally, much broader and about 1.5 x longer than 2nd segment, acutely rounded apically. Hypopharynx: lingua cordiform with deep medial emargination distally; distal margin with short simple setae; superlingua with dense long setae on distal and inner lateral areas. Thorax: Brown with black markings on pro- and mesonota. Pronotum with anterolateral corners projected beyond posterior border of eyes, not reaching half its length; lateral flanges pale, translucent and forming an acute apical projection subequal in size to anterolateral projections (Fig. 16). Metanotum yellowish brown. Legs: Yellowish brown; tarsal claws without denticles. Fore and middle legs with a row of spine-like setae on inner and outer margins of femora; distoventral surface of hind femora with area covered by short setae. Foreleg (Fig. 16): tibia with apical projection short, less than half length of tarsus; margins of projection bordered with strong setae; tarsi with apical projection shorter than claw; apex of tarsi and its projection densely covered by short setae. Middle leg: apex of tibia with short projection; area around projection and inner margin of tarsi with dense concentration of short plumose setae; patello-tibial suture present. Abdomen (Fig. 15): Yellow, heavily shaded with black, except for a medial longitudinal line, on terga I–X and paler submedial markings as in male. Sterna yellowish, with a pair of anterolateral black marks, one on each corner. Gills purplish gray, gills I bifurcated, vestigial, dorsal portion longer and wider than ventral portion (Fig. 20); gills II–VII long, longer than 1.5x length of subjacent abdominal segment, narrow, lanceolate, fringed; dorsal and ventral portions of same length. Cerci and median filament whitish yellow, shaded with black on base, paler toward apex; setae at annulations. Etymology. nebulosa (latin) meaning “a cloud“ or “mist“ in allusion to the brown tinge on margins of wings. Type material. Holotype: Malaysia, Sabah, Sungai Moyog, tributary 8 miles East of Penampang, 01.X.1978, G.F. Edmunds col., 1 male imago (FAMU)[approximate coordinates 5°55'N / 116°09'E]; Paratypes: same data, 2 male imagos (FAMU) 11 male imagos (PERC); Malaysia, Sabah, Sungai Moyog, 3 miles East of Penampung, 29.IX.1978, G.F. Edmunds col., 1 female subimago (FAMU) [approximate coordinates 5°55'N/116°07'E]; same data, 1 female imago (PERC). Additional material. Polyplocia nebulosa sp. nov. possible nymph: Malaysia, Sabah, Borneo stream 1 km S. of Poring Hot Springs, CL 2023, 02.VIII.1985, J.T. & D.A. Polhemus col., 7 nymphs (PERC) [approximate coordinates 5°54'N / 116°09'E]; Malaysia, Sabah, Borneo, Samalang River, 7 km S. of Ranau, CL 2026, 03.VII.1985, J.T. & D.A. Polhemus col., 3 nymphs (PERC) [approximate coordinates 6°02'N / 116°42'E]. Polyplocia vitalisi type: Tonkin, 08.IV.1920, Vitalis de Salvaza, 1 male imago (IRSNB). Polyplocia campylociella: Sarawak, 2 males, Lestage Collection (IRSNB); Sarawak, Mt. Penrissen, 3.000 ft, Dr. E. Mjöberg, 1 female, Lestage Collection (IRSNB). Polyplocia orientalis: Vietnam, Lam Dong Prov., Bao Loc, Da Mre stream, 450 (alt.), 22.III.2002, V.V. Nguyen & D.H. Hoang col., 1 nymph (DZRJ). Polyplocia spp.: Thailand, Phrae Province, Wieng Ko Sai National Park, Namtok Mae Koeng Luang, 350 m, 17o58’N / 99 o35’E, L-295, 14.III.2002, R.W. Sites, Vitheepradit, Kirawanich, G. W. Courtney col., 3 female imagos, 1 female nymph (FAMU); Thailand, Phayao Province, Doi Luang National Park, Nam Tok Cham Pa Thong, 620 m, 19o13’N / 99o4’E, 17.III.2002, R.W. Sites, Vitheepradit, Kirawanich, G.W. Courtney col., 10 nymphs, both sexes (FAMU); Thailand, Nan Province, Doi Phu Ka National Park, Nam Tok Sila Phet, 400 m 19o05’N / 100o56’E, L-292, 13.III.2002, R.W. Sites, Vitheepradit, Kirawanich, G.W. Courtney col., 1 young nymph (FAMU); Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Huai Kaew above Monthathan, 800 m, 18o49’N / 98o55’E, 15.III.2002, G.W. Courtney col., 2 young nymphs (FAMU); Thailand, Chiang Rai Province, Doi Luang National Park, Namtok Pu Kaeng, 540 m, 19o26’N / 99o42’E, 17.III.2002, G.W. Courtney col., 5 nymphs, both sexes (FAMU)

Tricorythodes diasae sp. nov. Gonçalves, Da-Silva and Nessimian Male Imago. Diagnosis: 1) Vein CuP of wings absent or incomplete (Fig. 16); 2) distal 3 / 4 of hind legs black; 3) inner margins of styliger plate projected (Fig. 17); 4) penes rectangular with lateral margins sclerotized, forming two distal lobes inserted apico-dorsally with rounded margins (Fig. 17). Nymph. Diagnosis: 1) Maxillary palpi one-segmented with distal setae (Fig. 22); 2) Genal projection absent; 3) anterolateral projections of pronotum absent; 4) Tubercles absent on head and thorax; 5) tarsal claws with 10–11 denticles, without distal setae (Fig. 23); 6) dorsal surface of fore femora with transversal row of setae on median region (Fig. 21); 7) femora narrow, not bordered by a row of long setae (Figs. 20–21); 8) lateral margins of abdominal terga III–VI expanded, terga VII–VIII bearing posterolateral spines (Fig. 19); 9) opercular gill triangular, yellowish, with scattered blackish dots (Fig. 24). Description. Male Imago: Length: 2.8–3.2mm body; 2.7 –3.0mm wing. General coloration translucent white with black markings. Head: Brown suffused with blackish spots. Eyes and ocelli black. Scape, pedicel and flagellum whitish washed with brown. Thorax: Pronotum translucent whitish washed with blackish spots, lateral margins brown. Mesonotum brown, posterior margin blackish. Membranous filaments short, inconspicuous. Metanotum whitish, heavily shaded with black. Prosternum whitish with blackish dots. Meso and metasternum yellowish. Wings: Membrane hyaline, veins blackish. Basal third of Sc possessing blackish spots along the vein. Vein CuP absent or incomplete (Fig. 16). Legs: Forelegs with coxae, trochanteres and femora yellowish-white; tibiae, tarsus and tarsal claws whitish; last tarsal segment faintly washed with black. Mid legs with coxae, trochanteres and femora yellowish-white; tibia, tarsus and tarsal claws whitish. Hind legs with coxae, trochanteres and basal fourth of femora yellowish white; distal 3 / 4 of femora and tibia washed with black; tarsus and tarsal claws whitish. Abdomen: Terga translucent white heavily washed with black (Fig. 18). Sterna translucent white; lateral margins of sterna I–IV washed with black; remaining segments becoming more heavily shaded towards end of the abdomen. Caudal Filaments translucent white, basal segments washed with black. Genitalia: Forceps and penes translucent white. Inner margin of forceps projected. Penes rectangular with lateral margins sclerotized; possessing two distal lobes with lateral margins rounded; distal lobes inserted dorsoapically (Fig. 17). Female Imago: Unknown. Mature Nymph: Length: 4.5mm body; 2.7–3.2mm caudal filaments. General coloration yellowish with blackish markings. Head: Yellowish; washed with black between eyes and ocelli. Scape, pedicel and flagellum yellowish. Mouthparts yellow; maxillary palpi one-segmented with apical setae (Fig. 22). Genal projection absent. Thorax: Pronotum yellow; heavily shaded with black. Antero-lateral projection absent. Mesonotum yellowish; metanotum whitish yellow. Sterna yellowish. Legs: Yellowish. Fore femora with median transversal row of long setae (Fig. 21). Hind femora dorsally shaded with faint blackish (Fig. 20). Tarsal claw with 10–11 denticles (Fig. 23). Abdomen: Terga yellowish heavily shaded by blackish. Sterna yellowish with lateral margins shaded with black. Lateral margins of segments III–VI expanded; segments VII and VIII with postero-lateral spines (Fig. 19). Operculate gills triangular; all gills yellowish with scattered blackish dots. Gill formula 2–3 – 3 – 3 – 2 (figs. 24–29). Caudal filaments yellowish, with row of long setae on joints. Variations: In some specimens, shading on terga VIII–X formed a pair of yellowish marks medially. Biology. Tricorythodes diasae sp. nov. nymphs were found on pool litter and marginal banks on slow current areas of rivers. These substrata were usually covered by sediment, commonly found covering the body of nymphs of the genus. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of Lucimar G. Dias, friend and researcher of Ephemeroptera. Type material. Holotype: Brazil, RJ, Macaé, Glicério, Córrego Duas Barras, 146m, 22 o 14 ' 41.2 ''S 42 o03' 30.2 '', 22.III. 2009, Jardim G.A. & Sampaio, B.H.L. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1579); Paratypes: Brazil, RJ: Macaé, Frade, Rio das Pedras, 262m, 22 o 14 ' 28 ''S / 42 o06'05.7'', 20.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 2 males imagoes (DZRJ 1580); Macaé, Estrada Frade-Sana, Rio São Pedro, 426m, 22 o 13 ' 45.1 ''S / 42 o07' 39.6 ''W, 20.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 2 male imagoes (DZRJ 1581); Macaé, Córrego das Aduelas, 10m, 22 o 12 ' 27.9 ''S / 41 o 50 ' 24.2 ''W, 15.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1582); Macaé, 1 o order tributary of Córrego das Aduelas, 15m, 22 o 12 ' 11.8 ''S / 41 o 50 ' 55.4 ''W, 15. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1584); Macaé, Cachoeiros de Macaé, Rio Macaé, 68m, 22 o 25 ' 49.5 ''S / 42 o 12 '06.6''W, 05. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1585); Casimiro de Abreu, Figueira Branca, Ribeirão da Luz, 77m, 22 o 25 ' 48.2 ''S / 42 o 12 ' 14.9 ''W, 05. IV.2009, 21 male imagoes (DZRJ); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Córrego dos Patos, 644m, 22 o 24 '08.6''S / 42 o 19 ' 14.2 ''W, 06.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 3 male imagoes (DZRJ 1588); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Toca da Onça, Rio Bonito, 608m, 22 o 24 '05.6''S / 42 o 19 ' 17.8 ''W, 05.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 8 male imagoes (DZRJ 1589 and DZRJ 1590); same locality, 2008, Nessimian, J.L., Dumas, L.L. & Santos, A.P.M. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1591); Nova Friburgo, Cascata, Rio Macaé, 370m, 22 o 22 '03.2''S / 42 o 15 ' 27.8 ''W, 08.III. 2009, Alecrim, V.P. leg. 2 nymphs (DZRJ 1592 and DZRJ 1593); Nova Friburgo, Encontro dos Rios, Rio Macaé, 515m, 22 o 23 ' 37.1 ''S / 42 o 18 ' 20.6 ''W, 08.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 3 nymph (DZRJ 1594); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Rio Boa Vista, 900m, 22 o 19 '02.1''S / 42 o 17 ' 28.5 ''W, 15.XI. 2008, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 nymph (DZRJ 1595); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Rio Macaé, 600m, 22 o 21 ' 47.3 ''S / 42 o 18 ' 37.6 ''W, 16.XI. 2008, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 nymph (DZRJ 1596). Discussion. Nymphs of Tricorythodes diasae sp. nov. resemble those of T. barbus Allen, 1967 by having abdominal segments III–VI expanded as well as lack of tubercles on head and thorax, and no subapical black markings on tibiae and tarsi. In spite of that, they can be identified by the maxillary palpi (one-segmented with apical setae), lack of genal projection and antero-lateral projections on prothorax, posterolateral spines of the abdomen on segments VII–VIII, and tarsal claw with 3–4 marginal denticles and 1–2 submarginal denticles. Whereas T. barbus presents maxillary palpi 3 -segmented also with apical setae, genal projection and antero-lateral projections of prothorax present, posterolateral spines of the abdomen on segment VII and tarsal claw with one pair of submarginal denticles. Male imagoes of T. diasae sp. nov. are quite unique among Tricorythodes species from possessing lobes of penes distinctively separated and inserted dorso-appically on penes, with rounded margins.

Thraulodes jones sp. nov. Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian Male Imago (Holotype): Length: body 12.0 mm; forewing 12.4 mm; hind wing 2.0 mm. General coloration light brown, with dark brown markings. First abdominal segments whitish. Wings hyaline. Head: Area between eyes and ocelli dark brown. Anterior margin of head yellowish, translucent. Ocelli white surrounded by black ring. Upper portion of turbinate eyes orange brown. Base of antenna surrounded by dark brown; scape with dark brown ring and pedicel dark brown; flagellum yellowish. Thorax: Pronotum yellowish bearing two median dark marks extending to posterior margin. General color of mesonotum and metanotum light brown. Posterior area of mesonotum yellowish, apex dark brown. Prosternum and mesosternum dark brown. Mesosternum with two median longitudinal light brown lines. Metasternum whitish with two dark brown markings. Thoracic pleura whitish with dark brown marks. Legs: Femora of foreleg whitish with a blackish subtriangular basal mark; blackish median band, well marked centrally and inconspicuous toward margins; inner margin of femora with apical half blackish; apical margin of femora blackish; area between median band and apex orange brown. Tibia light orange brown, distal fourth blackish. Tarsus brown with base and apex whitish; last tarsal segment and tarsal claws blackish (Fig. 1). Median and hind legs similar to foreleg in color, except for lack of basal blackish mark on femora; tarsi yellowish, with last tarsomere blackish. Wings: Membrane of wings hyaline with dark brown stain at base (Figs. 2–3). Forewing veins brownish, hind wing veins whitish. Area between C, Sc and R 1 of forewing whitish toward apex. Five basal and 17–18 cross-veins distal to bullae. Abdomen: Tergum I whitish with wide anteromedian blackish mark. Terga II–VI whitish translucent bearing 3 pairs of sub apical marks: median, sublateral and lateral. Terga VII–X orange brown. Terga VII–IX possessing one lateral sub apical blackish mark; anterior and posterior margins dark brown, except for anterior margin of tergum IX. All terga possessing a blackish dash on lateral margins (Fig. 4). Sterna whitish translucent. Sterna I–VII with pair of median, sub apical and apical-lateral blackish spots. Sterna VIII–IX without marks. Genitalia: Styliger plate whitish bearing very subtle grooves, posterior median projection present with rounded apex. Forceps whitish, first segment with distal half washed with gray, second segment with rounded internal distal projection. Penes long and slender, without lateral pouch. Inner margin sclerotized; apicolateral area with acute projection directed externally and posterioly; subapical spines long and projected internally and posteriorly (Fig. 5). Caudal filaments whitish, with wide and narrow dark brown bands irregularly distributed. Variations: Body measurements were smaller in some specimens, about 10.0 mm body length; 11.0 mm forewing; and 2.0 mm hind wing; Paratypes showed scape whitish and flagella shaded with dark brown. In one male paratype, the triangular mark at base of fore femora was absent and only 4 cross-veins basal to bullae were found. The dashes on lateral margins of abdominal terga were less conspicuous at first abdominal segments on one paratype. Female Imago: Length: body 10.0–11.0 mm; forewing 11.5–12.7 mm; hind wing 1.4 –2.0 mm. General coloration light brown, abdomen shaded with dark brown. Wings hyaline. Head: Area between eyes and ocelli shaded with dark brown. Eyes black. Ocelli white surrounded by black. Anterior margin of head yellowish. Scape yellowish, pedicel dark brown and flagellum shaded with dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum yellowish; anterior and posterior margins of pronotum dark brown; median mark shaded with dark brown from which 2 pairs of marks arise, one on each side of pronotum. General color of mesonotum and metanotum as in male. Prosternum and metasternum whitish. Mesosternum dark brown with two median longitudinal light brown lines. Legs: Legs similar to male. Wings: Wings similar to male, except for having 3–4 cross-veins basal to bullae and C, Sc and R 1 area of forewing not whitish toward apex. Abdomen: Terga I–III shaded with dark brown; tergum IV also shaded except for yellowish median triangular mark extending from middle to posterior margin; terga V–VI yellowish shaded with dark brown on anterior area; tergum VII yellowish with anterior and posterior margins shaded with dark brown; tergum VIII yellowish, shaded with dark brown on anterior margin; terga IX–X yellowish; terga III–VI with a pair of sub apical dark brown marks; all terga possessing a dark brown dash on lateral margins. Sterna I–VI with a pair of apico-lateral dark brown marks, remaining sterna yellowish. Apex of female sternum cleft, V-shaped. Caudal filaments whitish, with wide and narrow dark brown bands irregularly distributed. Variations: Some females showed terga VII–IX more heavily shaded with dark brown. Females collected at Macaé de Cima, Nova Friburgo, were found to be slightly bigger: body 11.5 –12.0 mm; forewing: 15.0– 16.2 mm; hind wing: 2.0– 2.1 mm. They also showed a color pattern more intense than described above, prosternum with dark brown median mark and abdominal sterna with color pattern as in males. Mature Nymph (male): Length: body: 10.0–11.0 mm; caudal filaments: more than 13.0 mm (broken). General color dark brown with light brown areas. Head: Ocelli black; area surrounding ocelli light brown. Eyes black; turbinated portion dark brown reddish. Antennae about 2.6–2.7 times the size of the head, scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum light brown. Labrum brown with basal lateral area light brown, wider than clypeus; its width about 3 times its length; presence of apical and sub-apical rows of whitish long setae (Fig. 6); anterior margin straight; with five very subtle emarginations (Fig. 7); lateral margins rounded. Mandibles with row of whitish setae on outer margin extending to level of outer incisor; setae long on distal half and short on basal half; outer margin projected; inner margin of outer incisor and both margins of inner incisor serrate; molars with serrate ridges; prosthecae well developed. Incisors, outer margin and basal third of mandibles brown; apical third whitish; molars and prosthecae light brown (Figs. 8–9). Right mandible outer incisor with three apical denticles; inner incisor with two denticles (Fig. 10); setae near molars light brown. Left mandible possessing 3 denticles on inner and outer incisors (Fig. 11). Maxilla whitish, flattened and rectangular; apical margin brown with row of apical long brown setae, simple and pectinated, and sub-apical interrupted row of shorter but thicker setae; inner margin bordered by long light brown setae, culminating on single pectinated setae; outer margin brown, dark brown basal to palpi insertion; posterior margin light brown, with light brown setae; palpi brown with outer margin bordered by long whitish setae, denser on segment III; inner margin of segment III and apical third of segment II with row of long setae (Fig. 12). Hypopharynx whitish with light brown setae; superlingua bearing long setae on apical margin and at base (Fig. 13); apex of lingua ventrally covered by short setae; outer margin more densely setose so that the region appears to be somewhat darkened. Labium yellowish white; densely covered by long light brown setae on glossa and apical third of paraglossa; first segment of palpi with scattered whitish setae on inner and outer margins; second segment with denser setae at apical third, outer margin with long setae and inner margin bearing short, spine-like setae (Fig. 14). Thorax: Pronotum brown with several scattered light brown spots; lateral margins light brown with sublateral dark brown stripe, posterior margin with light brown border not reaching lateral margins. General coloration of mesonotum dark brown, scattered with several brown spots; two brown longitudinal lines one on each side of median suture. Wing pads light brown, veins dark brown. Thoracic sterna yellowish. Legs: Femora of all legs brown with light brown marks, tibia, tarsi and claw light brown. Foreleg (Fig. 15): coxa with wide dark brown margin, outer margin bordered by long simple setae; femora dark brown with one basal, one sub-median and one sub-apical light brown marks; basal mark lighter, with inner grayish spot; outer margin with row of simple long setae and fewer shorter clavate setae, inner margin with few long simple setae, not as long as those of outer margin; margins and dorsal area of femora presenting short bristles; outer margin and dorsal region of tibia with row of simple setae, not as long as those on femora; inner margin with row of spines; apical half of tibia and tarsus somewhat shaded with brown; tarsus bearing simple setae. Tarsal claws with seven denticles, apical denticle over twice longer than subapical denticle (Fig. 16). Mid leg (Fig. 17): similar to foreleg except femora with one basal and one sub apical light brown mark and inner margin with row of strong short spines; outer margin of tibia with fringe of long simple setae; inner margin without setae. Hind leg (Fig. 18): similar to foreleg except basal mark of femora less conspicuous than in other legs, reduced to a line; inner margin with row of strong short spines, slightly longer than those of mid leg; outer margin of tibia fringed with long simple setae, short bristles and few clavate setae, inner margin with row of short bristles and row of long simple setae, although not as long as those of femora; outer margin of tarsus with row of simple long setae, some clavate setae and short bristles; Abdomen: Terga I–VII mainly dark brown, postero-lateral areas light brown; terga VIII–X light brown, somewhat yellowish. Tergum X with median mark and lateral margins dark brown (Fig. 19). Caudal filaments brownish. Posterior margin of terga and caudal filaments with row of spines, longer on caudal filaments. Gills purplish gray, with symmetrical lamellae; main trachea strongly pigmented but branches are visible although weakly marked; gills broad, tapering toward apex (Fig. 20). Variations: Body length was higher on female mature nymphs, reaching 12.0 mm. Some specimens showed different abdominal color pattern, with dark brown anterior margin on tergum VIII and on tergum IX, this coloration was interrupted on median region. Aside that, subtle variations on color intensity were found, with specimens overall darker or lighter on their color patterns. Type material: Holotype: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Rio Boa Vista, Cachoeira Indiana Jones, 900 m, 22 o 19 '02.1"S / 42 o 17 ' 28.5 "W, 15.xi. 2008, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 800); Alotype: Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, tributário de primeira ordem do Córrego Santa Margarida, 844 m, 22 o 20 ' 35.5 "S / 42 o 18 '00.0"W, 16.xi. 2008, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. (Light trap) 1 female imago (alotype; DZRJ 807). Paratypes: same data, 2 nymphs (MZUSP); same data, 1 nymph (DZRJ 802); same locality and date, Alecrim, V.P. leg. 6 nymphs (DZRJ 803); same data, 1 nymph (DZRJ 804); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, Rio Boa Vista, 583 m, 22 o 23 ' 57.9 "S / 42 o 19 ' 14.6 "W, 15.xi. 2008, Alecrim, V.P. leg. 1 nymph (DZRJ 805); Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, first order tributary of Córrego Santa Margarida, 844 m, 22 o 20 ' 35.5 "S / 42 o 18 '00.0"W, 16.xi. 2008, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. (Light trap), 1 male and 3 female imagos (MZUSP); same data, 1 male imago (DZRJ 806); Additional material: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima, Rio Macaé, 935 m, 22 o 24 ' 46 "S / 42 o 31 ' 16.2 "W, 12.ix. 2009, Alecrim, V.P. leg., 4 female imagos (DZRJ 812); same data, Gonçalves, I.C. leg., 1 nymph (MZUSP); same locality, 13.ix. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg., 1 female imago (DZRJ 809); same data, 1 female subimago (DZRJ 810); same data, 5 nymphs (DZRJ 811); same locality, 14.ix. 2009, Alecrim, V.P. leg., 3 female imagos (MZUSP); same locality, 18.ix. 2008, Alecrim, V.P. leg., 4 nymphs (DZRJ 808); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima, Rio Macaé, 977 m, 22 º 25 ’ 30.6 ’’S / 42 º 32 ’00.7’’W, 13.ix. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg., 3 nymphs (MZUSP); Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Paquequer, 933 m, 22 ° 27 ' 8.13 "S / 42 ° 59 ' 31.77 "W, 10.v. 2008, Henriques-Oliveira, A.L., Santos, A.P.M. & Ferreira-Jr., N. leg. (light trap), 1 male subimago (DZRJ 816); Macaé, Sana, Córrego do Colégio, 294 m, 22 ° 20 ' 23.4 "S / 42 ° 12 ' 13.5 "W, 19.ii. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. (light trap), one female subimago (DZRJ 818); same data, 1 male and 2 female imagos (DZRJ 819); São Paulo: Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Núcleo Picinguaba, Rio da Fazenda, 41 m, 23 ° 20 ' 16.7 "S / 44 ° 50 ' 10.9 "W, 02.x. 2005, Santos, A.P.M. & Dumas, L.L. leg. (Light trap), 1 male and 2 female subimagos (DZRJ 821); same locality and date, Santos, A.P.M. leg. (Light trap), 1 male subimago (DZRJ 822). Etymology: The name jones is a reference to the type locality, the Boa Vista river at Indiana Jones waterfall. Life cycle associations: Nymphs and adults were associated from one male nymph (Holotype) and two female nymphs reared to adult stage. Biology: Nymphs were found on rocky stream bottoms in areas of moderate current.

Tricorythodes chalaza sp. nov. Gonçalves, Da-Silva and Nessimian Male Imago. Diagnosis: 1) Vein CuP incomplete or absent (Fig. 1); 2) inner margins of styliger plate projected (Fig. 2); 3) basal swelling on segment II of forceps shaded with black (Fig. 2); 4) penes pyramidal with lateral margins sclerotized, divided apically (Fig. 2). Nymph. Diagnosis: 1) Maxillary palpi one segmented with distal setae (Fig. 7); 2) genal projections absent; 3) anterolateral projections of pronotum absent; 4) pronotum with prominent median tubercle (Fig. 5); 5) tarsal claws with 13–14 denticles without distal setae (Fig. 6); 6) dorsal surface of fore femora with transversal row of setae on submedian region (Fig. 9); 7) femora narrow, bordered by a row of setae as in Figs. 8–9; 8) abdominal color pattern as in Fig. 4; 9) lateral margins of abdominal terga III–VII expanded, tergum VIII possessing posterolateral spines (Fig. 4); 10) opercular gills triangular, yellow, with blackish shade (Fig. 10). Description. Male Imago: Length: 2.3–3.2mm body; 2.8–3.1mm wing. General coloration yellowish with black markings. Head: Yellowish, with black markings on posterior margin and two brownish markings near posterior margin and ocelli. Ocelli grayish white surrounded by black. Scape and pedicel whitish suffused with brown; flagellum light brown. Thorax: Pronotum whitish with black markings; two wide postero-lateral light brown markings on pronotum. Mesonotum light brown; lateral margins black on anterior and posterior ends; membranous filaments absent. Metanotum light brown. Sterna light brown. Wings: Membrane hyaline; longitudinal veins grayish and cross veins translucent white. Base of wings and vein C shaded with gray. Vein ICuA usually not jointed at base to CuA; when jointed, vein ICuA becomes very light colored and translucent near junction. CuP incomplete or absent (Fig. 1). Legs: Coxae and trochanteres of fore legs whitish with black markings; coxae and trochanteres of mid and hind legs yellowish with black markings. Femora whitish possessing black markings. Mid legs more suffused with black than fore legs, only lightly shaded; hind leg more strongly suffused than fore and mid leg. Tibiae whitish. Tarsal segments and tarsal claws yellowish; fourth tarsal segment of fore legs lightly shaded with gray on basal half. Abdomen: Whitish heavily suffused with black, so that only a median whitish longitudinal line can be seen on terga (Fig. 3). Sterna translucent white, gonads can be seen by transparence on final terga. Caudal filaments whitish shaded by black becoming fainted toward apex. Genitalia: Whitish; inner margin of forceps projected, basal swelling on segment II of forceps heavily shaded with black. Penes pyramidal with lateral margins strongly sclerotized; penes with apical division (Fig. 2). Variations: Some specimens had overall body coloration more heavily shaded with black, particularly on the head, thoracic terga and legs. In a few individuals, penes also presented a pair of black markings at base. Female Imago: Unknown. Mature Nymph: Length: 3.3–3.7mm body; 2.3 –3.0mm caudal filaments. General coloration yellowish with black markings. Head: Yellow with median region and posterior margin of head bearing black markings. Antennae yellowish. Mouthparts yellow. Maxillary palpi one-segmented with apical setae (Fig. 7). Genal projection absent. Thorax: Pronotum yellow with blackish markings; possessing a prominent tubercle medially (Fig. 5). Anterolateral projection absent. Mesonotum yellow, bearing scattered blackish markings on lateral margins and between wing pads. Wing pads blackish. Sterna yellow. Legs: Yellow; dorsal surface of femora shaded with black, more so on mid than on fore femora, and heavily on hind femora (Figs. 8–9). Dorsum of fore femora with a transverse row of setae on sub median region (Fig. 9). Tarsal claws with 13–14 denticles, without distal setae (Fig. 6). Abdomen: Yellow heavily shaded with black. Forming a yellow median longitudinal line and yellow sublateral areas on terga. Lateral expansions of abdomen yellow; lateral margins of segments III–VII expanded with postero-lateral spines on segment VIII. Posterior margin of terga bearing setae (Fig. 4). Sterna yellow. Operculate gills triangular, yellow, with blackish shade. Remaining gills translucent white, suffused with black at base. Gill formula: 2–3 – 3 – 3 – 2 (Figs. 10–15). Caudal filaments light brown bearing setae at joints. Biology. Tricorythodes chalaza sp. nov. was found on rivers with slow current and sandy and muddy bottoms. Nymphs were collected in marginal banks and vegetation. Etymology. “chalaz” meaning “tubercle”, in allusion to the presence of a prominent tubercle on pronotum. Type material. Holotype: Brazil, RJ, Macaé, Córrego das Aduelas, 10m, 22 o 12 ' 27.9 ''S / 41 o 50 ' 24.2 ''W, 15.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1556). Paratypes: Brazil, RJ: Macaé, Córrego das Aduelas, 10m, 22 o 12 ' 27.9 ''S / 41 o 50 ' 24.2 ''W, 15.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 11 male imagoes (DZRJ 1560); Macaé, Córrego das Aduelas, 28m, 22 o 11 ' 10.4 ''S / 41 o 49 '09.9''W, 15. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1561); Macaé, 1 o order tributary of Córrego das Aduelas, 15m, 22 o 12 ' 11.8 ''S / 41 o 50 ' 55.4 ''W, 15. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 2 male imagoes (DZRJ 1558); Macaé, Cachoeiros de Macaé, Rio Macaé, 68m, 22 o 25 ' 49.5 ''S / 42 o 12 '06.6''W, 05. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1562); Macaé, Rio Macaé, 22 o 17 ' 42.9 ''S / 41 o 52 ' 48 ''W, 16. IV. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 male imago (DZRJ 1557); same data, 3 male imagoes (DZRJ 1559); same data except Ferreira-Jr, N. leg. 11 nymphs (DZRJ 1563, DZRJ 1564, DZRJ 1566, DZRJ 1568, DZRJ 1570, DZRJ 1575, DZRJ 1576, DZRJ 1577); same locality, 21.I. 2008, Ferreira-Jr leg. 2 nymphs (DZRJ 1565 and DZRJ 1574); same locality, 2005, no leg. 4 nymphs (DZRJ 1567, DZRJ 1569, DZRJ 1573); Macaé, Sana, Córrego Alegre, 22 o 15 ' 38.8 ''S / 42 o 10 '08.2''W, 19.II. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 1 nymph (DZRJ 1571); Brasil, RJ, Nova Friburgo, Cascata, Rio Macaé, 22 o 22 '03.2''S / 42 o 15 ' 27.8 ''W, 08.III. 2009, Gonçalves, I.C. leg. 2 nymphs (DZRJ 1572 and DZRJ 1578). Discussion. T. chalaza sp. nov. is similar to T. bullus by sharing, on the male imagoes: vein CuP incomplete and penes pyramidal with lateral margins strongly sclerotized. Despite the resemblance, imagoes of the new species can be differentiated by having styliger plate projected on inner corner and basal swelling of segment II of the forceps heavily shaded with black, characteristics lacking on T. bullus. Moreover, in T. chalaza sp. nov. the vein CuP may be incomplete or absent, whereas in T. bullus this vein is always present though incomplete. Regarding the nymphs, T. bullus and T. cristatus also present a tubercle on pronotum as T. chalaza sp. nov. However, the new species can be differentiated from both by the absence of tubercles on head and mesothorax. An additional difference between these speciesis the number of denticles on tarsal claws: 13–14 in T. chalaza sp. nov., 16–18 in T. cristatus and 8–11 in T. bullus.