18 results on '"Moïsi, Jennifer C."'
Search Results
2. Effectiveness of Vaccination Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Czech Republic, 2018−2022.
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Kyncl, Jan, Angulo, Frederick J., Orlikova, Hana, Zhang, Pingping, Vlckova, Iva, Maly, Marek, Krivohlavkova, Dagmar, Harper, Lisa R., Edwards, Juanita, Bender, Cody, Pilz, Andreas, Erber, Wilhelm, Madhava, Harish, and Moïsi, Jennifer C.
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VACCINATION status ,VACCINE effectiveness ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,TICK-borne encephalitis viruses ,TICK-borne encephalitis ,AGE groups - Abstract
Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection can cause symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and result in severe consequences including death. TBE is an increasing health threat in the Czech Republic and elsewhere in Europe. In 2020, 23% of 3734 TBE cases reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control were from the Czech Republic. TBE vaccination is universally recommended in the Czech Republic, but a full analysis of TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the Czech Republic has not been published. Methods: TBE is a notifiable disease in the Czech Republic with mandatory reporting of cases (i.e., laboratory-confirmed TBEV infected patient with symptoms of CNS inflammation) and vaccination history to public health authorities. TBE VE was estimated using the screening method utilizing public health surveillance data from 2018 to 2022 and online household surveys of the general population on TBE vaccine uptake conducted in 2019−2022. Results: In 2018−2022, 3648 TBE cases were reported in the Czech Republic; 98.1% (3105/3166) of TBE cases with known vaccination history were unvaccinated. Among 42,671 persons surveyed from the general population who had known TBE vaccination history, 66.5% were unvaccinated. VE against TBE was 97.6% (95% confidence interval 95.7−98.7). When stratified by age group, VE was 97.1% (88.4−99.3) in 1−15 years of age, 97.9% (95.3−99.0) in 16−59 years of age, and 96.9% (90.5−99.0) in ≥60 years of age. TBE vaccination averted an estimated 1020 TBE cases in the Czech Republic from 2018 to 2022. Conclusions: This first published study with a full analysis of TBE VE in the Czech Republic showed that vaccination was highly effective for the prevention of TBE including in children, an age group with increasing TBE disease burden. Vaccination averted hundreds of TBE cases and hospitalizations despite the relatively low compliance with TBE vaccine recommendations. To prevent additional TBE cases in the Czech Republic, enhanced efforts to increase TBE vaccine uptake are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infections in Germany, 2010–2019: A Review from Four Public Databases.
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Brestrich, Gordon, Angulo, Frederick J., Berger, Fabian K., Brösamle, Christian, Hagel, Stefan, Leischker, Andreas, Lübbert, Christoph, Maechler, Friederike, Merbecks, Sophie-Susann, Minarovic, Nadia, Moïsi, Jennifer C., von Müller, Lutz, Reuken, Phillip A., Weinke, Thomas, Yu, Holly, and Mellmann, Alexander
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CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile ,MEDICAL personnel ,DATABASES ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,HERPES zoster ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a recognized global threat especially for vulnerable populations. It is of particular concern to healthcare providers as it is found in both hospital and community settings, with severe courses, frequent recurrence, high mortality and substantial financial impact on the healthcare system. The CDI burden in Germany has been described and compared by analysing data from four different public databases. Methods: Data on hospital burden of CDI have been extracted, compared, and discussed from four public databases for the years 2010–2019. Hospital days due to CDI were compared to established vaccine preventable diseases, such as influenza and herpes zoster, and also to CDI hospitalisations in the United States (US). Results: All four databases reported comparable incidences and trends. Beginning in 2010, population-based hospitalised CDI incidence increased to a peak of > 137/100,000 in 2013. Then, incidence declined to 81/100,000 in 2019. Hospitalised patients with CDI were predominantly > 50 years of age. The population-based incidence of severe CDI was between 1.4 and 8.4/100,000 per year. Recurrence rates were between 5.9 to 6.5%. More than 1,000 CDI deaths occurred each year, with a peak of 2,666 deaths in 2015. Cumulative CDI patient days (PD) were between 204,596 and 355,466 each year, which exceeded cumulated PD for influenza and herpes zoster in most years, though year-to-year differences were observed. Finally, hospitalized CDI incidence was higher in Germany than in the US, where the disease is well recognized as a public health threat. Conclusions: All four public sources documented a decline in CDI cases since 2013, but the disease burden remains substantial and warrants continued attention as a severe public health challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe from National Surveillance Systems (2005–2020).
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Burn, Leah, Tran, Thao Mai Phuong, Pilz, Andreas, Vyse, Andrew, Fletcher, Mark A., Angulo, Frederick J., Gessner, Bradford D., Moïsi, Jennifer C., Jodar, Luis, and Stark, James H.
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LYME disease ,TICK-borne diseases ,HEALTH facilities ,VACCINE development ,TEST methods - Abstract
Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe. To inform European intervention strategies, including vaccines under development, we conducted a systematic review for LB incidence. Methods: We searched publicly available surveillance data reporting LB incidence in Europe from 2005 to 2020. Population-based incidence was calculated as the number of reported LB cases per 100,000 population per year (PPY), and high LB risk areas (incidence >10/100,00 PPY for 3 consecutive years) were estimated. Results: Estimates of LB incidence were available for 25 countries. There was marked heterogeneity in surveillance systems (passive vs. mandatory and sentinel sites vs. national), case definitions (clinical, laboratory, or both), and testing methods, limiting comparison across countries. Twenty-one countries (84%) had passive surveillance; four (Belgium, France, Germany, and Switzerland) used sentinel surveillance systems. Only four countries (Bulgaria, France, Poland, and Romania) used standardized case definitions recommended by European public health institutions. Among all surveillance systems and considering any case definition for the most recently available years, national LB incidences were highest in Estonia, Lithuania, Slovenia, and Switzerland (>100 cases/100,000 PPY), followed by France and Poland (40–80/100,000 PPY), and Finland and Latvia (20–40/100,000 PPY). Incidences were lowest in Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, England, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, and Serbia (<20/100,000 PPY). At the subnational level, highest LB incidences (>100/100,000 PPY) were observed in areas of Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Poland. Overall, on average 128,888 cases are reported annually. An estimated 202/844 million (24%) persons in Europe reside in areas of high LB incidence and 202/469 million (43.2%) persons reside in areas of high LB incidence among countries with surveillance data. Conclusion: Our review showed substantial variability in reported LB incidence across and within European countries, with highest incidences reported from the Eastern, Northern (Baltic states and Nordic countries), and Western Europe surveillance systems. Standardization of surveillance systems, including wider implementation of common case definitions, is urgently needed to interpret the range of differences in LB incidence observed across European countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: Results from a Systematic Literature Review (2005–2020).
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Burn, Leah, Pilz, Andreas, Vyse, Andrew, Gutiérrez Rabá, Aura Victoria, Angulo, Frederick J., Tran, Thao Mai Phuong, Fletcher, Mark A., Gessner, Bradford D., Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Stark, James H.
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SEROPREVALENCE ,TICK-borne diseases ,BORRELIA burgdorferi ,LYME disease ,SPIROCHETES ,DATABASE searching - Abstract
Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick bite-transmitted infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex spirochetes, is the most common tickborne disease in Europe. Studies in European countries have reported LB seroprevalence (prevalence of antibodies to Bbsl infection) and diagnostic strategies used for testing. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize contemporary LB seroprevalence in Europe. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CABI Direct (Global Health) databases were searched from 2005 to 2020 to identify studies reporting LB seroprevalence in European countries. Reported single-tier and two-tier test results were summarized; algorithms (standard or modified) were used to interpret final test results from studies that used two-tier testing. Results: The search yielded 61 articles from 22 European countries. Studies used a range of diagnostic testing methods and strategies (48% single-tier, 46% standard two-tier, and 6% modified two-tier). In 39 population-based studies, of which 14 were nationally representative, seroprevalence estimates ranged from 2.7% (Norway) to 20% (Finland). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies in terms of design, cohort types, periods sampled, sample sizes, and diagnostics, which limited cross-study comparisons. Nevertheless, among studies that reported seroprevalence in persons with greater exposure to ticks, LB seroprevalence was higher among these groups than in the general population (40.6% vs. 3.9%). Furthermore, among studies that used two-tier testing, general population LB seroprevalence was higher in Western Europe (13.6%) and Eastern Europe (11.1%) than in Northern Europe (4.2%) and Southern Europe (3.9%). Conclusion: Despite variations in LB seroprevalence between and within European subregions and countries, high seroprevalence was observed in certain geographic regions and particular risk groups, suggesting significant disease burden and supporting the need for improved, targeted public health interventions such as vaccination. Harmonized approaches to serologic testing and more nationally representative seroprevalence studies are needed to better understand the prevalence of Bbsl infection in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: A Systematic Review (2005–2020).
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Burn, Leah, Vyse, Andrew, Pilz, Andreas, Tran, Thao Mai Phuong, Fletcher, Mark A., Angulo, Frederick J., Gessner, Bradford D., Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Stark, James H.
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LYME disease ,TICK-borne diseases ,WORLD health - Abstract
Background: Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe, but the burden of disease is incompletely described. Methods: We conducted a systematic review across PubMed, EMBASE, and CABI Direct (Global Health) databases, from January 1, 2005, to November 20, 2020, of epidemiological studies reporting incidence of LB in Europe (PROSPERO, CRD42021236906). Results: The systematic review yielded 61 unique articles describing LB incidence (national or subnational) in 25 European countries. Substantial heterogeneity in study designs, populations sampled, and case definitions restricted data comparability. The European Union Concerted Action on Lyme Borreliosis (EUCALB)–published standardized LB case definitions were used by only 13 (21%) of the 61 articles. There were 33 studies that provided national-level LB incidence estimates for 20 countries. Subnational LB incidence was available from an additional four countries (Italy, Lithuania, Norway, and Spain). The highest LB incidences (>100 cases per 100,000 population per year [PPY]) were reported in Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Incidences were 20–40/100,000 PPY in the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, and Scotland and <20/100,000 PPY in Belarus, Croatia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, and Wales); markedly higher incidences were observed at the subnational level (up to 464/100,000 PPY in specific local areas). Conclusions: Although countries in Northern (Finland) and Western (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Switzerland) Europe reported the highest LB incidences, high incidences also were reported in some Eastern European countries. There was substantial subnational variation in incidence, including high incidences in some areas of countries with low overall incidence. This review, complemented by the incidence surveillance article, provides a comprehensive view into LB disease burden across Europe that may guide future preventive and therapeutic strategies—including new strategies on the horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. The Definition of Pneumonia, the Assessment of Severity, and Clinical Standardization in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Study
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Pneumonia Methods Working Group, Scott, J. Anthony G., Wonodi, Chizoba, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Deloria-Knoll, Maria, DeLuca, Andrea N., Karron, Ruth A., Bhat, Niranjan, Murdoch, David R., Crawley, Jane, Levine, Orin S., O'Brien, Katherine L., and Feikin, Daniel R.
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- 2012
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8. Enhanced Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Meningitis with Use of the Binax NOW Immunochromatographic Test of Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen: A Multisite Study
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Moïsi, Jennifer C., Sana, Samir K., Falade, Adegoke G., Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Oundo, Joseph, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Afroj, Shirin, Bakare, R. A., Buss, Julie K., Lasi, Razzaq, Mueller, Judith, Odekanmi, A. A., Sangaré, Lassana, Scott, J. Anthony G., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Levine, Orin S., and Gessner, Bradford D.
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- 2009
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9. Standardizing Surveillance of Pneumococcal Disease
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PneumoADIP-Sponsored Surveillance Investigators, Knoll, Maria Deloria, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Muhib, Farzana B., Wonodi, Chizoba B., Lee, Ellen H., Grant, Lindsay, Gilani, Zunera, Anude, Chuka J., O'Brien, Katherine L., Cherian, Thomas, and Levine, Orin S.
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- 2009
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10. The Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: An Updated Review on a Growing Public Health Issue.
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Stark, James H., Pilz, Andreas, Jodar, Luis, and Moïsi, Jennifer C.
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LYME disease ,PUBLIC health ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,PUBLIC health personnel ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,LYME disease vaccines - Abstract
To further describe the incidence of LB within countries, a systematic literature review abstracted published national and subnational level incidence data for the period 2005-2020. The first country-specific analysis, by Nuttens et al, reports and compares three sources of LB incidence data for France: the "Sentinelles" network (national surveillance of general practitioners), a separate general practitioners EMR data system, and the French national hospital discharge database. Since the observation of EM in Europe and its recognition as Lyme borreliosis (LB), documentation of the disease's epidemiology has evolved substantially. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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11. Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in Northern Togo before the Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
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Moïsi, Jennifer C., Makawa, Makawa-Sy, Tall, Haoua, Agbenoko, Kodjo, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Tamekloe, Stanislas, Amidou, Moussa, Mueller, Judith E, Gessner, Bradford D., Agence de Médecine Préventive, Ministry of Health [Togo], Agence de Médecine Préventive [Burkina Faso], École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Département Méthodes quantitatives en santé publique (METIS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), This study was funded by an Investigator Initiated Research grant from Pfizer (WS951939). BG, HT, BMNL, JCM work for AMP and receive research funding from Pfizer and GSK, manufacturers of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines., We thank the PneumoTone study team at AMP for their continuous work for the success of the project: C Bouyssou, E Espie, S Kroman, A Leblond, D Mounkoro, M Ouedraogo, E Rosser, O Sanou, F Sawadogo and L Tidjani. We thank clinicians and laboratory staff at Centre Hospitalier Regional-Dapaong, Hopital Pediatrique Yendube, Clinique Win’Pang, Centre Medical des Armees, Polyclinique-Dapaong and Centre Hospitalier Prefectoral-Cinkasse, Pr Ndakena, Pr Atakouma and Pr Prince-David for expert input on all scientific aspects of the study, B Chandler for chest X-ray interpretation, JN Telles, G Paranhos-Baccala, A Rajoharison, M Van der Linden, M Kheir-Taha and M Slack for molecular testing of blood and nasopharyngeal specimens and characterization of bacterial strains., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
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Bacterial Diseases ,MESH: Vaccines, Conjugate ,Pulmonology ,Epidemiology ,Physiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,lcsh:Medicine ,MESH: Meningitis, Pneumococcal ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Geographical Locations ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Public and Occupational Health ,lcsh:Science ,Vaccines ,Meningitis, Pneumococcal ,Hematology ,Pneumococcus ,Vaccination and Immunization ,Body Fluids ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Neurology ,Medical Microbiology ,Togo ,Anatomy ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,MESH: Pneumococcal Vaccines ,Inflammatory Diseases ,Immunology ,Microbiology ,Bacterial Meningitis ,Burkina Faso ,Humans ,MESH: Burkina Faso ,Meningitis ,Microbial Pathogens ,MESH: Humans ,Vaccines, Conjugate ,Bacteria ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Streptococcus ,Pneumonia ,Age Groups ,MESH: Togo ,Conjugate Vaccines ,People and Places ,Africa ,lcsh:Q ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Population Groupings ,Preventive Medicine - Abstract
International audience; Background: S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of meningitis morbidity and mortality in the African meningitis belt, but little is known of its contribution to the burden of pneumonia in the region. We aimed to estimate the incidence of pneumococcal disease in children and adults in northern Togo, before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). Methods and findings: From May 1st 2010 to April 30th 2013, we systematically enrolled all hospitalized patients meeting a case definition of suspected meningitis or clinical pneumonia, residing in Tone or Cinkasse districts, northern Togo and providing informed consent. We collected clinical data and tested biological specimens according to standardized procedures, including bacteriology and PCR testing of cerebro-spinal fluid for meningitis patients and blood cultures and whole blood lytA PCR for pneumonia patients. Chest X-rays (CXR) were interpreted using the WHO methodology. We included 404 patients with meningitis (104 \textless5 years of age) and 1550 with pneumonia (251 \textless5 years) over the study period. Of these, 78 (19%) had pneumococcal meningitis (13 \textless5 years), 574 (37%) had radiologically-confirmed pneumonia (83 \textless5 years) and 73 (5%) had culture-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia (2 \textless5 years). PCV13 serotypes caused 79% (54/68) of laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and 83% (29/35) of culture-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia. Serotype 1 predominated in meningitis (n = 33) but not in pneumonia patients (n = 1). The incidence of pneumococcal disease was 7.5 per 100,000 among children \textless5 years of age and 14.8 in persons 5 years of age and above in the study area. When considering CXR-confirmed and blood PCR-positive pneumonia cases as likely pneumococcal, incidence estimates increased to 43.7 and 66.0 per 100,000 in each of these age groups, respectively. Incidence was at least 3-fold higher when we restricted the analysis to the urban area immediately around the study hospitals. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the important role of S. pneumoniae as a meningitis and pneumoniacausing pathogen in the African meningitis belt. Pneumococcal disease incidence in our population was substantially lower than expected from global models; we hypothesize that poor access to hospital care led us to substantially underestimate the burden of disease. Surveillance is ongoing and will enable an evaluation of PCV impact, providing novel, high quality data from the region.
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- 2016
12. Geographic access to care is not a determinant of child mortality in a rural Kenyan setting with high health facility density.
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Moïsi, Jennifer C., Gatakaa, Hellen, Noor, Abdisalan M, Williams, Thomas N., Bauni, Evasius, Tsofa, Benjamin, Levine, Orin S., Scott, J. Anthony G., and Moïsi, Jennifer C
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CHILD mortality , *HEALTH services accessibility , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Policy-makers evaluating country progress towards the Millennium Development Goals also examine trends in health inequities. Distance to health facilities is a known determinant of health care utilization and may drive inequalities in health outcomes; we aimed to investigate its effects on childhood mortality.Methods: The Epidemiological and Demographic Surveillance System in Kilifi District, Kenya, collects data on vital events and migrations in a population of 220,000 people. We used Geographic Information Systems to estimate pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospitals and vaccine clinics and developed proportional-hazards models to evaluate the effects of travel time on mortality hazard in children less than 5 years of age, accounting for sex, ethnic group, maternal education, migrant status, rainfall and calendar time.Results: In 2004-6, under-5 and under-1 mortality ratios were 65 and 46 per 1,000 live-births, respectively. Median pedestrian and vehicular travel times to hospital were 193 min (inter-quartile range: 125-267) and 49 min (32-72); analogous values for vaccine clinics were 47 (25-73) and 26 min (13-40). Infant and under-5 mortality varied two-fold across geographic locations, ranging from 34.5 to 61.9 per 1000 child-years and 8.8 to 18.1 per 1000, respectively. However, distance to health facilities was not associated with mortality. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.04) per hour and 1.01 (95% CI 0.95-1.08) per half-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to hospital, respectively, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.04) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.92-1.05) per quarter-hour of pedestrian and vehicular travel to vaccine clinics in children <5 years of age.Conclusions: Significant spatial variations in mortality were observed across the area, but were not correlated with distance to health facilities. We conclude that given the present density of health facilities in Kenya, geographic access to curative services does not influence population-level mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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13. The Definition of Pneumonia, the Assessment of Severity, and Clinical Standardization in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health Study.
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Scott, J. Anthony G., Wonodi, Chizoba, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Deloria-Knoll, Maria, DeLuca, Andrea N., Karron, Ruth A., Bhat, Niranjan, Murdoch, David R., Crawley, Jane, Levine, Orin S., O'Brien, Katherine L., and Feikin, Daniel R.
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PNEUMONIA in children ,ETIOLOGY of diseases ,HOSPITAL care of children ,BIOLOGICAL monitoring ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
To develop a case definition for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) project, we sought a widely acceptable classification that was linked to existing pneumonia research and focused on very severe cases. We began with the World Health Organization's classification of severe/very severe pneumonia and refined it through literature reviews and a 2-stage process of expert consultation. PERCH will study hospitalized children, aged 1-59 months, with pneumonia who present with cough or difficulty breathing and have either severe pneumonia (lower chest wall indrawing) or very severe pneumonia (central cyanosis, difficulty breastfeeding/drinking, vomiting everything, convulsions, lethargy, unconsciousness, or head nodding). It will exclude patients with recent hospitalization and children with wheeze whose indrawing resolves after bronchodilator therapy. The PERCH investigators agreed upon standard interpretations of the symptoms and signs. These will be maintained by a clinical standardization monitor who conducts repeated instruction at each site and by recurrent local training and testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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14. Standardizing Surveillance of Pneumococcal Disease.
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Knoll, Maria Deloria, Moïsi, Jennifer C., Muhib, Farzana B., Wonodi, Chizoba B., Lee, Ellen H., Grant, Lindsay, Gilani, Zunera, Anude, Chuka J., O'Brien, Katherine L., Cherian, Thomas, and Levine, Orin S.
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PNEUMOCOCCAL pneumonia , *PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccines , *STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae , *ETIOLOGY of diseases , *CLINICAL medicine , *DIAGNOSIS , *EPIDEMIOLOGY , *PUBLIC health research , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Background. Surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease has been conducted using a variety of case ascertainment methods and diagnostic tools. Interstudy differences in observed rates of invasive pneumococcal disease could reflect variations in surveillance methods or true epidemiological differences in disease incidence. To facilitate comparisons of surveillance data among countries, investigators of Pneumococcal Vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan-sponsored projects have developed standard case definitions and data re- porting methods. Methods. Investigators developed case definitions for meningitis, pneumonia, and very severe disease using existing World Health Organization guidelines and clinical definitions from Africa and Asia. Standardized case definitions were used to standardize reporting of aggregated results. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare results among countries and to identify factors contributing to detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results. Surveillance sites varied with regard to the age groups targeted, disease syndromes monitored, specimens collected, and laboratory methods employed. The proportion of specimens positive for pneurnococcus was greater for cerebrospinal fluid specimens (1.2%-19.4%) than for blood specimens (0.1%-1.4%) in all countries (range, 1.3-38-fold greater). The distribution of disease syndromes and pneumonia severity captured by surveillance differed among countries. The proportion of disease cases with pneumococcus detected varied by syndrome (meningitis, 1.4%-10.8%; pneumonia, 0.2%-1.3%; other, 0.2%-1.2%) and illness severity (nonsevere pneumonia, 0%-2.7%; severe pneumonia, 0.2%-1.2%), although these variations were not consistent for all sites. Antigen testing and polymerase chain reaction increased the proportion of cerebrospinal fluid specimens with pneumococcus identified by 1.3-5.5-fold, compared with culture alone. Conclusions. Standardized case definitions and data reporting enhanced our understanding of pneumococcal epidemiology and enabled us to assess the contributions of specimen type, disease syndrome, pneumonia severity, and diagnostic tools to rate of pneumococcal detection. Broader standardization and more-detailed data reporting would further improve interpretation of surveillance results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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15. A systematic literature review of the effectiveness of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines in Europe.
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Angulo, Frederick J., Zhang, Pingping, Halsby, Kate, Kelly, Patrick, Pilz, Andreas, Madhava, Harish, Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Jodar, Luis
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TICK-borne encephalitis , *TICK-borne encephalitis viruses , *VACCINE effectiveness , *VACCINATION status , *COMMUNICABLE diseases - Abstract
• TBE, caused by TBEV infection, is a serious and increasing health threat in Europe. • Vaccination offers the most effective protection against TBEV infection. • High TBE vaccine effectiveness is reported in 13 studies in 5 countries in Europe. • High TBE vaccine effectiveness is reported in all age groups. • Vaccines avert hundreds of TBE cases, hospitalizations, and deaths yearly in Europe. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in patients with symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. More than 25 European countries have one or more TBE-endemic areas. Although two TBE vaccines, FSME-IMMUN® and Encepur®, are commonly used in Europe, there are no published reviews of the real-world effectiveness of TBE vaccines in Europe or elsewhere. We searched PubMed for TBE vaccine effectiveness (VE) articles and extracted information on country, study design, study period, study population, number of TBEV-infected cases, number of participants, and VE against TBEV infection and outcomes. We identified 13 studies, conducted in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Germany, and Switzerland, published in 2003–2023. One study was a cohort investigation of a milk-borne outbreak. In the other studies, 11 (91.7%) used the screening method and two (16.7%) used a case-control design (one study used both). TBE vaccines were highly effective (VE estimates >92%) against TBEV infection in all age groups. Vaccines were also highly protective against mild infections (i.e., infections in patients without symptoms of CNS inflammation), and against infections resulting in TBE and hospitalization. Vaccines were also highly protective against the most serious outcomes such as hospitalization greater than 12 days. Product-specific VE estimates were also high, though limited data were available. Studies in Austria, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Switzerland estimated that TBE vaccines prevented >1,000 TBE cases a year, avoiding many hospitalizations and deaths, in these countries combined. Published VE studies demonstrate a high real-world effectiveness of the commercially available TBE vaccines in Europe. Although cases averted have been estimated in only four countries, TBE vaccination prevents thousands of cases in Europe each year. To prevent life-threatening TBE, TBE vaccine uptake and compliance with the vaccination schedule should be increased in residents of, and travelers to, TBE-endemic countries in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Incidence of public health surveillance-reported Clostridioides difficile infections in thirteen countries worldwide: A narrative review.
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Angulo, Frederick J., Furtado, Melissa, Gonzalez, Elisa, Zhang, Pingping, Kelly, Patrick H., and Moïsi, Jennifer C.
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CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile , *ACQUISITION of data , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *PUBLIC health , *MORTALITY , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Data from public health surveillance systems are important for estimating country-level CDI burden. CDI surveillance can be population-based or hospital-based. Population-based surveillance results in overall estimates of CDI incidence (cases per 100,000 population-per-year), and hospital-based surveillance results in estimates of hospital-based CDI incidence (cases per 10,000 patient-days) or CDI admission rates (cases per 1,000 admissions). We sought to better understand temporal trends in CDI incidence reported in publicly available surveillance data worldwide and describe varying surveillance methods. We identified 13 countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania with publicly available population-based and/or hospital-based CDI surveillance data in online reports and/or dashboards. Additional countries in Europe, in particular, also conduct hospital-based CDI surveillance. Inconsistent CDI case definitions and surveillance approaches between countries limit the interpretability of multi-country comparisons. Nonetheless, publicly available CDI surveillance data enabled us to compare CDI incidence among countries with population-based and/or hospital-based surveillance systems and to describe trends in CDI incidence within countries over time. The highest CDI incidence is in the United States. While there have been recent declines in CDI incidence in all countries, the CDI burden remains high, and the need persists for CDI prevention strategies in communities and healthcare settings. • Population-based or hospital-based data from public health surveillance are important to estimate CDI disease burden. • Thirteen countries have publicly available CDI surveillance data. • Surveillance methods vary among countries. • Reported CDI incidence is highest in the US. • Despite recent declines, CDI burden is high and prevention strategies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Frequency of stool specimen collection and testing for Clostridioides difficile of hospitalized adults and long-term care facility residents with new-onset diarrhea in Louisville, Kentucky.
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Angulo, Frederick J., Oliva, Senén Peña, Carrico, Ruth, Furmanek, Stephen, Zamparo, Joann, Gonzalez, Elisa, Gray, Sharon, Ford, Kimbal D., Swerdlow, David, Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Ramirez, Julio
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ADULT care facilities , *CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile , *LONG-term care facilities , *DIARRHEA , *ELECTRONIC health records , *SHIGELLOSIS - Abstract
• New-onset diarrhea was common (1.7/100 inpatient-days, 0.6/100 LTCF-resident-days) • Stool specimen collection and Clostridioides difficile testing frequency was low (32%) • Low C. difficile testing frequency is indicative of potential C. difficile infection (CDI) underdiagnosis • Further studies are needed to confirm the extent of CDI underdiagnosis This study aimed to determine the stool specimen collection and Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) testing frequency from inpatients and long-term care facility (LTCF) residents with new-onset diarrhea. A cross-sectional study was conducted in all wards of 9 adult hospitals (3532 beds) and 14 LTCFs (1205 beds) in Louisville, Kentucky to identify new-onset diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in the past 24 h and not present in the preceding 24 h) among Louisville adults via electronic medical record review, nurse interviews, and patient interviews during a 1–2 week observation period in 2018–2019. Among Louisville-resident inpatients, 167 patients with 9731 inpatient-days had new-onset diarrhea (1.7/100 inpatient-days). Stool specimens were collected from 32% (53/167); 12 (23%) specimens were laboratory-confirmed for C. difficile infection (CDI) (12.3 cases/10,000 inpatient-days). Among LTCF residents, 63 with 10,402 LTCF resident-days had new-onset diarrhea (0.6/100 LTCF resident-days). Stool specimens were collected from 32% (20/63); 9 (45%) specimens were laboratory-confirmed for CDI (8.6 cases/10,000 LTCF resident-days). New-onset diarrhea was common among inpatients and LTCF residents. Only one-third of patients with new-onset diarrhea had a stool specimen collected and tested for C. difficile —indicative of a potential CDI underdiagnosis—although, further studies are needed to confirm the extent of CDI underdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Population-based incidence of hospitalized Clostridioides difficile infection among older adults in Ota-ku, Japan: A prospective surveillance study.
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Tateda, Kazuhiro, Ishida, Junro, Ito, Shuhei, Gonzalez, Elisa, Yoshizumi, Satoshi, Zhang, Pingping, Pride, Michael, Gray, Sharon, Ferreira, Cátia Matos, Minarovic, Nadia, Angulo, Frederick J., Moïsi, Jennifer C., and Jodar, Luis
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CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile , *OLDER people , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ADULTS , *SENSITIVITY analysis , *INFECTION - Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) burden is not well-characterized in Japan. Therefore, we conducted a population-based, hospitalized CDI incidence study, compared the results with standard-of-care (SOC) CDI testing, and generalized the results for nationwide incidence estimates. Surveillance identified inpatients ≥50 years-of-age with diarrhea in nine Tokyo hospitals from December 17, 2018–March 30, 2020. A CDI case was defined as a patient with a PCR-positive/cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA)-positive stool or a PCR-positive stool and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Incidence estimates were adjusted for the hospitalization share of participating hospitals and, in the sensitivity analysis, for missing CDI test results. SOC specimen collection and CDI testing occurred independently. Surveillance during 318 840 patient-days identified 4633 inpatients with diarrhea. Sixty-three CDI cases were identified; 11 (17·5%) had PMC, eight (12·7%) recurrent CDI, and nine (14·3%) died. The hospitalized CDI incidence was 97/100 000 population per year (PPY) in persons ≥50 years-of-age and, in the sensitivity analysis, 324/100 000 PPY. The incidence was 170 and 481/100 000 PPY in persons ≥65 and ≥85 years-of-age, respectively; these estimates increased to 569 and 1609/100 000 PPY in the sensitivity analysis, respectively. There were 12 primary SOC CDI cases in persons ≥50 years-of-age (18/100 000 PPY). The CDI incidence was high in older adults, with severe clinical consequences. SOC specimen collection and testing under-estimated CDI burden. There are >57 000 hospitalized CDI cases per year in Japan in persons ≥50 years-of-age. Public health interventions are needed to reduce the CDI burden in Japan. • Population-based incidence study of hospitalized C. difficile infection (CDI) in Japan. • Hospitalized CDI incidence was high in adults aged ≥50 years and increased with age. • A high proportion of CDI patients had severe clinical consequences, including death. • Standard-of-care stool specimen collection and testing under-diagnosed CDI burden. • Effective prevention strategies are needed to reduce CDI burden in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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