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Paper chip is an efficient and inexpensive device for pesticide residues detection. However, the reasons of detection error are not clear, which is the main problem to hinder the development of pesticide residues detection. This paper focuses on error analysis for pesticide detection performed on paper-based microfluidic chip devices, which test every possible factor to build the mathematical models for detection error. In the result, double-channel structure is selected as the optimal chip structure to reduce detection error effectively. The wavelength of 599.753 nm is chosen since it is the most sensitive detection wavelength to the variation of pesticide concentration. At last, the mathematical models of detection error for detection temperature and prepared time are concluded. This research lays a theory foundation on accurate pesticide residues detection based on paper-based microfluidic chip devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavelet neural networks (WNNs) were used to investigate the influence of operational variables in the soda-ethanol pulping of oil palm fronds (viz. NaOH concentration (10-30%), ethanol concentration (15-75%), cooking temperature (150-190 ºC), and time (60-180 min)) on the resulting pulp and paper properties (viz. screened yield, kappa number, tensile index, and tear index). Performance assessments demonstrated the predictive capability of WNNs, in that the experimental results of the dependent variables with error less than 6% were reproduced, while satisfactory R-squared values were obtained. It thus corroborated the good fit of the WNNs model for simulating the soda-ethanol pulping process for oil palm fronds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Costa''s dirty paper coding (DPC) offers a good framework for precoding for transmission over additive Gaussian channels with additive states non-causally known at the transmitter but not at the receiver. In this paper, rate calculation, error probability analysis and code design for DPC are investigated from a practical point-of-view. Based on Monte-Carlo numerical integration and simulations, we first show that the gap to the full AWGN capacity can be partially bridged using some finite-dimensional lattices with good packing and quantizing properties. Then the difficult problem of codebook selection is addressed through some illustrative examples. Analysis sheds light on the dual roles of “packing” and “shaping” as well as on their inter-connection at finite-dimensional coding, by opposition to the asymptotic case (i.e., infinite dimension) where the two coding components are decoupled. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we establish the error analysis for distributed pairwise learning with multi-penalty regularization, based on a divide-and-conquer strategy. We demonstrate with L 2 -error bound that the learning performance of this distributed learning scheme is as good as that of a single machine which could process the whole data. With semi-supervised data, we can relax the restriction of the number of local machines and enlarge the range of the target function to guarantee the optimal learning rate. As a concrete example, we show that the work in this paper can apply to the distributed pairwise learning algorithm with manifold regularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present paper we studied the Voronovskaya type theorem for modified Gamma operators presented by A. İzgi in the paper “Voronovskaya type asymptotic approximation by modified Gamma operators” [Applied Mathematics and Computation 217 (2011) 8061–8067]. We show that this theorem is not true. We present a correct form of this theorem and its proof. Furthermore, we obtain an error estimate for modified Gamma operators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In 1935, Erdös proved that all natural numbers can be written as a sum of a square of a prime and a square-free number. In 1939, Pillai derived an asymptotic formula for the number of such representations. The mathematical review of Pillai's paper stated that the proof of the above result contained inaccuracies, thus casting a doubt on the correctness of the paper. In this paper, we re-examine Pillai's paper and show that his argument was essentially correct. Afterwards, we improve the error term in Pillai's theorem using the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1999 Amodio and Mazzia presented a new backward error analysis for LU factorization and introduced a new growth factor ρ n. Their very interesting approach allowed them to obtain sharp error bounds. In particular, they derive nice results assuming that partial pivoting is used. However, the forward error bound for the solution of a linear system whose coefficient matrix A is an M-matrix given in Theorem 4.1 of that paper is not correct. They first obtain a bound for the condition number κ (U) assuming that one has the LU factorization of an M-matrix and then they apply the bounds obtained when partial pivoting is used. But if P is the permutation associated with partial pivoting then PA = LU can fail to be an M-matrix and the bound for κ (U) can be false, as shown in our Example 1.1. We also prove that, for a pivoting strategy presented in the paper, the growth factor of an M-matrix A is ρn ( A) = 1 and κ (U) ≤ κ (A), where U is the upper triangular matrix obtained after applying such a pivoting strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the number theory of Gaussian integers. Within the complex numbers, the analogues of the integers are the Gaussian integers, those complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers. There is a theory of divisibility, including greatest common divisors, and the purpose of this article is to present a new gcd algorithm for Gaussian integers. The standard algorithm is a straightforward extension of the Euclidean algorithm for ordinary integers. The gcd algorithm is better suited to paper-and-pencil computation, and it is less error-susceptible than the standard one. Another attractive feature is that it is based on a simple parity argument. The basic divisibility definitions for Gaussian integers are simply restatements of those for ordinary integers. There are many interesting results which can be proved using parity arguments. The gcd algorithm establishes that any two Gaussian integers have a greatest common divisor, and it is interesting to see that this result has an odd-even proof.

This study investigated target inconsistencies that are evident in the argumentative academic writing essay scripts of 30 students at the University of Technology, Jamaica. In Jamaica, studies have been conducted about the language challenges students encounter at the tertiary level when taking proficiency tests and when they enrol in remedial English courses; however, no study has documented the challenges students encounter beyond these situations. This study, therefore, identified the types and frequency of target inconsistencies found in students' argumentative essay scripts and patterns of the target inconsistencies that were found. Target inconsistencies are deviations in the production of a target language by a learner (Rizzi, 2005). In this quantitative study, the data were collected from the 30 students' argumentative scripts chosen using the stratified sampling technique. The types of target inconsistencies were identified using the description of the Error Analysis framework, which led to the determination of four types of inconsistencies-grammatical, lexical, discourse and mechanical. Additionally, frequency was determined by quantifying each target inconsistency once it occurred in different situations in the scripts; the results showed that the total number of inconsistencies quantified was 311. The patterns of inconsistencies are referred to as the observable sequence in which target inconsistencies were made. The results revealed that deviations were made in specific contexts which provided precise information on the areas of challenge for students so that they can be properly addressed at the tertiary level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this short note we point to an error in the proof of a theorem stated in [L. Balková, E. Pelantová, Š. Starosta, On Brlek-Reutenauer conjecture, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 412 (2011) 5649–5655]. By constructing a counterexample, we show that the assertion of the theorem is actually incorrect. Although this theorem is of a technical character, it was used in an argument leading to a corollary of a general interest to the Brlek-Reutenauer conjecture, and thus as a consequence of this note we have that the proof of the mentioned corollary is also flawed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Bayesian inference is a popular and widely-used approach to infer phylogenies (evolutionary trees). However, despite decades of widespread application, it remains difficult to judge how well a given Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) run explores the space of phylogenetic trees. In this paper, we investigate the Monte Carlo error of phylogenies, focusing on high-dimensional summaries of the posterior distribution, including variability in estimated edge/branch (known in phylogenetics as "split") probabilities and tree probabilities, and variability in the estimated summary tree. Specifically, we ask if there is any measure of effective sample size (ESS) applicable to phylogenetic trees which is capable of capturing the Monte Carlo error of these three summary measures. We find that there are some ESS measures capable of capturing the error inherent in using MCMC samples to approximate the posterior distributions on phylogenies. We term these tree ESS measures, and identify a set of three which are useful in practice for assessing the Monte Carlo error. Lastly, we present visualization tools that can improve comparisons between multiple independent MCMC runs by accounting for the Monte Carlo error present in each chain. Our results indicate that common post-MCMC workflows are insufficient to capture the inherent Monte Carlo error of the tree, and highlight the need for both within-chain mixing and between-chain convergence assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software testing is a discipline of software engineering whose aim is to find the presence of errors in the software. Software testing starts with the initial phase of software development life cycle. It is a myth that software testing shows the absence of errors. It is actually performed to show the presence of errors. The software testing leads to minimize errors lower down maintenance and cut down software costs. There are various techniques through which the process can be achieved. Testing is done to ensure that the product which is going to be produced will achieve the success.This paper focuses on the review and comparison of software testing levels, types & techniques in order to find out the most suitable techniques for Software Testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently most of the high spectral resolution infrared limb sounders use subsets of the recorded spectra (microwindows) in their retrieval schemes to reduce the computing time of rerunning the radiative transfer model. A fast linear retrieval scheme is described which allows the whole spectral signature of the target molecule to be used. We determine how close the linearisation point needs to be to the solution in order to fall in the linear regime and also suggest an adjustment to the forward model and Jacobians to propagate the change in pressure and temperature on the gas concentration retrievals. As an example, this technique is implemented for the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding instrument, but it is applicable to any high resolution limb sounder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracting benthic oxygen fluxes from eddy covariance time series measured in the presence of surface gravity waves requires careful consideration of the temporal alignment of the vertical velocity and the oxygen concentration. Using a model based on linear wave theory and measured eddy covariance data, we show that substantial erroneous fluxes can arise if these two variables are not aligned correctly in time. We refer to this error in flux as the time lag bias. In one example, produced with the wave model, we found that an offset of 0.25 s between the oxygen and the velocity data produced a two-fold overestimation of the flux. In another example, relying on nighttime data measured over a seagrass meadow, a similar offset reversed the flux from an uptake of -50 mmolm-2 d-1 to a release of 40 mmolm-2 d-1. The bias is most acute for data measured at shallow-water sites with short-period waves and low current velocities. At moderate or higher current velocities (> 5-10 cms-1), the bias usually is insignificant. The widely used traditional time shift correction for data measured in unidirectional flows, where the maximum numerical flux is sought, should not be applied in the presence of waves because it tends to maximize the time lag bias. Based on wave model predictions and measured data, we propose a new time lag correction that minimizes the time lag bias. The correction requires that time series of both vertical velocity and oxygen concentration contain a clear periodic wave signal. Because wave motions are often evident in eddy covariance data measured at shallow-water sites, we encourage more work on identifying new time lag corrections. On that premise, we make all raw data used in this study available to interested users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of strong coupling, analyzing a complex system by finite element method costs so much due to the degrees of freedom. Although introducing modal superposition technique is able to reduce the sum of coupling system's freedoms, it is still based on the assumption of neglecting the coupling influence between the high-order modes and low-order modes belonging to different subsystems. And it may result in non-convergence when uncoupling modes are used. Based on the undamped acoustic and vibration coupling equation, this paper presents a new coupling method called patch transfer function method (PTFM), by which the coupling face is tackled as a series of independent patches. The patch transfer functions of each patch are calculated by the average value of the nodal value, then the coupling system PTFs can be obtained by the continuity equation. It is faster to predict the coupling system response, as the inversion of coupling equation is substituted for the transfer function from source to receiver. At last, with the model of plate and air-cavity coupling system, this paper reveals the accuracy of PTFM by comparing the result of direct coupling method (DCM). And the theory and calculation error of the method are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-altitude airspace is developing rapidly, but the utilization rate of airspace resources is low. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of the safe operation of the fusion of large UAVs and manned aircraft in the same airspace, this paper analyzes the theoretical calculation of the collision risk of the fusion operation of manned aircraft and UAVs at Feng Ming Airport in Zigong, verifying that while assessing the safety spacing of 10 km in the lateral direction, it further simulates the possibility of calculating the theoretical smaller safety spacing. The study will propose a new theory of error spacing safety margin and improve it according to the traditional Event collision risk model, combining the error spacing safety margin to establish an improved collision model more suitable for the fusion operation of manned and unmanned aircraft and reduce the redundancy of calculation. The error factors affecting manned and unmanned aircraft at Zigong Airport are analyzed, and theoretical calculations are analyzed by combining the actual data of Zigong Airport. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to solve the error, substitute the calculation results, and simulate a section of the trajectory of the fusion operation for the reverse argument. The theoretical calculation results show that the collision risk from 10 km to 8 km satisfies the lateral target safety level (TSL) specified by ICAO under both traditional and improved models. The collision risk calculated by the improved model incorporating the error spacing safety margin is smaller, which enhances the safety of the model calculations. The results of the study can provide theoretical references for the fusion operation of manned and unmanned aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full-diversity full-rate (FDFR) multi-antenna system was developed recently, enabling uncoded layered space-time (LST) transmissions to achieve full-diversity (Nt) and full-rate (Nt symbols per channel use) simultaneously, for any number of transmit antennas Nt and receive antennas Nr. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a coded FDFR design obtained by concatenating an error control coding (ECC) module and FDFR module with a random interleaver in between. Turbo decoding is performed at the receiver. With Rc denoting the ECC rate, dmin the minimum Hamming distance of the ECC, and M the constellation size, an overall transfer rate of RcNtlog2M bits per channel use and a full diversity order dminNtNr are achieved. Different ECC choices are considered. Approximate analysis reveals that multi-stream ECC and single-stream ECC make no difference when convolutional codes with long frame length and near-optimal MIMO decoding schemes are adopted. Without sacrificing rate, the coded FDFR system improves error performance compared with coded V-BLAST, when relatively weak codes are used. As Nr increases, even strong codes such as rate 1/2 turbo codes can benefit from FDFR. Specifically, 1.5–2 dB gain over coded V-BLAST is obtained in a 2 × 2 antenna setup when convolutional codes or rate 3/4 turbo codes are used; 0.5 dB gain is offered in a 2 × 5 setup when rate 1/2 turbo codes are used. Coded FDFR also outperforms a 16-QAM Alamouti coded scheme by 1 dB when convolutional codes are used. The price paid is increased complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed an analysis of correspondence especially about the kinds of error made by the staff in replying to emails from the customer. All the data were mostly analyzed based on the theory applied by Dulay, Heidi C, and Marina Burt in their book entitled Language Two (1982) and it was also supported by other theories. They were Error Analysis and Interlanguage written by S. P. Corder (1981), Error Analysis Perspective on Second Language Acquisition written by Richard (1974) and beside the other references about, several supporting references that were considered relevant to the topic were also used in this paper. In conducting this research, the library research was applied and there were three steps for the methodology. They were data collection, data analysis, and data source. The information for this paper came from emails written by Ayuna Silver employees. The data was then gathered by reading carefully and then classified based on the types of errors according to the theory used in this qualitative paper. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that Ayuna Silver’s staff made some mistakes, and the factor that caused the errors. There were omissions, additions, misformations, and misordering errors. Overgeneralization, incomplete application of rules, ignorance of rule restrictions, and false concept hypothesized were the factors that caused errors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collection of this systematic article was an attempt to show a survey of current activities in the field of error analysis in English language from 2012 to 2018 in Iran. In the country, English is being taught as Foreign Language from middle school. Khansir and Gholami Dashti (2014) mentioned that English accepted as language to pass in the examination. However, English system in this country often put on formal accuracy and teachers focus on the teaching of English grammar in their classes. Error analysis approach has been a widely discussed topic for more than 60 years over the world. However, all the findings of this paper from previous research works on error analysis can be good reasons in order to guide and help reduce such errors in the written language of Iranian students in EFL setting and the results of this work can also be used to as a guide for English learners over the world. This article identifies and presents the major reasons leading to the English written errors among the Iranian learners. Finally, it reports the effective strategies and suggestions for helping the students to improve their English language. The researchers of this study studied 178 papers in this process and 37 of the papers were relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This editorial is an annex, essentially an amplification of earlier Animal Feed Science and Technology (AFST) editorials which focused on analytical and statistical issues of papers submitted for publication in AFST. This amplification is needed because, since publication of those editorials, there has been a sharp increase in papers submitted to AFST (particularly in vitro gas, ruminal in sacco, continuous culture fermenter and mini-silo studies), in which there have been substantive disagreements among authors, reviewers and editors as to what, exactly, constitutes acceptable statistical replicates as opposed to pseudo replicates. In this editorial, the Co-Editors in Chief of AFST provide clarification of their view relative to use of analytical observations in statistical analyses in papers submitted for consideration for publication in AFST. If the objective is to compare feeds and from the results, make inferences to populations, only multiple samples of each feed represent an acceptable feed base. This suggests that means comparisons based on repeated assays of the same sample, whether by chemical, physical or microbiological methods, will almost certainly be rejected by the CEIC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study which explores implications of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of stratospheric bromine (BrO ) for stratospheric inorganic bromine (Bry). The study describes the methodology for retrievals stratospheric BrO and an error analysis. It compares the MLS OL2 data and numerical models such as Single Layer Isentropic Model of Chemistry and Transport (SLIMCAT) and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM).

Recently, a number of fast iteration methods for the solution of the structured linear system arising from the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations have been proposed by some authors. In order to evaluate the strong stability of these numerical algorithms, in this paper we deal with the structured backward error analysis for this type of structured linear system and present the explicit formula of the structured backward error. Based on the structured backward error, we perform some numerical experiments to compare the availability of some existing numerical algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for the integration of the periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equation and rigorously prove convergence rates at low regularity. The new integrator has decisive advantages over standard schemes at low regularity. In particular, it is able to handle initial data in Hs for 0 < s ≤ 1. The key feature of the integrator is its ability to distinguish between low and medium frequencies in the solution and to treat them differently in the discretization. This new approach requires a well-balanced filtering procedure which is carried out in Fourier space. The convergence analysis of the proposed scheme is based on discrete (in time) Bourgain space estimates which we introduce in this paper. A numerical experiment illustrates the superiority of the new integrator over standard schemes for rough initial data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive review of various error compensation techniques for fixed-width multiplier design along with its applications. In this paper, we have studied different error compensation circuits and their complexities in the fixed-width multipliers. Further, we present the experimental results of error metrics, including normalized maximum absolute error , normalized mean error and normalized mean-square error to evaluate the accuracy of fixed-width multipliers. This survey is intended to serve as a suitable guideline and reference for future work in fixed-width multiplier design and its related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the importance of occasion as a source of error variance in (a) estimates of the dependability (generalizability) of science assessment scores and (b) the interchangeability of science test formats. Two science tests were developed to measure 8th-grade students' knowledge of concepts related to electricity and electric circuits: A hands-on assessment that provided students with equipment to manipulate and an analogous pencil-and-paper version. Students were administered both tests on 2 occasions, approximately 1 month apart. Results of the univariate generalizability results showed that explicitly recognizing occasion as a facet of error variance altered the interpretation about the substantial sources of error in the measurement and gave lower estimates of the dependability of science scores. Including occasion as an explicit source of variance in the multivariate generalizability analyses influenced the interpretation of the observed correlation between hands-on and pencil-and-paper scores but had little influence on the estimated disattenuated correlation between assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The XY model is a simplified insulation model for transformers that aims to connect the frequency spectrum of major insulation, insulation paper, and oil. It enables the calculation of the paper's frequency spectrum, facilitating a quantitative evaluation of the transformer's insulation status. Given the scarcity of research addressing the accuracy of the XY model and its corresponding equivalent circuit, this paper investigates the accuracy of the XY model and conducts an in‐depth analysis of the error associated with its equivalent circuit. Firstly, the frequency spectrum of oil‐paper insulations based on the XY model with varying moisture content and structure configurations were measured, followed by the simulation of both the corresponding 2D‐coaxial and XY models. By comparing the results obtained from these simulations with experimental data on oil‐paper insulation, the accuracy of XY model is verified. Subsequently, two variants of the equivalent circuit of the XY model are derived by combining the oil, spacer, and paper differently, which denoted as Type I and II circuits. Finally, we analyzed and explained the errors present in these equivalent circuits compared with the XY model. Our findings show that the width‐thickness ratio of oil‐paper insulation is the most critical influencing factor, while moisture content and insulation structure have a less decisive impact. Notably, for general transformers, as the width‐thickness ratio is between 30 and 70, the relative error of the Type I circuit remains consistently below 0.3% across different frequencies. Consequently, the Type I circuit proves to be a more suitable representation of the equivalent circuit for the XY model in the context of general transformers. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Human factors play an inevitable role in maintenance activities, and the occurrence of Human Errors (HEs) affects system reliability and safety, equipment performance and economic results. The high HE rate increased researchers' attention towards Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) and HE assessment approaches. In these approaches, various environmental and individual factors influence the performance of maintenance operators affecting Human Error Probability (HEP) with a consequent variability in the success of intervention. However, a deep analysis of such factors in the maintenance field, often called Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs), is still missing. This has led the authors to systematically evaluate the literature on Human Error in Maintenance (HEM) and on the PSFs, in order to provide a shared PSF taxonomy. Design/methodology/approach: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to identify and select peer-reviewed papers that provided evidence on the relationship between maintenance activities and human performance. The obtained results provided a wide overview in the field of interest, shedding light on three main research areas of investigation: methodologies for human error analysis in maintenance, performance shaping factors and maintenance error consequences. In particular, papers belonging to the area of PSFs were analysed in-depth in order to identify and classify the PSFs, with the aim of achieving the PSF taxonomy for maintenance activities. The effects of each PSF on human reliability were defined and detailed. Findings: A total of 63 studies were selected and then analysed through a systematic methodology. 46% of these studies presented a qualitative/quantitative assessment of PSFs through application in different maintenance activities. Starting from the findings of the aforementioned papers, a PSF taxonomy specific for maintenance activities was proposed. This taxonomy represents an important contribution for researchers and practitioners towards the improvement of HRA methods and their applications in industrial maintenance. Originality/value: The analysis outlines the relevance of considering HEM because different error types occur during the maintenance process with non-negligible effects on the system. Despite a growing interest in HE assessment in maintenance, a deep analysis of PSFs in this field and a shared PSF taxonomy are missing. This paper fills the gap in the literature with the creation of a PSF taxonomy in industrial maintenance. The proposed taxonomy is a valuable contribution for growing the awareness of researchers and practitioners about factors influencing maintainers' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a high-performance vision-based precision manipulation technique that does not rely on an object, contact, or gripper model, which are challenging and often times impractical to acquire. Instead, we utilize a simple process model that roughly maps object velocities to actuator velocities, and we maintain system efficiency and robustness via advanced vision-based control techniques with disturbance rejection mechanisms. For obtaining simple models, we derive a set of actuator coordination rules for achieving common task space motions. The performance degradation due to modeling inaccuracies is then minimized via the model predictive control framework and a correction matrix method. Our experimental results show that the proposed strategy results in high-performance precision manipulation with minimal modeling effort. Note to Practitioners—Compliant, soft robotic grippers make it easier to grasp objects with various shapes and sizes; these grippers adapt to the shape of the object, which provides robustness to positioning errors and often removes the necessity to precisely plan the contact locations. These advantages make compliant grippers ideal to use in industrial settings as well as in service robotics, where the variety of object shapes and sizes are immense. On the other hand, for the tasks that require precise object manipulation (e.g., for a peg-in-hole problem), these hands are more challenging to control than their rigid counterparts: it is harder to obtain their precise models, and they often do not have enough proprioceptive sensors to calculate the full pose of the system. In this paper, we propose solutions to utilize vision feedback for positioning an object using compliant hands. These solutions do not rely on precise models of the gripper or the full knowledge of the gripper state. We adopt various control techniques to provide precise positioning in steady state as well as to maintain efficiency in the transient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the allure of conspiracy theories lies in their evolutionary origins, specifically in our capacity to communicate unrepresented threats. Drawing on threat-detection psychology and error management theory, it posits that these theories serve as adaptive responses to perceived threats and social coalition-building, rather than as flaws in reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider uncertainty quantification for the Poisson problem subject to domain uncertainty. For the stochastic parameterization of the random domain, we use the model recently introduced by Kaarnioja et al. (SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 2020) in which a countably infinite number of independent random variables enter the random field as periodic functions. We develop lattice quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) cubature rules for computing the expected value of the solution to the Poisson problem subject to domain uncertainty. These QMC rules can be shown to exhibit higher order cubature convergence rates permitted by the periodic setting independently of the stochastic dimension of the problem. In addition, we present a complete error analysis for the problem by taking into account the approximation errors incurred by truncating the input random field to a finite number of terms and discretizing the spatial domain using finite elements. The paper concludes with numerical experiments demonstrating the theoretical error estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on a paper by T.E. Kurtz, R.F. Link, J.W. Tukey and D.L. Wallace titled 'Short-Cut Multiple Comparisons for Balanced Single and Double Classifications: Part 1, Results,' which appeared in the May 1965 issue of 'Technometrics.' Basic notions of error rates; Simultaneous confidence intervals; Multiple comparison problems.

To realize the recognition and scoring of Wushu Athletes' wrong actions by electronic referees, reduce the difficulty of referees' recognition, help reduce man-made errors and influence in the process of competition judgment, and make the referee work fairer and more scientific, therefore, this paper aims to make an in-depth study on the Wushu referee decision support system based on the theory and method of error recognition. Firstly, this paper discusses the overall architecture of the Wushu decision support system, analyzes the functions and database design of each system in the system, constructs a digital and information-based Wushu referee decision support system, and uses the error matrix logic equation to solve the recognition state and goal. The Nrej3d technology is introduced for collecting the characteristics of martial arts wrong actions, and matching recognition is completed by using the sports space, to complete the research on the decision support system of martial arts referees based on the theory and method of wrong recognition. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper is superior to other methods in the recognition accuracy and effective measurement of martial arts wrong movements and has a certain application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of multisource errors accompanying process execution and study of the propagation effects of the corresponding multiprocess manufacturing process are the basic prerequisites for optimizing the generation process and improving the quality of the product. This paper proposes an analytical framework for error propagation effects in multiprocess manufacturing, which completely covers error source analysis, mathematical calculation of error propagation accumulation, and description of error propagation effects, which can provide better support for error traceability, error propagation monitoring, and error dissipation in manufacturing production. First of all, establish the process state model into the features of the manufacturing level, analyze the type of multisource error, and its mode of action when executing the process operation; second, establish the mathematical calculation model of error propagation accumulation based on state space equation is established, so as to realize calculation and analysis of error propagation; and finally, establish the link graph and link matrix of error propagation influence in multiprocess manufacturing process are established to further reveal the scope and path of error propagation influence. In this section of the case study, a plate cover part had been taken as an example, the multisource error in its manufacturing was analyzed, and the propagation and accumulation of these error values are obtained by state space and state transition theory. On this basis, the link graph and its corresponding link matrix were used to explicitly describe the error propagation effects during the multiprocess manufacturing of the example part. The example analysis illustrated the proposed error analysis framework could analyze and calculate the multisource error of multiprocess manufacturing and visually describe the error propagation effects, which showed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Fourier-cosine series (COS) method has been combined with the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for a fast evaluation of barrier option prices. After a description of its use in the Black and Scholes (BS) model, the focus of the paper is on the application of the proposed methodology to the barrier option evaluation in the Heston model, where its contribution is fundamental to improve computational efficiency and to make BEM appealing among finance practitioners as a valid alternative to Monte Carlo (MC) or other more traditional approaches. An error analysis is provided on the number of terms used in the Fourier-cosine series expansion, where the error bound estimation is based on the characteristic function of the log-asset price process. A Matlab code implementing this technique is attached at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feature extraction of Gaofen-2 Remote Sensing Image (RSI) has problems such as poor extraction accuracy and large noise reduction error. Therefore, this paper designs an RSI feature extraction method based on high score 2 wavelet transform (WT). The RSI is collected with the help of Gaofen-2 satellite and high-resolution remote sensing technology, the key points of the image are determined through the Gaussian difference scale space, and the key points of the edge are judged by the peak curvature value of the difference function at the edge junction, so as to complete the RSI acquisition. Specific filtering and spatial domain transformations are used to remove image noise and improve the quality of RSI. The mean shift (MS) algorithm is used to iteratively find the area with the most dense sample points in the RSI space, complete the image analysis, and realize the preprocessing of the high score 2 RSI. The linear features of the RSI are determined by the WT algorithm, and the image threshold is set for feature extraction of the high score 2 RSI. The experimental results show that in the RSI noise reduction error analysis of different methods, the noise reduction error curve of the sample RSI of the method proposed in this paper has the lowest trend, which is always lower than 2%. Compared with the two methods proposed before, the error is higher. At the same time, in the accuracy analysis of key point feature extraction, the proposed scheme has better accuracy. Therefore, it can be seen that this method has better comprehensive performance, and the proposed method can effectively improve the feature extraction accuracy of RSI and reduce the noise in RSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates a new methodology for designing a virtual factory model and model execution on the basis of a real schedule plan. The main characteristic of the developed method is that the inputs are regarded as one of the main parameters of the production process, and the main objective is to create a low-cost production process model. The methodology is adjusted for use in SMEs (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) with individual or unique type of production. For such companies, the method represents an ability to optimize existing production processes through detecting and eliminating possible errors and disturbances before the real production process is executed at an acceptable cost. The applicability and suitability of the developed method for virtual production performance has been proven with the verification process, where the input data for the simulation was obtained from a real company. The simulation results have shown that the presented methodology is a useful tool for the optimization of the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to evaluate the success of two different philosophical interpretations of prediction error minimisation theory in dissolving a notorious problem of philosophy, i.e., the New Evil Demon Problem (NED). In this paper, I argue that the inferentialist interpretation could not dissolve the strong form of NED. Alternatively, the embodied construaldissolves NED. However, in doing so, i.e., in dispensing with the cognitive judgment, the embodied construal might also eliminate some basic concepts of epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) is a kind of typical mechatronic product which is widely used due to its high performance. Since the electromagnetic force is strongly nonlinear, the force-displacement coefficient and the force-current coefficient need to be linearized in the process of controlling the AMB. This paper analyzes the three most common magnetic bearings and gives their linearized force formulas. Simulations show that the formulas have high precision. In addition, the source of errors is also analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded theory is a well-established methodology within the social sciences and more recently within the field of advertising. This article looks at how it has been used in advertising research and in particular two key areas: the consumption of advertising and the world of advertising creatives. The article concentrates on common mistakes found in grounded theory papers submitted for publication in leading journals. It offers 10 important points for consideration that should help authors improve the quality of their research by avoiding such errors. The article concludes by suggesting potential areas of advertising where grounded theory may be applied in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper is about deriving lower bounds on the error exponents for the two-user interference channel under the random coding regime for several ensembles. Specifically, we first analyze the standard random coding ensemble, where the codebooks are comprised of independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) codewords. For this ensemble, we focus on optimum decoding, which is in contrast to other, suboptimal decoding rules that have been used in the literature (e.g., joint typicality decoding, treating interference as noise, and so on). The fact that the interfering signal is a codeword, rather than an i.i.d. noise process, complicates the application of conventional techniques of performance analysis of the optimum decoder. In addition, unfortunately, these conventional techniques result in loose bounds. Using analytical tools rooted in statistical physics, as well as advanced union bounds, we derive single-letter formulas for the random coding error exponents. We compare our results with the best known lower bound on the error exponent, and show that our exponents can be strictly better. Then, in the second part of this paper, we consider more complicated coding ensembles and find a lower bound on the error exponent associated with the celebrated Han–Kobayashi random coding ensemble, which is based on superposition coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to forecast prices of arbitrary agricultural commodity in different wholesale markets in one city, this paper proposes a mixed model, which combines ARIMA model and PLS regression method based on time and space factors. This mixed model is able to obtain the forecasting results of weekly prices of agricultural commodities in different markets. Meanwhile, this paper sets up variables to measure the price changing trend based on the change of exogenous variables and prices, thus achieves the warning of daily price changes using neural networks. The model is tested with the data of several types of agricultural commodities and error analysis is made. The result shows that the mixed model is more accurate in forecasting agricultural commodity prices than each single model does, and has better accuracy in warning values. The mixed model, to some extent, forecasts the daily price changes of agricultural commodities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We observed the diurnal variation of ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (∼12-96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb- Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100-0.001 hP (∼16-90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components; error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3 %) with a vertical resolution of 3-4km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7 %, in the 40-1, 80-0.1, and 100-0.004 hPa pressure region, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10-20% lower than all other satellitemeasurements at 8-0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the calibration problem for the intensity of the spectrum. The non sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work by Harrison, Ruzzo, and Ullman (the HRU paper) on safety in the context of the access matrix model is widely considered to be foundational work in access control. In this paper, we address two errors we have discovered in the HRU paper. To our knowledge, these errors have not been previously reported in the literature. The first error regards a proof that shows that safety analysis for mono-operational HRU systems is in (\bf NP). The error stems from a faulty assumption that such systems are monotonic for the purpose of safety analysis. We present a corrected proof in this paper. The second error regards a mapping from one version of the safety problem to another that is presented in the HRU paper. We demonstrate that the mapping is not a reduction, and present a reduction that enables us to infer that the second version of safety introduced in the HRU paper is also undecidable for the HRU scheme. These errors lead us to ask whether the notion of safety as defined in the HRU paper is meaningful. We introduce other notions of safety that we argue have more intuitive appeal, and present the corresponding safety analysis results for the HRU scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we utilized a hybrid method for the unsteady flow of the non-Newtonian third-grade fluid that combines the finite difference with the asymptotic interpolation method. This hybrid method is used to satisfy the semiunbound domain condition of the fluid flow's length approaching infinity. The primary issue with this research is how much of the hybrid approach's error may be accepted to guarantee that the method is significant. This paper discussed theoretical error analysis for numerical solutions, including the range and norm of error. The perturbation method's concept is used to assess the hybrid method's error. It is discovered that the hybrid approach's relative error norm is lower than that of the finite difference method. In terms of the error standard, the hybrid approach is more consistent. Error analysis is performed to check for the accuracy as well as the platform for variable mesh size finite difference method in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]