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Introduction. Blood groups are inherited biological characteristics that do not change throughout life in healthy people. Blood groups represent antigens found on the surface of red blood cells. Kell blood group system consists of 31 antigens. Kell antigen (K) is present in 0.2% of the population (the rare blood group). Cellano antigen is present in more than 99% (the high-frequency antigen). These antigens have a distinct ability to cause an immune response in the people after blood transfusion or pregnancy who, otherwise, did not have them before. Case Report. This paper presents a blood donor with a rare blood group, who was found to have an irregular antibody against red blood cells by indirect antiglobulin test. Further testing determined the specificity of antibody to be anti-Cellano. The detected antibody was found in high titers (1024) with erythrocyte phenotype Kell-Cellano+. The blood donor was found to have a rare blood group KellKell. This donor was excluded from further blood donation. It is difficult to find compatible blood for a person who has developed an antibody to the high-frequency antigen. The donor's family members were tested and Cellano antigen was detected in her husband and child. A potential blood donor was not found among the family members. There was only one blood donor in the Register of blood donors who was compatible in the ABO and Kell blood group system. Conclusion. For the successful management of blood transfusion it is necessary to establish a unified national register of donors of rare blood groups and cooperate with the International Blood Group Reference Laboratory in Bristol with the database that registers donors of rare blood groups from around the world [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the induction of immunosuppression by multiple injections of carrageenan-lambda (cgn) in BALB/c mice. While cgn alone induced non-specific suppression that persisted for up to 25 days, priming with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of mice within l0 days of cgn treatment prolonged the suppressive state. Also, antigen (SRBC)-specific suppression was observed when these mice were siren a secondary challenge 25–30 days after priming. Thus multiple cgn treatment along with priming SRBC generated non-specific and specific suppressive states which were transferable by Thy-l+ Lyt-2+ splenocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plaque-forming cell responses and antibody titres to sheep red cells (SRC) were elevated in normally-fed irradiated adult mice reconstituted with spleen cells from young mice which had received a 4% albumin diet, compared with those given cells from normally-fed littermates. This was independent of the dose of cells transferred (5 × 106-4 × 107), the day of assay (3–10) and the duration of protein-deficiency (1 or 3 weeks). It suggests that the depressed responses produced by protein-deficient (donor) mice reported in earlier papers resulted from an impairment of reticuloendothelial function or a shortage of protein reserves, not directly associated with the spleen. As protein-deficiency (of the donor) accelerated the initiation of the adoptive response and increased the cell yields of the recipients it is considered likely that an enhancement of cell proliferation during the first 3-5 days after transfer was responsible for the elevated responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red cells sensitized with naturally occurring or 'immune' fowl antibody were lysed by fresh fowl serum. This fowl complement could not be replaced by that of human, rabbit or guinea pig. Both naturally occurring and 'immune' antibodies to red cells in the mammalian species tested did not lyse with fowl complement. Lysis by fresh fowl serum of sheep red cells sensitized with mammalian antibody is due to the presence of naturally occurrent antibody to these cells in the fowl serum; the enhancement of this lysis by the mammalian antibody will be described more fully in the next paper. Naturally occurring antibody to sheep red cells present in turkey serum and 'immune' antibody to fowl red cells were not lytic with fresh turkey serum, with fowl complement, with guinea-pig complement or with any combination of these. Some properties of fowl complement are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]