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Introduction: Antenatal antibody screening in India is focused on the detection of anti-D in RhD-negative mothers. HDFN outcome can also be affected by the presence of antibodies other than anti-D. We planned this study to find the impact of 'anti-D in combination with additional antibodies' on the development and severity of HDFN compared with 'anti-D alone'., Methods: This is a retrospective study performed at a referral center in northern India from October 2015 to March 2018. Antibody screening was performed on women with complicated obstetric history. Women with anti-D antibody were included in the study and categorized on the basis of presence of additional antibody (anti-D alone or in combination with other antibody). Various clinical, laboratory & interventional parameters were used to define HDFN and severe HDFN. Perinatal outcome was then compared between the two groups., Results: A total of 176 women with anti-D antibody were included in the study. Of these, 136 cases (77.3%) had anti-D alone while at least one additional antibody was present in 40 (22.7 %) cases. Most common additional antibodies were anti-C, anti-E and anti-c. After excluding 46 women for various reasons, 130 women were left for final analysis. Approximately 57% and 78% of cases were affected by severe HDFN amongst women with anti-D alone and in combination, respectively. Relative risk of developing severe HDFN was 1.7 times higher in women with additional antibody., Conclusions: Patients with combination antibodies were found to have more severe HDFN compared to the ones with anti-D alone., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the magnitude of red cell alloimmunization in regularly transfused patients with thalassemia major and analyse factors responsible for development of antibodies., Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 116 thalassemics receiving regular transfusions. All the patients underwent antibody screening. Patients with positive antibody screen were further tested for antibody identification. The data was analysed to find out the frequency, pattern and factors influencing red cell alloimmunization secondary to multiple transfusions., Results: Mean age of the patients was 14 years (range 1.5-27 years). Red cell alloantibodies were found in 11 patients (9.48%). In four (36%) patients first transfusion was given before 6 months of age and in seven (64%) patients, first transfusion was given after two years of age. The interval between consecutive transfusions varied from 18 to 35 days. The most common antibody was Anti-E found in 4 (36.4%) patients, followed by Anti-K (three patients, 27.2%), Anti-Kp(a) (two patients, 18.2%) and Anti-C(w) (two patients, 18.2%). The interval from first transfusion to antibody development varied from 1.5 to 14 years. None of the eight out of 116 patients, who underwent splenectomy showed any antibody development., Conclusions: The rate of red cell alloimmunization was found to be 9.48% in thalassemics receiving regular transfusions. The incidence of alloantibody development was higher if first transfusion was received at more than 2 years of age. Early institution of red cell transfusions and Rh and Kell phenotyping followed by provision of matched blood could prevent alloimmunization., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bacterial infection is a major crisis of 21st era and the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens cause significant health problems. We developed, green chemistry-based silver nanoparticles (G-Ag NPs) using Citrus pseudolimon fruit peel extract. G-Ag NPs has a spherical shape in the range of ~ 40 nm with a surface charge of − 31 Mv. This nano-bioagent is an eco-friendly tool to combat menace of MDR. Biochemical tests prove that G-Ag NPs are compatible with human red blood cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. There have been many reports on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, but this study suggests a green technique for making non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic organometallic silver nanoparticles with a high therapeutic index for possible use in the medical field. On the same line, G-Ag NPs are very effective against Mycobacterium sp. and MDR strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patient samples. Based on it, we filed a patent to Indian Patent Office (reference no. 202111048797) which can revolutionize the prevention of biomedical device borne infections in hospital pre/post-operated cases. This work could be further explored in future by in vivo experimentation with mice model to direct its possible clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel ammonium derivatives were synthesized and examined for their antimicrobial efficacy. Comparison of antimicrobial spectrum revealed that compounds 9, 11, 16 and 23 had strong potential against pathogens in vitro. Cytotoxicity results showed compound 9 to be least toxic, it is non-toxic to A549 and U87 cells in MTT assay and exhibits marginal toxicity (15-20%) to human erythrocytes at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml as compared to 100% lysis of cells by 31.25 μg/ml of the standard drug amphotericin B. This compound has MIC values in the range of 1.95-31.25 μg/disc in DDA against different pathogens and may considered to be an important lead antimicrobial molecule for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of the anti-red blood cell antibodies among healthy blood donors. Material and Methods: Antibody screening of all voluntary blood donor serum was performed as routine immunohematological procedure. Positive sera were further investigated to identify the specificity of irregular erythrocyte antibody by commercially available red cell panel (ID-Dia Panel, Diamed-ID Microtyping System). Result: A total of 47,450 donors were screened for the presence of irregular erythrocyte antibodies. A total of forty-six donors showed presence of alloantibodies in their serum (46/47,450%, 0.09%), yielding a prevalence of 0.09%. Most frequent alloantibodies identified were of MNS blood group system. The results showed statistically a higher prevalence of RBC alloantibodies in females than in males. Conclusion: Screening for presence of alloantibodies in donor blood is important to provide compatible blood products and to avoid transfusion reactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]