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The effects of intravenous colistin along with lipopolysaccharide administration in sheep were studied. Twenty clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep were allocated into four equal groups: negative and positive controls, colistin at 12,000 U/kg and colistin at 24,000 U/kg. Endotoxemia was induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 at 0.5 μg/kg, intravenously in all experimental groups, except negative control. Clinical signs and haptoglobin (Hp), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), blood lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were determined. TNF-α was significantly different between the positive control and the colistin groups, but, there were no significant differences between colistin 12,000 IU/kg and colistin 24,000 IU/Kg groups. Serum concentrations of Hp at different times in colistin groups were significantly lower than positive control group and colistin 12,000 IU/kg had a better effect on the reduction of serum Hp. Colistin 12,000 IU/kg was able to retain levels of blood lactate relative to the colistin 24,000 IU/kg group. Serum concentration of BUN was markedly increased after E. coli-induced endotoxemia in all experimental groups, but they had no consistent pattern in all experimental groups at different times. Based on the results, it was concluded that colistin could be used as an anti-endotoxic drug against the E. coliinduced endotoxemia in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present experimental study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of different doses of insulin regular on treatment of endotoxemia in sheep. Thirty clinically healthy 1-year old Iranian fat-tailed ewes were randomly divided to 6 equal experimental groups (n =5) containing Insln 1.5, Insln 3, Insln 6, Insln 9, Insln 20 and Control. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 infused intravenously to induce endotoxemia. Insulin regular was infused at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 20IU/kg in Insln 1.5, Insln 3, Insln 6, Insln 9 and Insln 20 groups, respectively. Control group received lipopolysaccharide and was treated only by intravenous fluid without any drugs. Blood samplings were performed before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24h after lipopolysaccharide injection. Sera were assayed for haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The results of the current study showed that insulin regular at 3IU/kg was more effective than other doses in controlling acute phase response following endotoxemia induction (P <0.05). It may be suggested that this dose of intravenous insulin regular can have new potential anti-inflammatory effects on systemic inflammatory responses in small ruminant medicine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Endotoxemia is a major cause of mortality in large animals and there are several therapeutic regimens for the treatment of endotoxemia. Recent studies have suggested the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin in endotoxemic human and laboratory animal models but to the best of our knowledge there is no report on the possible therapeutic effect of insulin in large animal endotoxemia. Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin regular compared with flunixin meglumine on the treatment of endotoxemia in sheep. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli was administered intravenously to ewes. Anti-inflammatory effects of flunixin meglumine (at 2.2 mg/kg) and insulin regular (at 1.5 and 3 IU/kg) were evaluated by determination of serum concentrations of acute phase proteins, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: Insulin regular at 3 IU/kg controlled the acute phase response following endotoxemia induction. The anti-inflammatory potency of insulin regular at 3 IU/kg was significantly higher than at 1.5 IU/kg and of flunixin meglumine at 2.2 mg/kg ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Insulin regular induces its anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Intravenous use of insulin regular can be a potential new therapeutic regimen for endotoxemia in large animal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]