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3 results on '"Hayami Kudo"'

1. Decreasing the abundance of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in pig feces during nursery using flavophospholipol as a pig feed additive

Author

Junichiro Kimura, Hayami Kudo, Akira Fukuda, Michi Yamada, Kohei Makita, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yutaka Tamura, and Masaru Usui

Subjects
Tetracycline resistance, Flavophospholipol, Escherichia coli, Pig, Conjugational transfer, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Tetracyclines (TCs) are widely used for livestock, and the high prevalence of TC-resistant Escherichia coli in livestock has become a serious concern worldwide. In Japan, the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2016 aimed to reduce the TC resistance rate in E. coli derived from livestock. Flavophospholipol (FPL), used as a feed additive, has an inhibitory effect on the spread of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance. The number of TC-resistant E. coli was determined in pigs administered TCs and/or FPL to clarify the effect of FPL on reducing the number of TC-resistant E. coli in pigs. TC-resistant E. coli and their plasmids were then analyzed. The pigs were divided into four groups: control, doxycycline (DOXY; a TC), FPL, and a DOXY-FPL combination. Their feces were collected from the nursing period to the day before being transported to the slaughterhouse, followed by estimation of TC-resistant E. coli (colony-forming units [CFU]/g). The number of TC-resistant E. coli increased with the use of DOXY, suggesting that DOXY administration provides a selective pressure for TC-resistant E. coli. Supplementation with FPL as a feed additive significantly suppressed the increase in the number of TC-resistant E. coli, especially during the DOXY administration period. Transfer and growth inhibition analyses were performed for TC-resistant isolates. FPL inhibited the conjugational transfer and growth of a few TC-resistant E. coli isolates. These results suggest that FPL is effective against the spread of TC-resistant E. coli.

Published
2022
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2. Inhibition effect of flavophospholipol on conjugative transfer of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase and vanA genes

Author

Kentaro Oka, Masaru Usui, Hayami Kudo, Wataru Nagafuji, Yutaka Tamura, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, and Motomichi Takahashi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, 030106 microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, Antimicrobial resistance, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, beta-Lactamases, Article, Enterococcus faecalis, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci, Bacterial genetics, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial Proteins, Antibiotics, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Discovery, Escherichia coli, medicine, Carbon-Oxygen Ligases, Gene, Escherichia coli Infections, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Pharmacology, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, respiratory system, bacterial infections and mycoses, Antimicrobial, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 0104 chemical sciences, Bambermycins, Conjugation, Genetic, bacteria, Food Additives, Plasmids
Abstract

Flavophospholipol (FPL) is an antimicrobial feed additive that has been approved for use in livestock animals and has the potential to decrease horizontal dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Since previous studies showed that FPL has an inhibitory effect on plasmid transfer, in vitro experiments have proven the efficacy of FPL in reducing the conjugative transfer of plasmids encoding the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and vanA genes. These are among the most important antimicrobial resistance loci known. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) were exposed to several concentrations of FPL, and transfer frequency and plasmid curing activity were determined. FPL inhibited the conjugative transfer of plasmids harboring ESBL and vanA genes in a concentration-dependent manner in all strains. Further transfer experiments revealed that FPL could decrease or increase transfer frequency depending on plasmid type when transfer frequency was at low levels. The plasmid curing activity of FPL was also observed in ESBL-producing E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that they partially contribute to the inhibition of conjugative transfer. These results suggest that the use of FPL as a feed additive might decrease the dissemination of ESBL and vanA genes among livestock animals.

Published
2018
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3. Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from patients and asymptomatic food handlers in Japan

Author

Hayami Kudo, Tetsuji Aoyagi, Hiroaki Baba, Koichi Tokuda, Mitsuo Kaku, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Makiko Yoshida, Seiya Higashi, Kengo Oshima, and Hajime Kanamori

Subjects
Male, Bacterial Diseases, 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, Food Handling, Secretion Systems, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Geographical Locations, fluids and secretions, Japan, Microbial Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Bacterial Physiology, Child, Escherichia coli Infections, Phylogeny, Data Management, Aged, 80 and over, Escherichia Coli, Multidisciplinary, Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli, Virulence, Incidence, Sulfamethoxazole, Phylogenetic Analysis, Genomics, Middle Aged, Bacterial Pathogens, Phylogenetics, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Organism Systems, Medical Microbiology, Child, Preschool, Prokaryotic Models, Medicine, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, medicine.drug, Adult, Escherichia, Computer and Information Sciences, Asia, Adolescent, Virulence Factors, Science, 030106 microbiology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Serogroup, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Model Organisms, Antibiotic resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, Microbial Control, medicine, Animals, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Microbial Pathogens, Escherichia coli, Aged, Taxonomy, Pharmacology, Evolutionary Biology, Bacteria, Molecular epidemiology, Gut Bacteria, Organisms, Infant, Biology and Life Sciences, Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, Age Groups, People and Places, Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, Animal Studies, bacteria, Multilocus sequence typing, Population Groupings, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genome, Bacterial, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe gastrointestinal disease and colonization among food handlers. In Japan, STEC infection is a notifiable disease, and food handlers are required to undergo routine stool examination for STEC. However, the molecular epidemiology of STEC is not entirely known. We investigated the genomic characteristics of STEC from patients and asymptomatic food handlers in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 65 STEC isolates obtained from 38 patients and 27 food handlers by public health surveillance in Miyagi Prefecture between April 2016 and March 2017. Isolates of O157:H7 ST11 and O26:H11 ST21 were predominant (n = 19, 29%, respectively). Non-O157 isolates accounted for 69% (n = 45) of all isolates. Among 48 isolates with serotypes found in the patients (serotype O157:H7 and 5 non-O157 serotypes, O26:H11, O103:H2, O103:H8, O121:H19 and O145:H28), adhesion genes eae, tir, and espB, and type III secretion system genes espA, espJ, nleA, nleB, and nleC were detected in 41 to 47 isolates (85–98%), whereas isolates with other serotypes found only in food handlers were negative for all of these genes. Non-O157 isolates were especially prevalent among patients younger than 5 years old. Shiga-toxin gene stx1a, adhesion gene efa1, secretion system genes espF and cif, and fimbrial gene lpfA were significantly more frequent among non-O157 isolates from patients than among O157 isolates from patients. The most prevalent resistance genes among our STEC isolates were aminoglycoside resistance genes, followed by sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance genes. WGS revealed that 20 isolates were divided into 9 indistinguishable core genomes (

Published
2019
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