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This paper analyzes the implications of the installation of the eucalyptus agribusiness groups in Low Parnaíba and to reflect on the sociocultural transformations that occur in the production of peasants. For the construction of the work was carried out a bibliographical review in books, theses, dissertations, academic works and specialized sites. As regards the specific aspects of the study area, fieldwork was carried out to analyze the impacts caused by the expansion of eucalyptus plantations, as well as their implications on the territories of family agriculture, its history and its cultural and socioeconomic aspects and natural resources. We also consider lifestyle and their variations based on the characteristics of the region, traditional communities and their specific productions. In the field we approached to the rural communities, their forms and socio-cultural contents and also analyze the territorialities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]