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Objective: the objective of the present study was to determine if there are differences in terms of university adaptation in Peruvian first-year students of health sciences, with respect to sex and age-group (youth and adults). Materials and methods: the sample consisted of 759 students (74.8% women), mostly young students (92.2%), and were assessed with the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire. Results: women have a better academic and institutional adaptation, although they exhibit less personal-emotional adaptation. No differences were found in social adaptation between men and women. Regarding age, young students present less personal-emotional and institutional adaptation than adult students, and no differences were found in relation to academic adaptation. Conclusions: sex and age-group are relevant aspects in the study of university adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]