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This paper aims to articulate political anthropology and gender studies, in order to address the tensions between prostitution and work in the organizational experience of trans women in the metropolitan area of ​​Buenos Aires, Argentina. Focusing on the daily life of one cooperative venture, we analyze the processes of institutionalization of these alternatives to prostitution for trans population. Based on the results of an ethnographic fieldwork developed between 2008 and 2012, we explore the tensions and meanings involved in the categories of work and dignity, through which the people involved processed their experiences En este texto articulamos aportes de la antropología política y de los estudios de sexualidades y género, para abordar la centralidad de las tensiones entre prostitución y trabajo en la experiencia organizativa de las mujeres trans y travestis del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En particular, nos preguntamos por los procesos de creación de emprendimientos cooperativos como alternativa a la prostitución para esta población, indagando en la vida cotidiana de uno de ellos. Basándonos en los resultados de un trabajo de campo etnográfico sostenido entre 2008 y 2012, exploramos las tramas, las tensiones y los sentidos involucrados en las categorías de trabajo y dignidad, a través de las cuales las personas involucradas procesaron sus experiencias

Durante un recital de rock masivo llevado a cabo por el artista Indio Solari en la ciudad de Olavarría en marzo de 2017, dos personas fallecieron. Este suceso llevó a numerosos actores sociales a presentar el evento como una tragedia, y a discutir en la escena pública las responsabilidades al respecto. En este contexto, se conformó la comisión ¿qué pasó en Olavarría? Por la Verdad y Justicia (en adelante CVJ), integrada por vecinas y vecinos de la ciudad, estudiantes universitarios y militantes políticos. La CVJ presentó como su principal objetivo denunciar públicamente al gobierno municipal, provincial y nacional a través de una movilización en la plaza central de la ciudad. La intención de este artículo será, desde un enfoque etnográfico, dilucidar cómo las categorías nativas verdad y justicia producidas por la CVJ, operaron como un tejido discursivo legítimo para la acreditación en la arena pública del carácter trágico de la situación social analizada. Se mostrará cómo estas nociones vernáculas aparecieron como síntesis sociales de una trama de significaciones más amplia vinculada al repertorio de los organismos y militantes por los Derechos Humanos, y que resultaron fundamentales como estrategia para la búsqueda de apoyo político de actores sociales diversos., During a massive rock recital conducted by the Indian artist Solari in the city of Olavarría in March 2017, two people died. This event led numerous social actors to present the event as a tragedy, and to discuss on the public scene the responsibilities in this regard. In this context, the commission was formed, what happened in Olavarría? For the Truth and Justice(hereinafter CVJ), composed of neighbors of the city, university students and political militants. The CVJ presented as its main objective publicly denouncing the municipal, provincial and national government through a mobilization in the central square of the city. The intention of this article will be, from an ethnographic approach, to elucidate how the native truth and justice categories produced by the CVJ, operated as a legitimate discursive fabric for the accreditation in the public arena of the tragic character of the analyzed social situation. It will be shown how these vernacular notions appeared as social syntheses of a broader plot of meanings linked to the repertoire of human rights organizations and activists, and which were fundamental as a strategy for seeking political support from diverse social actors.Keywords: political anthropology; tragedy; truth and justice; discursivetissue., Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

Entre los movimientos sociales que han situado la apropiación del espacio como repertorio de acción destacado para la participación política de la ciudadanía, sobresale el movimiento 15M o movimiento “indignado”. La ocupación del espacio presenta, desde la cotidianeidad, un lugar político en el que el conflicto se sitúa como elemento analítico central y, simultáneamente, supone un escenario de posibilidad para la emergencia de nuevas formas de participación política. La presente etnografía analiza la producción social del espacio de los movimientos “indignados”, a través del estudio de los repertorios de acción e identificaciones de los activistas en tres procesos de ocupación en la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura (España) entre los años 2011 y 2014. El trabajo discute los alcances y limitaciones de las estrategias de los movimientos en la extensión de las demandas y formas de organización a marcos institucionales y representativos de participación política, desde el análisis de las prácticas de sentido y de gestión del conflicto que desarrollan los participantes en los espacios. The 15M movement or indignados stands out among the social movements that have emphasized the citizen participation through the appropriation of space. Occupation practices present a ‘political space’ in which the conflict becomes a key analytical issue, and simultaneously, this implies a scenario of possibility for the emergence of new forms of political participation. This ethnography analyzes the social production of space in the indignados movements, through the study of the repertoires of action and identifications of the activists in three occupation processes in the autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain) between the years 2011 and 2014. The work discusses the scope and limitations of the strategies of the movements in the extension of the demands and forms of organization to institutional and representative frameworks of political participation, from the analysis of the practices of meaning and of management of the conflict that the participants develop in the spaces.

Submitted by Alison Souza (alisonsouza@ufgd.edu.br) on 2019-06-25T19:03:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AmonRaBandeiradeMelo.pdf: 1784408 bytes, checksum: 944a2bea69281c96a76fabede12c5db0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-25T19:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmonRaBandeiradeMelo.pdf: 1784408 bytes, checksum: 944a2bea69281c96a76fabede12c5db0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30 O presente trabalho parte da reflexão construída por um debate elaborado pela antropologia tendo em vista o enfoque desta ciência a respeito das problemáticas sobre a política. Nesse sentido, o primeiro capítulo apresenta uma imersão neste universo teórico na tentativa de demonstrar as diversas orientações que ajudaram xs antropólogxs a compreender e/ou explicar este fenômeno. Nos demais capítulos, indicamos um estudo bibliográfico de duas etnografias que se preocuparam em relatar a vivência de formas políticas variadas em território brasileiro, a saber: "Sociabilidades, falas e ritual na construção das organizações camponesas”, livro elaborado por John Comerford e "Festas da Política: Uma etnografia da modernidade no sertão (Buritis/MG)” da antropóloga Christine Chaves . Percorreremos estes capítulos na busca pela demonstração da complexidade deste fenômeno e encontramos a problemática da Política Vivida e da Relações Pessoais, a fim de fazer proliferar o universo conceitual produzido por grande parte da filosofia e ciência política. Sendo assim, ao depararmos com estas configurações “outras”, que potencialmente podem contribuir para a reflexão diferenciada da política, refletimos sobre a contribuição da antropologia para maior complexificação das problemática. The present work starts from the reflection constructed by a debate elaborated by the anthropology in view the approach of this science on the problematics about politics. In this sense, the first chapter presents an immersion in this theoretical universe in an attempt to demonstrate the different orientations that helped the anthropologists to understand and / or explain this phenomenon. In the other chapters, we indicate a bibliographical study of two ethnographies that were concerned with reporting the experience of various political forms in Brazilian territory, namely: "Sociabilidades, falas e ritual na construção das organizações camponesas ", book by John Comerford and "Festas da Política: Uma etnografia da modernidade do sertão (Buritis / MG) "by anthropologist Christine Chaves. We’ll go through these chapters in the search for the demonstration of the complexity of this phenomenon and we find the problematic of the Lived Politics and the Personal Relationships, in order to make proliferate the conceptual universe produced by much of the philosophy and political science. Thus, when we come across these "other" configurations, which may potentially contribute to the differentiated reflection of politics, we reflect on the contribution of anthropology to a greater complexity of the problematic.

Con base en un análisis etnográficamente situado sobre procesos electorales recientes en Argentina, este texto contribuye a la comprensión de los modos en que la actividad política produce aquello que sus protagonistas –políticos y especialistas de la política– acostumbran llamar “territorio”. A partir de materiales etnográficos provenientes de contextos disímiles –regiones rurales y metropolitanas del país–, se argumenta a favor de la necesidad de restituir analíticamente la agencia de intensidades variables de relación personal en el desarrollo de la actividad política territorial y, específicamente, en favor de explorar la productividad política implicada en relaciones personales que en el sentido común nativo y académico tienden a considerarse políticamente “débiles”. Se propone así la inclusión, en las agendas de investigación, de las relaciones de interconocimiento en tanto tecnología movilizada por el trabajo político de dirigentes, candidatos y militantes en los procesos de creación de relaciones de representación política, como también en la articulación entre distintas escalas de localidad, Estado y gobierno. Based on an ethnographically situated study of recent electoral processes in Argentina, this study contributes to the understanding of politics and political activities of which the protagonists- politicians and political activists or operators- refer to as the territorio or local level. Drawing on ethnographic observation from different contexts- both rural and urban areas-, the case is made for the need to rescue analytically the concept of agency and the importance of personal relations that both common sense and the scholarly literature often consider politically “weak”. An alternative approach is put forward for the future research agenda which centres on inter-knowledge in the use of technology used within the political work of political leaders, candidates and activists in the process of creating relations of political representation. In addition, the importance of understanding different scales of the local, the State and government are also analysed. Com base em uma análise etnograficamente situada sobre os recentes processos eleitorais na Argentina, este texto contribui para a compreensão das formas em que a atividade política produz aquilo que seus protagonistas – políticos e especialistas em política – normalmente chamam de “território”. A partir de materiais etnográficos vindos de diversos contextos – regiões rurais e metropolitanas do país – é argumentado a favor da necessidade de restituir analiticamente a agência de intensidades variáveis de relações pessoais no desenvolvimento da atividade política territorial e, especificamente, a favor de explorar a produtividade política envolvida em relacionamentos pessoais que, no sentido comum nativo e acadêmico, tendem a se considerar politicamente “fracos”. É proposta assim a inclusão, nas agendas de pesquisa, das relações de inter-conhecimento como tecnologia movida pelo trabalho político de líderes, candidatos e militantes nos processos de criação de relações de representação política, bem como na articulação entre diferentes escalas de localidade, Estado e governo. Fil: Quirós, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina

In this article the author discusses the role of democracy in the post-global context. By “post-global” he intends that the grands récits (systems of thought and ideologies) which according to Lyotard were doomed to disappear in the post-modern era are still present and active but that they are not obvious anymore: they work underground within the processes of economic, social, political production. The author proceeds by examining the three principles on which societies order themselves: the sharing and establishment of blood ties – or time ties –, the sharing and establishment of space ties – or territorial ties – and, finally, the sharing of common action such as planning actions for the future. The author argues that democracy is the only form of political organization which is able to guarantee the possibility to these three principles of ordering the world to co-exist in such a way that none of the three principles can survive or prosper at the expense of the other two. But today this balance is threatened by a new element which sprouts from the third principle – the sharing of common action – in this case, the order of the market: a new transnational order which is also juridical, the order produced by the relations between economic actors becomes juridical. The State, intended here as expression of the territorial principle of organization of a society, is contractually week in this new context which the author calls the post-global context, and transnational holdings easily colonize the Lebenswelt. According to the author, it is not possible to practice democracy, to have strength as territorial unit, without the public and visible discussion of other ties, which are not territorial. The practice of assembly dialogue is therefore essential. He further states that democracy is a tension and not a guaranteed condition or state that one can keep to oneself.

Esta etnografia descreve o cotidiano de uma unidade de Atenção Primária em Saúde-APS localizada em Porto Alegre e integrante do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária-SSC, pertencente à estrutura institucional do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição- GHC. O ponto de partida é a prática do acolhimento realizada por seus integrantes e dirigida a seus usuários. Tal ação em saúde, neste contexto, acaba por acionar discursos e práticas relativas à participação: de seus trabalhadores, assim como de seus usuários, que aparecem reunidos sob a denominação comunidade. São descritas as segmentações que produzem conflitos e assimetrias entre os integrantes da equipe de saúde. Neste grupo, pautado por um discurso de participação igualitária entre seus membros, há uma tensão constante entre hierarquia e horizontalidade. Além disso, múltiplos sentidos e práticas de participação comunitária são apontados por atores com posições distintas neste cenário. As diferentes perspectivas, desde as quais os diferentes atores significam e ensejam práticas de participação são, então, assinaladas. Por fim, as percepções dos usuários acerca do acolhimento são colocadas em primeiro plano, e, deste modo, torna-se perceptível que o sistema de saúde, assim como as distintas concepções e práticas do que seja saúde, não estão constituídos de forma acabada: são processos e não estados. Esta etnografia aborda, portanto, diferentes dimensões políticas que estão imbricadas na tecitura cotidiana e eminenentemente relacional do Sistema Único de Saúde. This ethnography describes the daily life of a Primary Health Care unit located in Porto Alegre and a member of the Community Health Service – this latter being part of the institutional structure of the Conceição Hospital Group. This study takes as its starting point the practice of reception accomplished by members of the Primary Healt Care unit, and directed to its users. In this context, such a practice ultimately prompts up discourses and practices relating to participation: of their employees, as well as of its users, who appear grouped under the heading community. Further, this work describes the segmentation and asymmetries that come up as sources of conflict among members of the healthcare team. In this group, which is guided by a discourse of equal participation among its members, there is evidence of an ongoing tension between hierarchy and horizontality. In addition, multiple meanings and practices of community participation are highlighted by actors who hold different positions in this scenario. The different perspectives from which the different actors convey meaning, as well as give rise to practices of participation are then marked. Finally, users' perceptions regarding reception are placed in the foreground, thus making it noticeable that the health system, as the different concepts and practices of what health is, are not at all an accomplished, unimprovable product, for, they are processes, not states. Therefore, this ethnography addresses the different political dimensions that are embedded in the everyday, distinctively relational fabric of the Unified Health System.

The present day crisis of anthropology is related to its wide public success. Starting from the 40’s the number of professional anthropologists has increased exponentially and so has the number of students in the universities, as well as the number of B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. and Masters programmes in anthropology (social, cultural, applied and so on). Anthropology prospered, and the anthropologies proliferated: specifying itself anthropology spread, enriching many other social and non social sciences. But the theoretical debate has slowed down worryingly during the last decades, with only a few, although important, exceptions confined to particular schools. Both the methodologies and the form of expression of the ethnographic report have developed and then crystallized around actual protocols. Ethnography is now reduced to a Protokollaufnahme. But maybe the implicit and explicit anthropological critique to the dichotomy Subject/Object, i.e. the key discussion about the notion of das Fremde and about the relations between Wissenschaftler and Irrationale, speak for an immanent non “protocolarity” of anthropology. Anthropology, which has at least become an Existenzial in its historicisation (Heidegger), can finally disappear as a positivist science, in order to rise again.

La Teoría Política occidental ha concebido el estado como forma administrativa racional de organización y orden político. Uno de los efectos resultantes de pensar el estado en términos de sus funciones de producción de orden es que los márgenes espaciales y sociales, que tan a menudo constituyen el terreno del trabajo de campo etnográfico, son contemplados como lugares de desorden en los que el estado ha sido incapaz de imponer su orden. No obstante es posible invertir el interrogante y preguntarse acerca de qué es el estado cuando se lo contempla insertado en prácticas, lugares y lenguajes que se consideran situados en los márgenes del estado-nación. Desde la perspectiva antropológica, los márgenes proporcionan una perspectiva excepcional para comprender el estado, no porque capten las prácticas exóticas de los considerados “estados fallidos”, sino porque insinúan que los márgenes son implicaciones necesarias del estado e invitan a repensar los límites entre centro y periferia, público y privado, legal e ilegal. Anthropology offers a radical rethinking of the state when it interrogates itself about what would constitute an Ethnography of the state. Western Political Theory has conceived the state as a rational administrative form of political organization and order. One of the effects of thinking the state in terms of ordermaking functions is that the spatial and social margins that so often constitute the terrain of ethnographic fieldwork are seen as sites of disorder, where the state has been unable to impose its order. However, reversing the question is also possible, therefore interrogating what is the state when it is seen as embedded in practices, places and languages considered to be at the margins of the nation-state. From the anthropological point of view, margins provides an unique perspective to the understanding of the state, not because it captures the exotic practices of the so considered "failed states", but because it suggests that such margins are a necessary entailment of the state, and in so doing, invites us to rethink the boundaries between center and periphery, public and private, legal and illegal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-24T19:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007Bitstream added on 2014-06-25T11:47:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1984-0241-2007-32-127-159.pdf: 97199 bytes, checksum: cf66d6a89a5e0014e52cb16be38381e7 (MD5) O texto discute as tensões emergentes nos processos em curso nas áreas remanescentes de quilombos do sudeste paulista, entre a ação coletiva mediada por um movimento social, e reforçada pelo reconhecimento legal de um direito coletivo ao território, e estratégias múltiplas dos agentes locais visando contornar a precariedade de sua condição social e econômica, por meio de uma abordagem etnográfica de redes sociais, entendendo essas tensões como críticas para as políticas sociais cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento territorial. The text discusses emerging strains in quilombo remnant areas of São Paulo southeast, between collective action mediated by a social movement, and reinforced by a legal recognition of a collective land right, and multiple strategies of local agents, in order to deal with their uncertain social and economic condition, through an ethnographic approach to social networks, understanding these strains as critical to social policies aiming territorial development. UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista/Araraquara - SP UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista/Araraquara - SP

Clastres "de-substantializes" the State, which is not "the Elysées, the White House, the Kremlin", but "an actualization of a relation of power". There is no reason, therefore, to believe that, in a Durkheimian mood, he has reified the society. Even though he does not make use of the concept, it seems to us that there is already a "sociality" in Clastres: thus, the sociality against the State. In the three divisions of this study, we show the role the "society", the "State" and the "against" play in Clastres' writings. This way, we aim to demonstrate that, in his ethnography, we find indications as to how to deal with some of the dilemmas of anthropology, such as: How can we avoid the methodological individualism without being grasped by a transcendental holism or vice-versa? How can we erect models of intentionality with no subject? How can we conceive of social relations with no society? And finally, how does the "objectivity" of sociality work through the "subjectivity" of persons-in-interaction? Clastres promove uma "dessubstancialização" do Estado, que não é "o Eliseu, a Casa Branca, o Kremlin", mas um "acionamento efetivo da relação de poder". Não há por que acreditar, então, que ele tenha, num pudor durkheimiano, reificado a sociedade. Ainda que não recorra ao conceito, parece-nos que existe já socialidade em Clastres: a socialidade contra o Estado, portanto. Ao explorar, nas três partes deste estudo, a maneira como Clastres encara a "sociedade", o "Estado" e o "contra", acreditamos que, com o auxílio de sua etnografia, encontramos indicações de como enfrentar alguns dos impasses da antropologia; como o de abandonar o individualismo metodológico sem cair num holismo transcendental e vice-versa; o de construir modelos de intencionalidade sem sujeitos; o de pensar a relação social sem, por esta démarche, implicar necessariamente a existência da "sociedade"; e, finalmente, o de mostrar como a "objetividade" da socialidade pode operar por meio da "subjetividade" das pessoas-em-interação.