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Kencur can grow well in the lowlands or upper lands with loose soil which does not contain much air. The quality of yield of kencur rhizome is determined by its maturity level. An addition of sulfur and the provision of shading could increase the quality and yield of rhizome. The purpose of this study was to study and determine the response of two accessions to the application of sulfur fertilizer and different shade treatments in increasing yield and quality of the rhizome. The research was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 in Jatikerto Agro Techno Park of Brawijaya University, Malang. A split-split-plot design was used in this study. The design consisted of main plots at 25% and 50% shades, subplots: Banyuwangi and Blitar accessions, and sub-subplots: 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 MgSO4. The yields obtained indicated that there were interactions between treatments that occured in dry weight parameters of the rhizome, total plants and kencur productivity. By contrast, other treatments such as fresh weight only interacted in the treatment of accession and sulfur fertilizers without the presence of shade treatment. In both accesions, an increase in sulfur fertilizer doses could increase the percentage of total antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant content was higher at 25% shade compared to that at 50% shade. The dose of sulfur fertilizer at both the shade and accession used was able to increase ethyl p-methoxycinnamate content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) widely cultivated in shaded dry land because it is one of the plants with a good level of tolerance to shade. The low sunlight intensity will have an impact on the low nutrient uptake because transpiration will be reduced, so the kencur plant needs more nutrients in the soil, particularly potassium. The study aim to investigate the influence of shade and potassium fertilizer in Kaempferia galanga plant. The experimental farm of Agro Techno Park, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, Jatikerto Village served as the site of this study from October 2021 to May 2022. Three replications of a split-split plot were used in this study. The two shade levels that make up the main plot are (N25) for 25% shade and (N50) for 50% shade. The subplots is potassium fertilizer doses with four levels, namely (K0) fertilizer 0 kg ha-1 K²O; (K120) Fertilizer 120 kg ha-1 K²O; (K180) Fertilizer 180 kg ha-1 K²O; and (K240) Fertilizer 240 kg ha-1 K²O. The sub-plots consist of 2 accessions (A1) Lumajang and (A2) Nganjuk. The parameters that are divided up include chemical content analysis, yield parameters, and shade observation. According to the findings, kencur plants produced their highest yields in 50% shade. Based on the highest EPMC value content, the treatment of 50% shade and application of potassium fertilizer at a dose of 240 kg ha-1 also demonstrated the best quality of kencur. The results also indicate that the Lumajang accession has lower yields than the Nganjuk accession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaempferia galanga has the potential to be developed as a raw material for traditional medicine because it has pharmacological activities such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Ethyl pmethoxycinnamate (EPMC) is one of the marker compounds for determining the dosage of traditional medicine. Determination of EPMC content in the Kaempferia galanga extract is important for the standardization of the extract. This study aims to validate the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining EPMC content in Kaempferia galanga extract. Separation was performed on the C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 mm x 150 mm), using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water: acetonitrile (40:60) at 30℃ temperature. The flow rate was 1 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 μL. Detection was performed using a photodiode array (PDA) set at 308 nm. The method was validated as per the guidelines given by International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The retention time of EPMC on standard EPMC and Kaempferia galanga was 6.22 and 6.25 minutes, respectively. The linearity calibration curve was 10-60 μg/mL (r=0.9988) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0011 μg/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0037 μg/mL. Adequate results were obtained for precision with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.19%-2.37% and accuracy with a recovery of 94.07%-113.82%. The average EPMC content in Kaempferia galanga was 54.13%. Therefore, this finding demonstrated that the method was proved selective for the quantification of EPMC in Kaempferia galanga extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]