32 results
Search Results
2. Designing and Implementing Virtual Exchange -- A Collection of Case Studies
- Author
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Research-publishing.net (France), Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, Helm, Francesca, Beaven, Ana, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
Virtual exchange is gaining popularity in formal and non-formal education, partly as a means to internationalise the curriculum, and also to offer more sustainable and inclusive international and intercultural experiences to young people around the world. This volume brings together 19 case studies (17 in higher education and two in youth work) of virtual exchange projects in Europe and the South Mediterranean region. They span across a range of disciplines, from STEM to business, tourism, and languages, and are presented as real-life pedagogical practices that can be of interest to educators looking for ideas and inspiration. [This content is provided in the format of an e-book. Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2020
3. DID THE CONFERENCE ON THE FUTURE OF EUROPE GO LOCAL? EVIDENCE FROM POLAND.
- Author
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BĄCAL, Pawel
- Subjects
EUROPEAN integration ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the involvement of the local and regional authorities within the Conference on the Future of Europe. The former, being closer to the citizens, could play important role in reaching "every corner of the European Union" and helping the citizens to articulate their ideas about the European integration. Therefore, the activity of the subnational level could contribute to the final success of the Conference (or failure - in case of lack of any actions). The analysis is based on the author's own empirical study conducted among the Polish territorial self-government units after the closure of the Conference. The local and regional authorities were asked if they informed the citizens about the Conference, organised events regarding this enterprise or took part in the events organised by other entities. The results show very low level of the activity, even among the territorial self-government units that are present at the European level. The conclusions regard both to the Polish circumstances as well as to the general performance of the Conference. In the first case, they unveil the unwritten practice among the Polish territorial self-government units on their involvement in the European affairs. Regarding the second point, the results indicate that the Conference did not manage to exceed the "European bubble". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries.
- Author
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Zając, Stanisław, Kaliszewski, Adam, and Młynarski, Wojciech
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,SUSTAINABLE forestry ,FOREST management - Abstract
The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory: Validity and psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation.
- Author
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Barzykowski, Krystian, Majda, Anna, Przyłęcki, Paweł, and Szkup, Małgorzata
- Subjects
SELF-esteem ,RESEARCH ,PERFORMANCE ,CULTURAL intelligence ,MEDICAL personnel ,STATISTICAL reliability ,PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation - Abstract
Background: Due to changes in Polish society resulting from a significant inflow of immigrants to Poland, the need to develop the cultural competences of various professional groups who have contact with immigrants in their work has increased. These groups should include healthcare professionals, especially because of the significant increase in the number of culturally diverse patients. Therefore, medical education in Poland has had to rapidly adapt to this novel situation. For instance, the teaching process should be now more focused on the development and evaluation of the cultural competences of prospective health care workers. However, there is still a lack of standardized, valid and reliable instruments to assess cross-cultural competences among healthcare professionals. The purpose of the present paper was to describe, for the first time, the translation, adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of the Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory. Methods: Across two studies, we examined psychometric properties of the Cross-Cultural Competence Inventory (CCCI) such as reliability (i.e. internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factor structure) and validity (i.e. theoretical, criteria, convergent). In the first study, 408 participants (75% were healthcare professionals) completed the Polish version of the CCCI and the Positive/Negative Attitude Towards Culturally Divergent People Questionnaire. In the second study, 317 participants (97% were healthcare professionals) completed the CCCI twice, with an interval of at least 22 days. In addition, across two study sessions, participants completed questionnaires constructed to measure (a) cultural intelligence, (b) need for cognitive closure, (c) emphatic sensitiveness, (d) emotional intelligence, (e) self-esteem, (f) social desirability, and (g) personality. Finally, to additionally examine the theoretical validity, 36 professional cross-cultural competence trainers completed the CCCI during a one-session study. Results: Our findings confirm the reliability and validity of the CCCI. More precisely, in study 1 we proved the theoretical validity and reliability (i.e. internal consistency) of the CCCI. While the assumed structure did not fit the data well, all items were significantly related to the general factor, thus providing strong support for the usage of the total score of the CCCI. In study 2, we additionally estimated the test-retest reliability and theoretical, criterion and convergent validity. Across two studies we were able to successfully confirm these psychometric properties. The reliability was satisfactory and ranged from .83 to .86. We also observed a high and significant positive correlation between CCCI and the Cultural Intelligence Scale, which measures a concept similar to the one measured by CCCI. In addition, a significant relationship between intercultural competences (CCCI) and other variables such as personality, empathic sensitivity, emotional intelligence, self-esteem (positive correlations) and the need for cognitive closure (mainly negative correlation) were demonstrated. Conclusions: The obtained results support the usage of the CCCI questionnaire in scientific research, such as, for example, among healthcare professionals (nurses, doctors) and students of medical fields (nursing, medicine). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Where the North Meets the East Europe's `Dimensionalism' and Poland's `Marginality Strategy'.
- Author
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Makarychev, Andrey S.
- Subjects
MONETARY unions ,THEORY ,EUROPEAN integration ,EURO - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse Poland's Eastern Dimension (ED) proposal as seen from the marginality theoretical background. The basic argument is that the ED stands out as a discursive battlefield for different representations of Poland and of Europe's margins. In devising its marginality strategy, Poland has learned from Finland about the ability of a state at the edge of the European Union to have an impact on the whole. However, Poland is torn between sovereign and post-sovereign discourses of space and identity; the tensions between them explain why the ED remains vague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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7. Student Mobility from New to Old Member States in the European Union -- Changing Patterns after 1st of May 2004?
- Author
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Wolfeil, Nina
- Subjects
STUDENT mobility ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
Copyright of CMR Working Papers is the property of Centre of Migration Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
8. POLISH YOUTH ON THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET.
- Author
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Nowakowska-Grunt, J. and Kabus, J.
- Subjects
LABOR market ,YOUTH ,ECONOMIC competition ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,COST of living - Abstract
Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
9. Implementation of Marine Spatial Planning Instruments for Sustainable Marine Governance in Poland.
- Author
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Pyć, D.
- Subjects
- *
OCEAN zoning , *HARBORS - Abstract
Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process of managing human activities in the marine and coastal environment in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Amendments regarding marine spatial planning within the Polish marine areas introduced to Polish law in 2015 constitute grounds for drawing up maritime spatial plans for marine areas. This paper presents a few general comments on the marine spatial planning in Poland in the context of implementation of the Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP Directive) in Europe. The MSP Directive plays an important role in the development of marine spatial planning by promoting MSP instruments. Marine spatial plans are the basic instruments of marine spatial planning. The MSP Directive requires all coastal Member States of the European Union to prepare cross-sectoral maritime spatial plans by 2021. Development of the first maritime spatial plan for Polish marine areas was started in 2013. The MSP legal basis are included in the Marine Areas of the Republic of Poland and Maritime Administration Act of 1991 amended in 2015, which defines the legal situation of the marine areas of the Republic of Poland, the coastal area, the sea ports and harbours, and the rules for the use of these areas, as well as the maritime administration authorities and their competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. The Impact of IAS/IFRS on Polish Accounting Regulations and their Practical Implementation in Poland.
- Author
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Jaruga, Alicja, Fijalkowska, Justyna, Jaruga-Baranowska, Malgorzata, and Frendzel, Maciej
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING laws ,INTERNATIONAL accounting standards - Abstract
In the face of the globalization process that we have witnessed over recent years, the European Union (EU) decided that it is crucial to improve the competitiveness of Europe and the development of financial services and capital markets through enforcement of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a basis of financial reporting of listed companies. Poland as a member of the EU was obliged to incorporate International Accounting Standards (IAS)/IFRS in national accounting regulations. Our paper discusses this issue. We also present the impact of IAS/IFRS implementation by Polish companies on their financial statements, particularly the impact on income and equity (capital). The presentation is the result of the review and analysis of 255 financial reports (including 171 consolidated) of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. EWork in EU Candidate Countries. IES Report.
- Author
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Sussex Univ., Brighton (England). Inst. for Employment Studies., Mako, Csaba, and Keszi, Roland
- Abstract
Using data of an 18-country employer survey and facts of company case studies of the EMERGENCE project, a project illustrated diffusion of eWork in 3 these Central European countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland. Mainstream views of the transforming economies and various practices of generic business services were studied. Establishments surveyed in the post-socialist economies showed similarities and differences in their micro-institutional patterns compared to those in 15 European Union (EU) countries. Comparison of eWork diffusion indicated the following: (1) eWork was more widely used in the 3 newly associated states (NAS); (2) eWork diffusion was more balanced in the EU between medium and large firms than in the NAS; (3) eWork in the NAS was used more extensively in larger firms; (4) diffusion by sector showed its share in service sectors was higher than in primary and secondary industries, with differences greater in the NAS; ( 5) more business functions were kept in the organization in the NAS; and (6) outsourcing was more popular in the NAS. Company case studies gave insight into the complex processes of delocalization of eWork. Information and communication technology gave businesses of all sizes a tool to develop globally. NAS case studies illustrated the expansion type of eWork delocalization in company reorganizations and isolated company decisions. These two important dimensions of eWork delocalization were indicated in connection with NAS case studies: organizational changes and skill use. (Appendixes include 51 references and company data.) (YLB)
- Published
- 2003
12. Failures in Clinical Trials in the European Union: Lessons from the Polish Experience.
- Author
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Waligora, Marcin
- Subjects
MEDICAL research ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
When discussing the safety of research subjects, including their exploitation and vulnerability as well as failures in clinical research, recent commentators have focused mostly on countries with low or middle-income economies. High-income countries are seen as relatively safe and well-regulated. This article presents irregularities in clinical trials in an EU member state, Poland, which were revealed by the Supreme Audit Office of Poland (the NIK). Despite adopting many European Union regulations, including European Commission directives concerning Good Clinical Practice, these irregularities occurred. Causes as well as potential solutions to make clinical trials more ethical and safer are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Germany and France Present Outline for EU Competition Changes.
- Author
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Jennen, Birgit
- Subjects
FRENCH foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article informs that Germany, France and Poland are pushing plans to facilitate big mergers in the European Union, after the bloc shot down an intended tie-up this year between Siemens AG and Alstom SA to create a European champion to compete with China, as of July 2019. It reports that the bloc requested the European Commission should introduce "more flexibility" and "take into account competition at a global level" when it analyzes mergers.
- Published
- 2019
14. SENIOR CITIZENS AND THEIR LEISURE ACTIVITY: UNDERSTANDING LEISURE BEHAVIOUR OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN POLAND.
- Author
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ŚNIADEK, JOANNA and ZAJADACZ, ALINA
- Subjects
POLISH people ,POPULATION aging ,OLDER people - Abstract
Poles are still one of the youngest societies in Europe, yet considering the ever faster processes of population ageing by 2020 every fifth citizen of Poland will have been retired. Reaching a senior age and retirement opens a new period in man's life. Thanks to improvement in living conditions, progress in medicine and increasing social awareness of the role of hygiene, this stage of life may last now several dozen years. In view of all this, the question of living standards of senior citizens and factors determining these standards acquires crucial importance. Numerous studies have proven that a particularly important factor determining the so-called "successful ageing" is regular physical activity. Unfortunately, some studies have also shown that elderly Poles belong to the group of the least active EU citizens. The main reasons behind low physical and tourist activity of Polish seniors include poor financial standing, lack of active leisure habits, and -- all too often -- insufficient offer and promotion of sport and leisure activities targeted at this age group. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the authors' own research into the ways of spending free time by senior citizens in Poland to show selected factors motivating elderly people to engage in recreational activity as well as to recommend marketing policies which should be carried out in this particular market segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
15. Technical and Regulatory Issues of Emergency Call Handling.
- Author
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Michalski, Wojciech
- Subjects
TELEPHONE emergency reporting systems ,EMERGENCY communication systems ,COMPUTER routing equipment ,COMPUTER architecture - Abstract
The paper presents selected technical and regulatory aspects of emergency call handling in communication between citizens and authorities in case of distress. Among the most important technical aspects of emergency call handling are recognition and treatment of emergency call by originating network, routing of such call to the appropriate public safety answering point (PSAP), delivering call-related information to the PSAP as well as architecture and organization of PSAPs. From the legal point of view, of importance are the obligations for the Member States and stakeholders involved in the E112 project included in the EU directives, actions of European Commission related to providing access to the location information as well as obligations concerning emergency call handling included in Polish national law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Polish Perspective on the EU's Energy Policy and the Security of External Supply.
- Author
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Wyciszkiewicz, Ernest
- Subjects
ENERGY policy ,GASOLINE supply ,NATURAL gas pipelines - Abstract
Since the very beginning of the EU energy policy building process, Poland has belonged to the most vigorous participants which was a result of several internal and external determinants. Internally, it was a heavy reliance on imported oil and gas from Russia and thus high vulnerability to its energy diplomacy that mattered, especially for the government that took power in 2005. Externally, repeated temporary disruptions of supplies and German-Russian agreement on Nord Stream gas pipeline pushed Poland towards deep involvement into the making of the EU energy policy and into the European energy security discourse. Polish position was determined by a feeling that under current circumstances its energy security was at stake, and second, that an extraordinary opportunity emerged to shape directly the process of making new EU policy since its commencement. Major issues for Poland, such as energy solidarity, crisis management mechanism, diversification of suppliers and common position towards external actors were reflected in several initiatives: failed proposal of European Energy Security Treaty, injection of energy solidarity into the Treaty of Lisbon and recently suggested amendments to EU Security of the Gas Supply Directive. It will not be an over estimation to claim that it is partly due to Polish pressure that the above mentioned issued became an integral part of EU policy papers and proposals. The question now is not whether the EU should bother about energy security at all but how it should respond to oncoming challenges to reduce its vulnerability and to minimize risk exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
17. The Ability to Build a Brand in the Single European Market for the Polish Sportswear Sector.
- Author
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Malinowska–Olszowy, Monika
- Subjects
CLOTHING industry ,MARKETING strategy ,BRANDING (Marketing) - Abstract
Integration with the European Union is connected with the necessity to adjust Polish light industry to function in the common market, which mostly requires enhancing the competitiveness of products. So far, results of the restructuring process have been inadequate for the stable functioning of this sector. It is necessary to introduce a strategy which will show the right path for preparing enterprises to compete in the Single European Market. The aim of the article is to see whether Polish sportswear producers are forming and executing successful brand strategies and other marketing actions in order to compete in the Single European Market. To do so, empirical studies using questionnaires were carried out among Polish sportswear producers. Thanks to this paper it is possible to specify the direction of future changes and activities in order that the clothing industry has a chance to rebuild and hold a strong position both in Poland and abroad. Another aim is to increase awareness among businessmen that a strong brand is the most precious company asset, and it should be placed atthe top of the list, underlying the whole management of a company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
18. Constitutional rights to health care: the consequences of placing limits on the right to health care in several Western and Eastern European countries.
- Author
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Den Exter, André, Hermans, Bert, and den Exter, André
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL rights , *MEDICAL care , *TREATIES , *COST control , *HEALTH policy , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONTRACTS , *ECONOMICS , *HEALTH , *HEALTH care rationing , *HUMAN rights , *HEALTH insurance , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *JURISPRUDENCE , *LEGISLATION , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MEDICAL protocols , *NATIONAL health services , *PHYSICIANS , *POLICY sciences , *PUBLIC health , *RESEARCH , *RESOURCE allocation , *GOVERNMENT aid , *PRIVATE sector , *GOVERNMENT policy , *EVALUATION research , *PATIENT selection - Abstract
This paper examines the right to health care. Various expressions of this right may be distinguished. These include both individual rights and social rights which could be based upon international treaties and constitutional rights. They may be found in national health legislation and, in some cases, in jurisprudence. To analyze the consequences of limiting the right to health care, a framework for judicial review has been developed which encompasses these expressions of the right to health care. The framework was used to examine legal and health policy developments in three Western and two Eastern European countries. In Italy and the Netherlands the right to health care is protected constitutionally (but on differing legal bases) while the United Kingdom does not have a written constitution. In contrast, Hungary and Poland have for many years seen the state take responsible for the provision, administration and allocation of health care services and the right to health care was guaranteed theoretically but not in practice because of the lack of (financial) means. However, the Polish Constitution explicitly anticipates possible limitations of the right to health care. What all these countries have in common is a cost containment perspective where the future will bring even tighter limits on what resources patients may consume. Despite differences in legal structure between these countries, where they seem to converge is on the consequences of putting limitations on the right to health care. The courts in Italy, the Netherlands and the UK have formulated conditions drawn from the acceptance that this right has to be judged within the context of limited resources. It may be concluded that finding a compromise between the right to health care and cost containment policies could also be an issue, Eastern European countries will have to face in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Poland from 1999 to 2014.
- Author
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Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Bryla, Marek, Ciabiada-Bryla, Beata, and Maniecka-Bryla, Irena
- Subjects
OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases ,LIFE - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze the standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Poland from 1999 to 2014 by sex and place of residence. Methods: The number of deaths due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J40 –J44 and J47 according to ICD-10) over the period 1999 to 2014 was analyzed based on data obtained from the Central Statistical Office in Poland. Standard expected years of life lost due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were calculated by sex and place of residence according to the living population (SEYLL
p ) and the number of deaths caused by the disease (SEYLLd ). Changes in the calculated measures were evaluated using joinpoint models. The annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) were also calculated. Results: The study revealed that COPD contributed to 1.8% of the total number of deaths which occurred between 1999 and 2014. The greatest decrease in the analyzed measures was observed among males from rural areas (p<0.05) (SEYLL: AAPC = -1.6; 95%CI: -3.0;-0.2; SEYLLp : AAPC = -2.0; 95%CI: -3.4;-0.6; SEYLLd : AAPC = -1.1; 95%CI: -1.2;-0.9). A statistically significant increase in the SEYLL and SEYLLp indices was observed among female city dwellers (SEYLL: AAPC = 2.4; 95%CI:0.7;4.0 and SEYLLp : AAPC = 2.4; 95%CI: 0.8;4.1). Conclusions: All studied measures were higher in the male group than in the female group, regardless of the place of residence. A male who died of COPD in Poland in 2014 potentially lost 14.9 years of life, whereas a female lost 14.2 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Understanding frailty: meanings and beliefs about screening and prevention across key stakeholder groups in Europe.
- Author
-
SHAW, RACHEL L., GWYTHER, HOLLY, HOLLAND, CAROL, BUJNOWSKA-FEDAK, MARIA, KURPAS, DONATA, CANO, ANTONIO, MARCUCCI, MAURA, RIVA, SILVIA, and D'AVANZO, BARBARA
- Subjects
CAREGIVERS ,FRAIL elderly ,HEALTH attitudes ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HOLISTIC medicine ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL screening ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,SOCIAL support ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Innovative methods to manage frailty are critical to managing the needs of an ageing population. Evidence suggests there are opportunities to reverse or prevent frailty through early intervention. However, little is known about older adults’, families’ and practitioners’ beliefs about the malleability of frailty. This study examined European stakeholders’ accounts of the acceptability and feasibility of frailty screening and prevention to inform future intervention development. Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were conducted in three European Union countries (Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom) with key stakeholders – frail and non-frail older adults, family care-givers, and health and social care professionals. Thematic analysis identified four themes: synchronicity between the physical and the psychological in frailty, living with frailty in the social world, the need for a new kind of care, and screening for and preventing frailty. Findings emphasised the need for a holistic approach to frailty care and early intervention. Integrated care services and advocacy were important in the organisation of care. Central to all stakeholders was the significance of the psychological and social alongside the physical elements of frailty and frailty prevention. Support and care for older adults and their family care-givers needs to be accessible and co-ordinated. Interventions to prevent frailty must encompass a social dimension to help older adults maintain a sense of self while building physical and psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Estimating the scale of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the EU/EEA: a focus on migrants from anti-HCV endemic countries.
- Author
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Falla, A. M., Ahmad, A. A., Duffell, E., Noori, T., and Veldhuijzen, I. K.
- Subjects
HEPATITIS C diagnosis ,IMMIGRANTS ,PUBLIC health ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEPATITIS C treatment ,DISEASES ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NOMADS ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,VIREMIA ,CHRONIC hepatitis C - Abstract
Background: Increasing the proportion diagnosed with and on treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is key to the elimination of hepatitis C in Europe. This study contributes to secondary prevention planning in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) by estimating the number of CHC (anti-HCV positive and viraemic) cases among migrants living in the EU/EEA and born in endemic countries, defining the most affected migrant populations, and assessing whether country of birth prevalence is a reliable proxy for migrant prevalence.Methods: Migrant country of birth and population size extracted from statistical databases and anti-HCV prevalence in countries of birth and in EU/EEA countries derived from a systematic literature search were used to estimate caseload among and most affected migrants. Reliability of country of birth prevalence as a proxy for migrant prevalence was assessed via a systematic literature search.Results: Approximately 11% of the EU/EEA adult population is foreign-born, 79% of whom were born in endemic (anti-HCV prevalence ≥1%) countries. Anti-HCV/CHC prevalence in migrants from endemic countries residing in the EU/EEA is estimated at 2.3%/1.6%, corresponding to ~580,000 CHC infections or 14% of the CHC disease burden in the EU/EEA. The highest number of cases is found among migrants from Romania and Russia (50-60,000 cases each) and migrants from Italy, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland and Ukraine (25-35,000 cases each). Ten studies reporting prevalence in migrants in Europe were identified; in seven of these estimates, prevalence was comparable with the country of birth prevalence and in three estimates it was lower.Discussion: Migrants are disproportionately affected by CHC, account for a considerable number of CHC infections in EU/EEA countries, and are an important population for targeted case finding and treatment. Limited data suggest that country of birth prevalence can be used as a proxy for the prevalence in migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. European Security and Eastward Expansion of NATO and EU: the cases of Poland and Ukraine.
- Author
-
Racanska, Luba
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
The decision to expand eastward by the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) indicates two very important trends in the configuration of European security equation. First, the European security vision includes the whole Europe, i.e., the former Soviet sphere of influence, and thus the EU' original members' willingness to enlarge and include the less economically developed Central and East European (CEE) states. Second, the security issue most important to former communist countries was the desire to keep Russia's influence and possible threat to a minimum while securing and deepening democratization process introduced after 1989. NATO's enlargement was introduced with with very similar goals in mind: providing security to the newly democratizing CEE states while not upseting Russia's national interests. For NATO, the problem was solved by emphasizing the political over the military nature of expansion and healing the divisions accepted at Yalta. The example of including Poland in both EU and NATO can help the two clubs work in unison to bring about inclusion of Ukraine and other post-Soviet states and establishing a true European security. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
23. Recent Trends in International Migration: The 2007 SOPEMI Report for Poland.
- Author
-
Kępińska, Ewa
- Subjects
LABOR laws ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,WOMEN employees ,LABOR market ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Poland continues to export large numbers of migrants to EU labour markets, although there are signs that the exodus is slowing down. Recent developments on the Polish migration scene include the introduction in 2007 of measures that ease access to the Polish labour market for foreigners, and the introduction of the Polish Chart which grants substantial rights to people of Polish descent living in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The amendment in 2007 of the "Aliens Act of 2003" facilitated the second regularisation program of undocumented migrants. On the night of December 21, 2007 Poland entered the Schengen zone. Migration from Poland has been increasing steadily since the end of the nineties. The upward trend accelerated upon accession of Poland to the EU on May 1, 2004. Labour Force Survey data reveal that in the second quarter of 2007, approximately 537,000 Poles stayed abroad for more than two months, about 148,00 more than in the corresponding quarter of 2006, and about 274,000 more than in the second quarter of 2005. The corresponding number in the third quarter of 2007 dropped to 522,000, presumably signaling the beginning of a downward trend in the magnitude of the outflows. Recent data reveal that long-term migration, particularly to the six main destination countries (the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the United States, and the Netherlands), has been growing in importance. However, short-term moves still constitute an important part of the migration phenomenon. The proportion of men among all types of migration has been increasing consistently as of Poland's accession to the EU. Women migrants are better educated, and are younger than men migrants. Migration to Poland remains low. According to the population register, the stock of foreigners who were permanent residents of Poland at the end of 2006 was approximately 54,800. This number constitutes 0.14% of the total population of Poland. Women comprise 53% of the foreign residents. The three main national groups are Germans (21%), Ukrainians (9%), and Russians (6%). Despite a two-year decrease in the number of first asylum applications in Poland, which mimicks the downward trend in many OECD countries, more asylum applications were recorded in Poland in 2007 than in 2006, an increase which is attributable to Poland's accession to the Schengen zone. The number of first asylum applications increased considerably in the second half of 2007, reaching approximately 1,150 applications in November 2007, and 2,270 applications in December 2007. The bulk of the asylum applicants continued to be the nationals of the Russian Federation (particularly Chechens). A refugee status was granted in 2006 to approximately 485 applicants. In 2006, approximately 2,130 tolerated statuses were granted, similar to the number recorded in the preceding year. The main group of recognised refugees, which was also the main group of recipients of the tolerated statuses, was Russians (particularly Chechens). Undocumented migrants who continuously lived in Poland for a period of ten years (since January 1, 1997), had housing and financial means to cover necessary living expenses (or a work promise from an employer), gained the right to submit, between July 20 and December 31, 2007, an application for a one-year temporary residence permit (that is, legalise their status in Poland). The second regularisation was directed at those who, because of the short application period (only four months), did not manage to participate in the first regularisation in 2003.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
24. NO ONE LEFT BEHIND?
- Author
-
TERLIKOWSKI, MARCIN
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,NATIONAL security ,BUDGET - Abstract
One of Poland's primary aims during its presidency of the EU in 2011 was to generate greater momentum towards reform of the CSDP - an objective it continues to seek as national defence budgets are cut across Europe. Marcin Terlikowski argues that instead of removing the main obstacle to greater defence collaboration in Europe - widely perceived to be British intransigence - a 'Brexit' would weaken efforts in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. LEGAL AND MARKET UNCERTAINTY IN MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS: THE CASE OF THE EU ETS.
- Author
-
DARI-MATTIACCI, GIUSEPPE and VAN ZEBEN, JOSEPHINE
- Subjects
ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,GREENHOUSE effect - Abstract
The article discusses the theory behind the opinion of legal and market uncertainty in Europe. The remedies are also discussed which are awarded by the courts. Recent law involving European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions which shows that legal uncertainty have direct effects on third parties in emission markets. The court has discussed cases, Republic of Poland v. Commission and Republic of Estonia v. Commission regarding the emission rights.
- Published
- 2012
26. The variability of macrophyte metrics used in river monitoring.
- Author
-
Szoszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Zbierska, Janina, Staniszewski, Ryszard, and Jusik, Szymon
- Subjects
WATER quality monitoring ,WATER chemistry ,MACROPHYTES ,MARINE biodiversity ,MARINE ecology ,RIVERS - Abstract
The study aimed at estimating the reliability of river classification based on macrophytes under differentiated habitat conditions. The studies were carried out between 2002 and 2005, within the EU STAR project and two other local projects. Factors taken into consideration included: shading, habitat modification, and lengths of the survey sections. Polish lowland watercourses were surveyed. The analyzed streams represented a wide range of degradation. Several macrophyte-based metrics were evaluated, including major European systems (MTR, IBMR, TIM, MI, RI) and diversity metrics (number of species, Shannon diversity index, total cover). The reaction of the macrophyte-based metrics examined to habitat factors was compared. It was proved that some of the metrics appeared to be resistant to different sources of variability, thus confirming their usefulness for river monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. European Carbon Prices and Banking Restrictions: Evidence from Phase I (2005-2007).
- Author
-
Alberola, Emilie and Chevallier, Julien
- Subjects
PRICES ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,BANKING industry ,TAX remission - Abstract
The price of European Union Allowances (EUAs) has been declining at far lower levels than expected during Phase I (2005-2007). Previous literature identifies among its main explanations over-allocation concerns, early abatement efforts in 2005, and possibly decreasing abatement costs in 2006. We advocate low allowance prices may also be explained by banking restrictions between 2007 and 2008. Based on a Hotelling-CAPM analysis, we provide statistical evidence that the French and Polish decisions to ban banking contribute to the explanation of low EUA Phase I prices. Besides, we provide the first rigorous empirical verification that the cost-of-carry relationship between EUA spot and futures prices for delivery during Phase II does not hold after the enforcement of the inter-period banking restrictions. This situation may be interpreted as a sacrifice of the temporal flexibility offered to industrials in Phase I to correct design inefficiencies, and achieve an efficient price pattern in Phase II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. International marketing in an enlarged European Union: Some insights into cultural heterogeneity in Central Europe.
- Author
-
Skinner, Heather, Kubacki, Krzysztof, Moss, Gloria, and Chelly, David
- Subjects
MARKETING ,INDUSTRIAL management ,PERFORMANCE standards - Abstract
Copyright of Journal for East European Management Studies is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
29. Social Pacts on the Road to EMU: A Comparison of the Italian and Polish Experiences.
- Author
-
Meardi, Guglielmo
- Subjects
LABOR unions ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,EMPLOYERS ,ORGANIZATION ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
In the new EU member states, tripartite national-level social pacts have been promoted as a preferred and effective instrument for a rapid and relatively painless fulfilment of the Maastricht criteria, following the example of many of the old member states in the 1990s, and notably Italy. But such policy advice is not based on careful comparisons. By comparing Poland and Italy, this article undermines the dominant view that the failure of concertation attempts in Poland is mostly due to trade union politicization. The comparative test with Italy, a country with equally politicized trade unions, and where, by contrast, important social pacts have been signed, suggests that divergent employer strategies and organization are at least an equally important factor. Additionally, the study provides a more mixed assessment of the Italian social pacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Two Sides of Euroscepticism: Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe.
- Author
-
Kopecky, Petr and Mudde, Cas
- Subjects
EUROPEAN politics & government, 1989- ,FOREIGN relations of the European Union ,EUROPEAN integration - Abstract
This article aims to make a three-fold contribution to the study of Euroscepticism in the wider Europe. First, it presents a two-dimensional conceptualization of party positions on European integration in general, and of Euroscepticism in particular, distinguishing between diffuse and specific support for European integration (i.e. 'support for the ideas of European integration' and 'support for the EU'). Second, it analyses the location, type, and electoral strength of party-based Euroscepticism in the four candidate countries of East Central Europe - the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. Third, it contributes to the ideology vs. strategy debate, showing that ideology is the dominant explanation for both types of support, although strategy at times plays a role in explaining specific support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A New Role of the Polish Senate's EU Affairs Committee in European Integration.
- Author
-
Pudło, Anna
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE bodies ,EUROPEAN foreign relations ,LEGISLATION ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article examines the role, work and functioning of the Polish Senate's European Union (EU) Affairs Committee in European integration. It mentions the acts that regulate the powers of the Senate's Committee to inspect the legislation which include the Cooperation Act of on March 11, 2004 and the Rules and Regulations of the Senate. It states that the Cooperation Act puts the Senate's EU Affairs Committee in a position of influence counterpart to the Polish government in EU matters.
- Published
- 2010
32. The European Miracle.
- Author
-
Wells, Paul
- Subjects
HISTORY ,EUROPEAN integration ,EUROPEANS - Abstract
This is an article that focuses how the European Union, which recently added 10 more countries, has changed life for Europeans. "SO MUCH HAS CHANGED," Pawel Dobrowolski says. In 1979 Dobrowolski was a doctoral student in history at university in Poland, already chafing at his country's Communist regime, already eager to see more of the world. Today Dobrowolski is Poland's ambassador to Canada. On May 1, the European Union grew by 10 countries: Greek Cyprus and Malta plus a huge chunk of Central Europe, including Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovenia. Newspapers in French tossed around, comme& ccedil; a, the accusation that Poland was a" Trojan Horse" trying to sneak American values into Fortress Europe.
- Published
- 2004
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